Editorial announcement     

G. C. Maan  J. C. Zadoks 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(1):2-2

Editorial announcement  相似文献   

Book review     

J. C. Zadoks 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(1):35-36

  相似文献   

Life-table analysis of faba bean rust     

I. Sache  J. C. Zadoks 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(4):431-439

In controlled near-optimum conditions (18 °C), monocyclic sporulation capacity and spore infection efficiency were assessed for faba bean rust on the first and second leaves of field bean. After a latency period of 8–10 days, lesions sporulated duringc. 50 days. Spore production on the second leaf,c. 9×10⁴ spores per lesion, was two times as high as spore production on the first leaf. Infection efficiency was similar for both leaf layers, with a mean value of 0.11 lesion per inoculated spore. Infection efficiency decreased strongly when spores originated from mother lesions older than 20 days. Three life-table statistics (the net reproduction numberR _o , the mean generation timeT _g , and the maximum relative growth rater _max ) were calculated.R _o was larger andT _g was longer for the second than for the first leaf, butr _max was nearly the same for both leaf layers (0.31–0.33 day^–1).r _max was compared with the exponential growth rater measured in a field experiment. From the difference between the two rates, the fraction of inoculum lost in field conditions was estimated at 0.54–0.94. The life-table statistics were also compared to those of other legume rusts, and implications of life-table analysis for comparative epidemiology were discussed.  相似文献   

Use of molecular epidemiology in veterinary practice.     

Ruth N Zadoks  Ynte H Schukken 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2006,22(1):229-261

Molecular epidemiology is a relatively new branch of epidemiology that uses molecular biology methods to study health and disease in populations. This article gives an introduction to molecular epidemiologic terminology and methodology and its usefulness in large animal medicine and veterinary public health. Applications in source tracing and vaccine studies and insights into transmission dynamics, host specificity, and niche adaptation of infectious organisms are presented. Examples are drawn from a variety of diseases, organisms, and host species and range from the global level to the individual-animal level.  相似文献   

Development of a stochastic spore germination model     

S. P. Eisensmith  R. Rabbinge  J. C. Zadoks 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1985,91(3):137-150

The concept of dose/response with logarithm of time being the dose and percent germination the response is introduced into a parallel box car model, where each spore in a population passes through its own box during its change from an ungerminated to a germinated state. Population behaviour is modelled by simulating the quantal responses of each of its members as stochastic random variables. Waiting times until germination were generated using the normal, lognormal, gamma, and exponential distributions in a computer simulation program. Good agreement with observed germination of five fungal pathogens was obtained. Methods are discussed pertaining to hypothesis testing concerning the role individuals contribute to the behaviour of the population as a whole. Two methods of handling changing temperatures are examined. Effects of inoculum density, infection efficiency, and variable temperature were incorporated into the simulation program. The stochastic model using parallel boxes offers an alternative to deterministic serial box car models which are used to mimic dispersion in time during development.Samenvatting Het concept van dosis/response met de logaritme van tijd als de dosis en het percentage gekiemde sporen als response is geïntroduceerd in een model met parallelle boxcars, waarbij iedere spore zijn eigen boxcar bezit bij de overgang van de ongekiemde naar de gekiemde toestand. Het populatiegedrag is gemodelleerd door de kwantale responsie van iedere spore als stochastische variabele te hanteren. Wachttijden tot kieming werd gegenereerd uit de normaal, lognormaal, gamma en exponentiële verdeling die in het computerprogramma aanwezig waren. Er werd goede overeenkomst gevonden tussen gesimuleerde en waargenomen kieming bij een reeks van vijf pathogene schimmels. Verschillende hypothesen over de rol van individuele sporen voor het gedrag van het totaal werden getoetst en het effect van variabele temperatuur, inoculumdichtheid en infectie-efficiëntie werd nagegaan. Het stochastische model met parallelle boxcars is een goed alternatief voor de boxcars die in serie zijn geplaatst teneinde dispersie in tijd of ruimte na te bootsen, wanneer er verschillen in reactie tussen individuele sporen bestaan.  相似文献   

Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of antimicrobial resistance in enteric Escherichia coli communities isolated from finisher pigs in Australia          下载免费PDF全文

MG Smith  D Jordan  JS Gibson  RN Cobbold  TA Chapman  S Abraham  DJ Trott 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(10):371-376

  相似文献   

River restoration: report of a major EU Life demonstration project     

MOGENS BJ RN NIELSEN 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1996,6(3):187-190

1. In 1993 the EU Life Programme granted funds to establish a demonstration project on river and catchment restoration. The aim is to improve understanding of ecosystem diversity, the impact on biodiversity of human activities, and the restoration of natural functions and biodiversity. The total cost of the project will be approximately £5 m up to the beginning of 1997. 2. The demonstration project covers three different types of rivers and geology in the UK and Denmark. The three damaged rivers and their floodplains have been restored on stretches of several kilometres. 3. A comprehensive monitoring programme has been set up to examine the physical, chemical and biological effects of restoration for integrated catchment management, nature conservation, water quality, river hydrology, flood prevention and amenity. 4. The project will also produce reports, videos, a river restoration handbook and other material on the development, implementation and results of the project. An EU network of contacts with organizations, river managers and others with interests in river restoration will be established.  相似文献   

Low prevalence of antimicrobial resistant organisms (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus,extended beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae,and vancomycin resistant enterococci) in bulk tank milk in New South Wales,Australia     

S Rowe  C Cunningham  L Ingenhoff  JM Norris  RN Zadoks 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(9):339-344

  相似文献   

Molecular Diagnostics Applied to Mastitis Problems on Dairy Farms     

Abhijit Gurjar  Gloria Gioia  Ynte Schukken  Frank Welcome  Ruth Zadoks  Paolo Moroni 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2012

  相似文献   

Energy Expenditure in 104 Postoperative and Traumatically Injured Dogs with Indirect Calorimetry     

Ronald S. Walton DVM  Wayne E. Wingfield MS  DVM  Gregory K. Ogilvie DVM  Martin J. Fettman DVM  Ph.D.  Vicki L. Matteson RN 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1996,6(2):71-79

Apparent restihg energy expenditure (AREE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were determined by open flow indirect calorimetry in a group of 104 apparently resting, critically ill, postoperative and severely traumatized dogs. The evaluations were conducted in a calm, temperature-controlled environment after at least a 12-hour fast. Subjects were allowed to acclimilate to the monitoring equipment prior to beginning the study. The clinical patients were compared to a group of 20 clinically normal, apparently resting, client owned dogs (NC). The data was also compared to published normals (NP) for energy expenditure of apparently resting dogs. Measurements were indexed to actual body weight in kilograms (BW) as well as to metabolic body size(BW^0.75). Measurements of VO₂ (VO₂/kg and VO₂/kg^0.75) and VCO₂ (VCO₂/kg and VCO₂/kg^0.75) were used to calculate the RQ and the AREE. Critically ill, postperative and severely lower RQ values AREE/kg or AREE/kg^0.75 (p=0.39). The PO&T dogs did exhibit significantly lower RQ values (p<0.0001) than either the (NC) or (NP) groups. Measured AREE of the PO&T dogs was significantly less than a calcualted value using the illness/injury/infection energy requirement (IER), (p<0.0001). Energy expenditure in typical trauma and postoperative patients may commonly be overstimated by the IER method. Conclusion: The AREE of critically ill, postoperative and severly trumatized dogs was not higher than healthy dogs as has been previously suggested in the literature.  相似文献