Corpus Luteum–Endometrium–Embryo Interactions in the Dairy Cow: Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance     

RS Robinson  AJ Hammond  DC Wathes  MG Hunter  GE Mann 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(S2):104-112

Conception rates of dairy cows are currently declining at an estimated 1% every year. Approximately, 35% of embryos fail to prevent luteolysis during the first three weeks of gestation. Interactions between the corpus luteum, endometrium and embryo are critical to the successful establishment of pregnancy and inadequacies will result in the mortality of the embryo. For example, as little as a one day delay in the post-ovulatory rise of progesterone has serious consequences for embryo development and survival. Recently, we found that LH support, degree of vascularization and luteal cell steroidogenic capacity were not the major factors responsible for this luteal inadequacy, but are nevertheless essential for luteal development and function. Progesterone acting on its receptor in the endometrium stimulates the production of endometrial secretions on which the free-living embryo is dependent. However, their exact composition and effects of inadequate progesterone remains to be determined. The embryo is recognized through its secretion of interferon tau (IFNT), which suppresses luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F_2α. In the cow, it is most likely that IFNT inhibits oxytocin receptor up-regulation directly and does not require the prior inhibition of oestrogen receptor α (ESR1). Unravelling the precise luteal-endometrium and embryo interactions is essential for us to understand pregnancy establishment and development of strategies to reverse the declining fertility of dairy cows.  相似文献   

Comparison of intradermal testing and serum testing for allergen-specific IgE using monoclonal IgE antibodies in 84 atopic dogs     

RS MUELLER  A. BURROWS  J. TSOHALIS 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(5):290-294

OBJECTIVE: To compare an ELISA measuring serum allergen-specific IgE with intradermal skin testing in canine atopic dermatitis. PROCEDURE: Eighty-four dogs with the clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis underwent intradermal skin testing and serum testing for allergen-specific IgE. Tests were performed in a blinded fashion. Positive reactions were compared and the sensitivity and specificity of the serum test (using intradermal skin test as the standard) were determined overall and for individual allergen groups (grass pollens, weed pollens, tree pollens, house dust mites and fleas). RESULTS: The sensitivity of the ELISA overall was 90.4%. Evaluating the individual allergen groups, the sensitivity for dust mite hypersensitivity was 95.1%, for fleas 85.4%, for tree pollens 84.3%, for grass pollens 95.1% and for weed pollens 96.4%. The specificity was 91.6% overall, for dust mites 96.3%, for fleas 92.7%, for tree pollens 95.2%, for grass pollens 94% and for weed pollens 80.7%. CONCLUSION: The evaluated ELISA seemed reliable for the diagnosis of atopy in practice and can be recommended as a screening test prior to intradermal skin testing or for use in dogs when immunotherapy is not a therapeutic option.  相似文献   

Pollutants of the Guaribas river water and their toxicogenic effects     

Jo&#;o M. C. e Sousa  Vitor A. de Oliveira  Ana P. Peron  Ata&#;de M. V. Lima  Ila B. S. Sales  Felipe C. C. da Silva  Leonardo H. G. M. Lima  Leom&#; A. Matos  Marcus V. O. B. de Alencar  Luzia C. Rodrigues  Manik C. Shill  Muhammad T. Islam  Ana Am&#;lia C. Melo-Cavalcante  Cl&#;udia C. Bonecker  Hor&#;cio F. J. Junior 《International Aquatic Research》2019,11(1):99-112

Tropical rivers used for water supply, irrigation and tourism have effects on anthropic activities. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of different pollutants in the aquatic environment of the Guaribas river water and their possible cytogenotoxic effects. For this, the presence of heavy metals and cyanobacteria along with the possible cytogenotoxic effects in the aquatic environment were evaluated at the city of Picos-PI/Brazil, of its upstream, within and downstream regions. The results suggest that the electrical conductivity, total dissolved oxygen and solids, turbidity, color, chlorine and total phosphorus were above the allowed levels by the country’s legislation, especially at the points associated with the main city. Water collected from the within and downstream regions showed a significant cytotoxic and mutagenic effects, regardless of seasons, where a positive correlation was observed between the genetic damage and heavy metal contents. Furthermore, mutagenic cyanotoxins were also found in the samples. These results pointed out that the Guaribas river contains physical and chemical contaminants, and cyanotoxins, that can cause genetic damages, suggesting a bad impact on the aquatic ecosystem, human and other animals directly or indirectly dependent on it. In conclusion, adequate attention is required to establish toxicogenic biomonitoring programs for the other tropical rivers in Brazil.  相似文献   

Preoperative factors associated with hypotension in young anaesthetised dogs undergoing elective desexing          下载免费PDF全文

RS Costa  AL Raisis  G Hosgood  GC Musk 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(4):99-104

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A survey of farmers'' attitudes to services provided by consulting veterinarians to the Western Australian sheep industry     

HM CHAPMAN  RS COPLAND†  RA SWAN  ID ROBERTSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(6):196-198

