Interaction between Puccinia recondita f.sp. triticina and Septoria nodorum on wheat,and its effects on yield     

A. F. Van Der Wal  B. L. Shearer  J. C. Zadoks 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1970,76(4):261-263

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Prevalence, spread and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in dairy goat herds in New South Wales   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PL GREENWOOD  RN NORTH†  PD KIRKLAND 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(9):341-345

SUMMARY A study of the prevalence, spread and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in dairy goat herds in New South Wales (NSW) during 1986–1988 found that 56.8% of 1484 goats in 14 dairy herds were infected with CAEV. The prevalence of CAEV infection within most herds not implementing control measures increased during the study. At the end of the study, 59.7% of 1322 goats were infected. The prevalence of CAEV increased with age. Differences between breeds were less apparent. Within seven herds with a high standard of identification of goats, 149 of 812 goats seroconverted in an ELISA. Of these newly infected goats, 142 (95.3%) were > 1 yr of age and 96 (64.4%) were > 2 yr suggesting lateral spread of the virus. Most of the goats > 2 yr of age had been in the milking herd for a minimum of 3 to 6 months. The high seroconversion rate within the milking herd suggested that factors other than the ingestion of infected colostrum and milk before weaning were important for the spread of CAEV. Observations indicated that behaviour of goats, particularly reproductive behaviour among lactating does, and milking herd management practices are important in the spread of CAEV. A high density of livestock, poor livestock control and contamination of feed, water, equipment and personnel were implicated in transmission. Poorly functioning milking machines may also be involved. CAEV was eradicated from 3 herds by the implementation of strict control measures.  相似文献   

Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy in Beagle Dogs: Evaluation of a Microsurgical Technique     

BJÖRN P. MEIJ DVM  Diplomate ECVS    GEORGE VOORHOUT DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVDI    TED S.G.A.M. VAN DEN INGH DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVP    HERMAN A.W. HAZEWINKEL DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVS  JOHANNA W. VAN 'T VERLAAT MD  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1997,26(4):295-309

Objective — Assessment of a microsurgical technique for transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in dogs.
Study Design — Prospective study using physical examination, pituitary function testing, computed tomography (CT), and histological examination at autopsy.
Animals or Sample Population — Eight laboratory beagle dogs.
Methods — Pituitary function was assessed before and at 10 weeks after hypophysectomy by combined administration of four releasing hormones (anterior pituitary), administration of haloperidol (pars intermedia), and infusion of hypertonic saline (posterior pituitary).
Results — CT imaging enabled accurate preoperative localization of the pituitary. Appropriate positioning and surgical technique facilitated exposure of the pituitary and its extraction without hemorrhage. Postoperative recovery was generally uncomplicated. None of die eight dogs had somatotropic, gonadotropic, lactotropic, melanotropic, or posterior pituitary responses to stimulation at 10 weeks after hypophysectomy. Four dogs (ACTH nonresponders) also had no cortico-tropic response and four (ACTH responders) had small but significant responses in the combined anterior pituitary function test. Adrenocortical atrophy was more pronounced in the ACTH nonresponders man in the responders. No residual pituitary tissue was found along the ventral hypothalamic diencephalon but nests of pituitary cells were found embedded in fibrous tissue in the sella turcica.
Conclusions — The surgical technique proved to be safe and effective. Microscopic nests of pituitary cells in the sella turcica may be responsible for residual corticotropic response to hypophysiotropic stimulation after hypophysectomy.
Clinical Relevance — The surgical technique may be used in the treatment of dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The corticotropic response is the most sensitive criterion in assessing completeness of hypophysectomy in dogs.  相似文献   

Verenigingsnieuws     

Dr. J. C. Zadoks 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1961,67(6):566-569

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Effect of Cloprostenol Treatment at Artificial Insemination on Sow Fertility     

RN Kirkwood  F De Rensis  P Silva  M Gherpelli  B Alegre  JC Dominguez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(1):26-28

In two experiments, we examined the effect of administration of cloprostenol at artificial insemination on fertility of multiparous sows. Lactation length was 21 days and only sows exhibiting estrus by 7 days after weaning were included. Cloprostenol was administered by IM injection (175 microg; n=126) or supplemented in the semen dose (525 microg; n=129). Control sows (n=130) received no hormone. In either experiment, there was no effect of any treatment on subsequent litter sizes. In experiment 1, there was no effect of treatment on farrowing rate, but in experiment 2, farrowing rate was higher (p < 0.05) in sows receiving cloprostenol by injection. Taken together, these results indicate no consistent effect of cloprostenol administration by intramuscular injection or by inclusion in the semen dose on sow fertility and so its routine use is not warranted.  相似文献   

DYNAMIC HELICAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND IN HEALTHY DOGS     

ROSELINDA H. van der VLUGT-MEIJER  BJÖRN P. MEIJ  GEORGE VOORHOUT 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2007,48(2):118-124

Dynamic helical computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary gland can be used to image the three-dimensional shape and dimensions of abnormalities within the pituitary gland. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for dynamic helical CT of the pituitary gland in healthy dogs as a future reference study for patients with pituitary disease. Dynamic helical series of nine scans of the pituitary gland during and following contrast medium injection were performed in six healthy dogs using the following protocols: a series with 1 mm collimation and a table feed per X-ray tube rotation of 2 mm (pitch of 2) in six dogs, a series with 2 mm collimation and pitch of 2 in three dogs, and a series with 1 mm collimation and pitch of 1 in three other dogs. Multiplanar reconstructions of the images were made using a reconstruction index of 0.5. Images of all series were assessed visually for enhancement of the arteries, the neurohypophysis, and the adenohypophysis. The enhancement pattern of the neurohypophysis was distinguished adequately from that of the adenohypophysis in five dogs that were scanned with 1 mm collimation and pitch of 2, but the difference was less discernable when the other protocols were used. The carotid artery, its trifurcation, and the arterial cerebral circle were best visualized in dorsal reconstructions. Dynamic helical CT of the pituitary gland in healthy dogs can be performed with 1 mm collimation and pitch of 2, and a scan length that includes the entire pituitary region. Using this protocol, with the specific scanner used, the neurohypophysis, the adenohypophysis, and the surrounding vascular structures are adequately visualized.  相似文献   

Possible hazards to wild plants of growing transgenic plants. A contribution to risk analysis     

A. Evenhuis  J. C. Zadoks 《Euphytica》1991,55(1):81-84

Summary Genetic manipulation resulting in transgenic plants may cause hazards to the wild flora. Some of these hazards can be listed and a few quantified. To do this, all links in the chain of possible undesirable events have to be identified. The paper discusses some methodological issues. The methodology may lead us to predict some undesirable events and their probability but cannot help us to differentiate the undesirable from the acceptable. That decision must result from political consensus which should be based on informed opinion.  相似文献   

Heifer and CNS mastitis     

De Vliegher S  Zadoks RN  Barkema HW 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,134(1-2):1-2

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Laser control of chemical reactions     

RN Zare 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5358):1875-1879

Experiments show how product pathways can be controlled by irradiation with one or more laser beams during individual bimolecular collisions or during unimolecular decompositions. For bimolecular collisions, control has been achieved by selective excitation of reagent vibrational modes, by control of reagent approach geometry, and by control of orbital alignment. For unimolecular reactions, control has been achieved by quantum interference between different reaction pathways connecting the same initial and final states and by adjusting the temporal shape and spectral content of ultrashort, chirped pulses of radiation. These collision-control experiments deeply enrich the understanding of how chemical reactions occur.  相似文献