Stress Fractures of the Acetabulum in 26 Racing Greyhounds     

KIRK WENDELBURG DVM  JON DEE  DVM  MS  DipiomateACVS    ROBERT KADERLY DVM  PhD  DipiomateACVS    LARRY DEE DVM  RICHARD EATON-WELLS BVSC 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(3):128-134

Acetabular fractures in 26 racing Greyhounds were reviewed. All fractures occurred during racing or training and were unrelated to any external trauma. All fractures had similar configurations, were minimally displaced, and involved only the acetabulum. Affected dogs were young (16-36 months). Fractures occurred unilaterally (22 dogs) and bilaterally (4 dogs). There was no sex predilection, and both right and left sides were equally represented. Bilateral fractures were associated with retraining between the occurrence of the first and second fractures. Radiographically, a fracture line was consistently visible in the caudal third of the acetabulum. Fractures in gross specimens resembled an inverted "Y." Results of histologic evaluation of two fractured acetabula showed changes characteristic of a nonunion fracture. Microfractures were evident in the grossly normal acetabulum opposite the fractured side. Evidence obtained from this study suggests a common pathogenesis of the fractures related to tremendous repetitive stresses produced during running. Greyhounds with unilateral acetabular fractures may provide a reproducible model for future studies of stress fractures in animals and humans because of the high incidence of bilateral fractures that develop during retraining. Surgical repair of the acetabular stress fracture was more successful than conservative management in returning the dogs to competitive racing.  相似文献   

樱桃矮化砧木''吉塞拉6号''基因转化体系的建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘庆忠  艾呈祥  张力思  魏海蓉  赵彦  罗伯特·戴维斯  韩振海 《园艺学报》2008,35(3)

采用'吉塞拉6号'甜樱桃矮化砧木(Prunus cerasus×P. canescens)离体叶片外植体,在再生培养基附加生长素的条件下通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)EHA105(p35SGUS intron)介导研究了β-葡萄糖醛酸酶基因(GUS)的瞬时表达、稳定表达和转基因植株再生,证明了培养基中生长素(IBA或NAA)的存在可促进基因转化,转化效率比对照提高2倍以上.将500个叶片外植体与EHA105(p35SGUS intron)株系在含有生长素的培养基中共培养,获得了11个转基因株系.采用PCR分析和Southern Blotting核酸杂交,确定GUS基因已整合到矮化砧木'吉塞拉6号'植株的染色体上.组织化学染色确定了GUS基因在植株体内的表达.  相似文献   

A Roundup on Regional Development What the Literature Holds for the Practicing Regional Analyst     

ROBERT B. WILLIAMSON 《Growth and change》1971,2(1):3-4

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COMPARISON OF FLAT-PANEL DIGITAL TO CONVENTIONAL FILM-SCREEN RADIOGRAPHY IN DETECTION OF EXPERIMENTALLY CREATED LESIONS OF THE EQUINE THIRD METACARPAL BONE     

VALERIE J. MOORMAN  JOHN F. MARSHALL  DUSTIN V. DEVINE  MARK PAYTON  HENRY W. JANN  ROBERT BAHR 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(6):577-583

Radiographic diagnosis of equine bone disease using digital radiography is prevalent in veterinary practice. However, the diagnostic quality of digital vs. conventional radiography has not been compared systematically. We hypothesized that digital radiography would be superior to film-screen radiography for detection of subtle lesions of the equine third metacarpal bone. Twenty-four third metacarpal bones were collected from horses euthanized for reasons other than orthopedic disease. Bones were dissected free of soft tissue and computed tomography was performed to ensure that no osseous abnormalities were present. Subtle osseous lesions were produced in the dorsal cortex of the third metacarpal bones, and the bones were radiographed in a soft tissue phantom using indirect digital and conventional radiography at standard exposures. Digital radiographs were printed onto film. Three Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Radiology evaluated the radiographs for the presence or absence of a lesion. Receiver operator characteristic curves were constructed, and the area under these curves were compared to assess the ability of the digital and film-screen radiographic systems to detect lesions. The area under the ROC curves for film-screen and digital radiography were 0.87 and 0.90, respectively ( P =0.59). We concluded that the digital radiographic system was comparable to the film-screen system for detection of subtle lesions of the equine third metacarpal bone.  相似文献   

Forecasting Regional Exports     

ROBERT B. WILLIAMSON 《Growth and change》1980,11(2):19-25

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Florida's Experiment in Land Use Management     

