Increased Antioxidant Content in Juice Enriched with Dried Extract of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel     

Mastrodi Salgado J  Baroni Ferreira TR  de Oliveira Biazotto F  Dos Santos Dias CT 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(1):39-43

Antioxidants are compounds responsible for free radical scavenging in the body. They protect the organism from oxidative modification of cells and tissues. These modifications have been associated with degenerative diseases, atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis. Punica granatum displays high antioxidant potential due to the presence of phenolic compounds, which are capable of disease prevention. The present study showed the highest antioxidant activity in pomegranate peel than in seeds and pulp. Based on these results, pomegranate peel was used to produce dried extract that was added to commercial tomato juice and orange juice with strawberries. Analysis to determine the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was performed on pomegranate pulp, seeds and peel and in juices enriched with dried extract of pomegranate peel. The dried extract was responsible for a significant increase in antioxidant activity of the juices, proportional to the concentrations added. However, although both flavors of enriched juices displayed high antioxidant levels, the samples with higher dried extract concentrations received the lowest scores from sensory analysis participants due to the characteristic astringent flavor of pomegranate peels. Therefore, to obtain greater acceptance in the consumer market, we concluded that the maximum addition of dried pomegranate peel extract is 0.5% in tomato juice and orange juice with strawberries.  相似文献   

Tub gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna L.: a new fish species suitable for farming? First answers evaluating the growth of juveniles reared at different stocking densities,welfare and fillet quality     

Alessandra Roncarati  Mariasilvia D'Andrea  Fabio Pilla  Alberto Felici  Paolo Melotti 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(7):1140-1151

A trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and survival of Chelidonichthys lucerna. A total of 13 352 180‐days old juveniles (5.5 ± 2 g; 5 ± 1 cm) were reared at two different densities (A‐EXP = 68 fish m^?3; B‐FFA = 15 fish m^?3) in eight tanks (four tanks per group) for 360 days. The welfare status and meat quality of fish were evaluated for the A‐EXP and B‐FFA groups in comparison with wild‐caught fishery gurnard (C‐WID). The survival rate was high for both A‐EXP (79%) and B‐FFA (93.5%). B‐FFA fish had the highest specific growth rate (1.16 vs. 1.07; P < 0.05), and were heavier than A‐EXP fish (321 ± 40 g vs .239 ± 44 g; P < 0.01). Rearing conditions did not affect blood metabolites, except for glucose concentrations, which were higher in C‐WID (P < 0.05). The meat quality traits showed that reared groups were fatter (2.8–3.2%) than C‐WID (0.94%); total n‐3 fatty acids (19.02–19.26%) were lower in reared groups than C‐WID (29.99%); and EPA + DHA were similar in all groups (15.1–16.61% vs. 27.99%). Despite the good growth and survival, the final mean weight was below that requested by the market (400–500 g). Future research efforts should focus on reducing the feed conversion rate (3:1).  相似文献   

“We like insects here”: entomophagy and society in a Zambian village     

Valerie J. Stull  Mukata Wamulume  Mwangala I. Mwalukanga  Alisad Banda  Rachel S. Bergmans  Michael M. Bell 《Agriculture and Human Values》2018,35(4):867-883

Entomophagy—the practice of eating insects—has been touted as a means to combat undernutrition and food insecurity globally. Insects offer a nutritious, environmentally friendly alternative to resource-intensive livestock. But the benefits of edible insects cannot be realized if people do not choose to eat them. We therefore examine the social acceptability of edible insects in rural Zambia, where entomophagy is common but underexplored. Through a village case study, we show that edible insects are not valued equally, are understood socially, and seem to reflect and reinforce social values. We utilize grounded theory and ethnographic methods, including semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and observation to examine collective entomophagy beliefs. While we expected to see differentiation in perceptions across groups based on kinship, we demonstrate that social values related to class, urbanism, gender, and age emerge as more germane explanations for entomophagy perceptions, reflecting their social weight. By expanding on current apperception of entomophagy behavior, our findings inform future research and efforts to promote entomophagy through minilivestock farming. Systems designed to maximize output, minimize labor, and highlight benefits are more likely to be widely accepted. We do not anticipate tribal association will be the primary limitation on minilivestock adoption in this context.  相似文献   

Effects of constant rate infusions of dexmedetomidine or MK-467 on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs     

Rachel C. Hector  Marlis L. Rezende  Khursheed R. Mama  Eugene P. Steffey  Heather K. Knych  Ann M. Hess  Juhana M. Honkavaara  Marja R. Raekallio  Outi M. Vainio 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):755-765

Objective

To determine the effects of low and high dose infusions of dexmedetomidine and a peripheral α₂-adrenoceptor antagonist, MK-467, on sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in dogs.

Study design

Crossover experimental study.

Animals

Six healthy, adult Beagle dogs weighing 12.6 ± 0.9 kg (mean ± standard deviation).

Methods

Dogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen. After a 60-minute instrumentation and equilibration period, the MAC of sevoflurane was determined in triplicate using the tail clamp technique. PaCO₂ and temperature were maintained at 40 ± 5 mmHg (5.3 ± 0.7 kPa) and 38 ± 0.5 ºC, respectively. After baseline MAC determination, dogs were administered two incremental loading and infusion doses of either dexmedetomidine (1.5 μg kg^?1 then 1.5 μg kg^?1 hour^?1 and 4.5 μg kg^?1 then 4.5 μg kg^?1 hour^?1) or MK-467 (90 μg kg^?1 then 90 μg kg^?1 hour^?1 and 180 μg kg^?1 then 180 μg kg^?1 hour^?1); loading doses were administered over 10 minutes. MAC was redetermined in duplicate starting 30 minutes after the start of drug administration at each dose. End-tidal sevoflurane concentrations were corrected for calibration and adjusted to sea level. A repeated-measures analysis was performed and comparisons between doses were conducted using Tukey's method. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.