A postal survey was conducted of 80 sheep farmers in the Kojonup and Esperance districts of Western Australia to establish what they wanted from a veterinary service. Twenty five of the farmers surveyed used a sheep consultant, 25 did not, and 30 were interested in employing one. Farmers were asked questions about themselves and their attitudes to private veterinarians who provide specialist services to sheep farmers. Data reported here showed that farmers wanted a veterinarian who lived in the district, was well trained in sheep management and production, was enthusiastic and had good communication skills. The service provided should be whole-farm and available to members of the consultant's group only. Regular newsletters and field days were necessary, but the provision of contract services, such as mulesing, lamb-marking, drenching, pregnancy testing and sheep classing, and 'fire-brigade' services for sick animals, were not rated as important. Most farmers were unwilling or unable to give a dollar value for the likely benefits of a consultancy service. Non-financial benefits included keeping farmers up to date with new technical developments and information. The survey also showed that a veterinarian specialising in services to sheep farmers could be confident of employment.  相似文献   

The efficacy of ivermectin topically applied to cattle for control of adult buffalo flies (Haematobia irritans exigua)     

A. MACQUEEN  RS TOZER  JS EAGLESON 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(5):195-196

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Cutaneous lymphosarcoma in a sugar glider     

I. HOUGH  RE REUTER  RS RAHALEY  C. BELFORD  R. MILLER  G. MITCHELL 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(4):93-94

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Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cell‐Like Cells and Preimplantation Embryos Exhibit Comparable Expression of Pluripotency‐Related Antigens     

T Anand  D Kumar  MK Singh  RA Shah  MS Chauhan  RS Manik  SK Singla  P Palta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):50-58

In this study, inner cell mass (ICM) cells were isolated from in vitro produced buffalo blastocysts and were cultured on mitomycin‐C treated buffalo foetal fibroblast feeder layer for producing embryonic stem (ES) cells. Among different sources (hatched vs expanded blastocysts) or methods (enzymatic vs mechanical), mechanical isolation of ICM from hatched blastocysts resulted in the highest primary colony formation rate and the maximum passage number up to which ES cells survived. Putative ES cells expressed alkaline phosphatase and exhibited a normal karyotype up to passage 7. Putative ES cells and embryos at 2‐ to 4‐cell, 8‐ to 16‐cell, morula and blastocyst stages strongly expressed stage‐specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)‐4 but lacked expressions of SSEA‐1 and SSEA‐3. Putative ES cells also expressed tumour rejection antigen (TRA)‐1‐60, TRA‐1‐81 and Oct4. Whereas in all early embryonic stages, TRA‐1‐60 was observed only in the periplasmic space, and TRA‐1‐81 expression was observed as small spots at a few places inside the embryos, both these markers were expressed by ICM. Oct4 expression, which was observed at all the embryonic stages and also in the trophectoderm, was the strongest in the ICM. Buffalo putative ES cells possess a unique pluripotency‐related surface antigen phenotype, which resembles that of the ICM.  相似文献   

Effect of different pre-sowing treatments on seed germination percentage and growth performance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia auriculiformis</Emphasis>     

Md.Salim Azad  Mizanur Rahman Manik  Md.Shamin Hasan  Md.Abdul Matin 《林业研究》2011,22(2):183-188

Seed morphology, germination and seedlings growth of Acacia auriculiformis were studied. The experiment was conducted in the nursery of Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Matured seeds of the species were collected from healthy trees of road side plantation from different areas of Khulna District, Bangladesh and treated with five pre-sowing treatments (control, immersion in cold water, immersion in hot water, scarification with sand paper and immersion in concentrated H₂SO₄). The average length, breadth and thickness were found to be (0.58±0.017) cm, (0.44±0.007) cm and (0.20±0.089) cm, respectively. Germination was conducted in polybags with a mixture of top soil, coconut husk, coarse sand, and fine sand in a ratio of 3:4:1:1. Results reveal that pre-sowing treatments influences the germination rates of seeds that significantly increase the percentage germination compared with those in control (43%) and cold water treatment (52%). The highest germination success rate was found 83% in hot water treatment followed by 78% in scarification with sand paper, and 75% with immersion in H₂SO₄. Germination started from 7 to 12 days and completed between 28 and 35 days period in all treatments. ANOVA showed the significant difference (p<0.05) among the treatments in seed germination, but no significant difference among treatment with regard to starting day, closing day and total germination period. In case of height and diameter growth, seedlings originated from the seeds with hot water treatment shows significantly higher in wet season (from May to July). Hot water treatment can be recommended on seed germination of the species in rural Bangladesh.  相似文献   

Transient hyperglycaemia in a prediabetic dog treated with prednisone and cyclosporin A   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

SC Murray  A Gasser  RS Hess 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(9):352-355

A dog with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia developed transient hyperglycaemia and glucosuria requiring insulin therapy in association with prednisone and cyclosporin A therapy. Following short-term therapy with insulin and cyclosporin A, the dog remained on prednisone therapy but required no further insulin therapy for 12 weeks, at which time the dog became permanently diabetic. We hypothesise that prednisone and cyclosporin A contributed to insulin resistance in a prediabetic dog with suboptimal endogenous insulin concentration and that the degree of insulin resistance decreased when cyclosporin A therapy was discontinued.  相似文献