ROBERT D. THOMAS 《Growth and change》1975,6(2):29-35

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Influence of Alachlor and Two Experimental Herbicides on Bud Break, Terminal Growth and Root Development of Cranberry Cuttings     

I. E. DEMORANVILLE and  ROBERT M. DEVLIN 《Weed Research》1971,11(4):310-313

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Interannual and interdecadal variability in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) diets in relation to environmental changes in the northern California Current     

RICHARD D. BRODEUR  ELIZABETH A. DALY  ROBERT A. SCHABETSBERGER  KATHRYN L. MIER 《Fisheries Oceanography》2007,16(5):395-408

The feeding habits of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in the northern California Current were examined using samples from two different time periods (1980–85 and 1998–2003) of highly contrasting oceanographic conditions. The goal was to test the influence of interannual and interdecadal changes in taxonomic composition of prey, feeding intensity, and size spectra of teleost prey. Analyses were done for samples taken both early in the summer (June) shortly after the salmon enter the ocean, and also in late summer (September) following some ocean residency. Fish prey dominated coho salmon diets by weight during most years, but this trend was more pronounced during the 1980–85 sampling period. In terms of numerical composition, the diets were more variable on an interannual basis, but decapod larvae and euphausiids were important prey in most years. Pteropods and copepods were important prey during weak upwelling or El Niño years, whereas euphausiids were important during strong upwelling or otherwise highly productive years. Hyperiid amphipods comprised a substantial proportion of the diets only in 2000. Coho salmon showed highly significant differences in prey composition among years or between decades both in weight and numerical composition. The percentage of empty stomachs was highly variable by year in both June and September, but was significantly different only for September between decades. In contrast, an index of feeding intensity did not show many significant changes in either comparison. However, the relative size ratios for fish prey consumed were highly variable by year, and larger than average fish prey were consumed during 1998, leading to the highest feeding intensity observed.  相似文献   

Reduced herbicide doses in field crops: A review   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

ROBERT E. BLACKSHAW  JOHN T. O'DONOVAN  K. NEIL HARKER  GEORGE W. CLAYTON  ROBERT N. STOUGAARD 《Weed Biology and Management》2006,6(1):10-17

Farmers are becoming increasingly interested in more comprehensive weed management programs that reduce weed populations over time and in the use of reduced herbicide doses that lower their production costs. Research indicates that there is good potential to reduce the number of herbicide applications and utilize lower herbicide doses within competitive cropping systems. Diverse crop rotations, competitive cultivars, higher crop seed rates, reduced row spacing, specific fertilizer placement, and cover crops have been identified as integral components of competitive cropping systems. This review paper explores the potential for successful use of reduced herbicide doses within competitive cropping systems that have a multiyear approach to weed management. The utilization of decision support systems or new methods of assessing active weed growth are discussed in light of further enhancing the successful use of reduced herbicide doses and advising farmers on when (and when not) they might be a viable option.  相似文献   

Tenoscopic Anatomy of the Equine Carpal Flexor Synovial Sheath     

LOUISE L. SOUTHWOOD BVSC    TED S. STASHAK DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  ROBERT A. KAINER DVM  MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(2):150-157

Objective —To describe the tenoscopic anatomy of the carpal sheath of the flexor tendons (carpal sheath) viewed from a lateral approach.
Study Design —Tenoscopic observation of structures within the carpal sheath subsequently confirmed by dissection.
Animals or Sample Population—12 equine cadaveric forelimbs.
Methods —The limbs were positioned lateral side up with the carpus slightly flexed. After distention of the carpal sheath, a portal for the arthroscope was made approximately 3 cm proximal to the distal radial physis and 2.5 cm caudal to the radius between the tendons of the ulnaris lateralis and lateral digital extensor muscles.
Results —A lateral tenoscopic approach was adequate to identify all structures within the carpal sheath. From proximal to distal, structures identified using this approach were the radial head of the deep digital flexor muscle, accessory ligament of the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle, distal radial physis, tendons of the superficial and deep digital flexor muscles, accessory carpal bone, antebrachiocarpal and middle carpal joints, and vincula of the tendon of the deep digital flexor muscle.
Conclusions —A lateral tenoscopic approach offered an easy, repeatable entry into the carpal sheath and allowed good observation of all structures within the sheath except for the medial borders of the tendons of the deep and superficial digital flexor muscles.
Clinical Relevance —Applications of a lateral tenoscopic approach to the carpal sheath include diagnostic procedures, lavage and synovial resection for septic tenosynovitis, desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle for flexural deformity or tendinitis, and removal of osteochondromas from the distal radial metaphysis.  相似文献