Results

Sevoflurane MAC decreased significantly from 1.86 ± 0.3% to 1.04 ± 0.1% and 0.57 ± 0.1% with incremental doses of dexmedetomidine. Sevoflurane MAC significantly increased with high dose MK-467, from 1.93 ± 0.3% to 2.29 ± 0.5%.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Dexmedetomidine caused a dose-dependent decrease in sevoflurane MAC, whereas MK-467 caused an increase in MAC at the higher infusion dose. Further studies evaluating the combined effects of dexmedetomidine and MK-467 on MAC and cardiovascular function may elucidate potential benefits of the addition of a peripheral α₂-adrenergic antagonist to inhalation anesthesia in dogs.  相似文献   

Potential enhancement of degradation of the nematicides aldicarb,oxamyl and fosthiazate in UK agricultural soils through repeated applications     

Rachel K Osborn  Simon G Edwards  Andrew Wilcox  Patrick PJ Haydock 《Pest management science》2010,66(3):253-261

BACKGROUND: The potential for enhanced degradation of the carbamoyloxime nematicides aldicarb and oxamyl and the organophosphate fosthiazate was investigated in 35 UK agricultural soils. Under laboratory conditions, soil samples received three successive applications of nematicide at 25 day intervals. RESULTS: The second and third applications of aldicarb were degraded at a faster rate than the first application in six of the 15 aldicarb‐treated soils, and a further three soils demonstrated rapid degradation of all three applications. High organic matter content and low pH had an inhibitory effect on the rate of aldicarb degradation. Rapid degradation was observed in nine out of the ten soils treated with oxamyl. In contrast, none of the fosthiazate‐treated soils demonstrated enhanced degradation. CONCLUSION: The potential for enhanced degradation of aldicarb and oxamyl was demonstrated in nine out of 15 and nine out of ten soils respectively that had previously been treated with these active substances. Degradation of fosthiazate occurred at a much slower rate, with no evidence of enhanced degradation. Fosthiazate may provide a useful alternative in cases where the efficacy of aldicarb and oxamyl has been reduced as a result of enhanced degradation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Innate Immunology of Bovine Respiratory Disease     

Mark R. Ackermann  Rachel Derscheid  James A. Roth 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2010

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Motor control by sensory cortex     

Matyas F  Sreenivasan V  Marbach F  Wacongne C  Barsy B  Mateo C  Aronoff R  Petersen CC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6008):1240-1243

Classical studies of mammalian movement control define a prominent role for the primary motor cortex. Investigating the mouse whisker system, we found an additional and equally direct pathway for cortical motor control driven by the primary somatosensory cortex. Whereas activity in primary motor cortex directly evokes exploratory whisker protraction, primary somatosensory cortex directly drives whisker retraction, providing a rapid negative feedback signal for sensorimotor integration. Motor control by sensory cortex suggests the need to reevaluate the functional organization of cortical maps.  相似文献   

Effects of temperature variations and light exposure on the time to growth of dermatophytes using six different fungal culture media inoculated with laboratory strains and samples obtained from infected cats     

Moriello KA  Verbrugge MJ  Kesting RA 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(12):988-990

In this study, 5/6 commercially available fungal culture media were comparable with respect to first growth, first colour change, and first sporulation when inoculated with three strains of Microsporum canis, one strain of Microsporum gypseum, and one strain of Trichophyton species when incubated at either 25°C or 30°C. Five of six plates showed 100% growth at both temperatures. Five of six plates showed 100% growth when inoculated with naturally infective M canis hairs and spores. One commercial product packaged as a self-sealing incubation plate showed growth in only 65.4% of times and the plates were prone to desiccation. M canis inoculated plates were incubated under four different light exposures (24h of light, 24h of dark, 12h light/12h dark, and room lighting) and no differences in growth or sporulation were noted.  相似文献   

Martin Dodge, Rob Kitchin, and Chris Perkins: The Map Reader: theories of mapping practice and cartographic representation     

Rachel Riemann 《Landscape Ecology》2013,28(8):1635-1636

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Efficacy of Hyperimmunized Plasma in the Treatment of Horses with Acute Colitis     

Rachel P. Atherton  Martin O. Furr  Harold C. McKenzie  Anne M. Desrochers 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(1):19-25

Colitis in the adult horse is a life-threatening clinical condition that can be caused by any of several enteric pathogens. This study was conducted to determine whether treating horses with plasma obtained from donors that were hyperimmunized against the common equine diarrheal pathogens Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella sp shortens the duration of diarrhea in acute colitis. To evaluate the efficacy of plasma treatment, 42 horses with acute onset of diarrhea were studied. Horses were enrolled if they were of age >1 year, duration of diarrhea at presentation was <72 hours, and they had not received equine plasma within the last 3 months. In addition, the serum cortisol concentrations of horses with acute diarrhea were studied.Horses were randomized to receive hyperimmunized plasma, control plasma (collected from nonimmunized horses), or no plasma therapy. Clinical parameters and fecal consistency were observed until resolution, discharge, or death, and complete blood counts (CBCs) and biochemical profiles were collected throughout the study. A total of 38 horses completed the study. The mean duration of diarrhea was 40.7 ± 9.8 (mean ± SEM) hours, 119.2 ± 56.1 hours, and 72.0 ± 24.5 hours for the hyperimmunized plasma, normal plasma (NP), and control groups, respectively. Using survival analysis techniques, this difference did not achieve statistical significance (P = .374). Serum cortisol was found to be increased in all horses at presentation and to decrease with time in all treatment groups. There was no difference in cortisol concentrations between the three treatment groups studied (P = .237).  相似文献