Alopecia areata universalis in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

Pedro J. Ginel  Beatriz Blanco  María Pérez‐Aranda  Rafael Zafra  Elena Mozos 《Veterinary dermatology》2015,26(5):379-e87

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SNP genetic polymorphisms of MDR-1, CYP1A2 and CYPB11 genes in four canine breeds upon toxicological evaluation     

Rosa Gagliardi  Silvia Llambí  M. Victoria Arruga 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(3):273-280

The fields of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have become increasingly promising regarding the clinical application of genetic data to aid in prevention of adverse reactions. Specific screening tests can predict which animals express modified proteins or genetic sequences responsible for adverse effects associated with a drug. Among the genetic variations that have been investigated in dogs, the multidrug resistance gene (MDR) is the best studied. However, other genes such as CYP1A2 and CYP2B11 control the protein syntheses involved in the metabolism of many drugs. In the present study, the MDR-1, CYP1A2 and CYP2B11 genes were examined to identify SNP polymorphisms associated with these genes in the following four canine breeds: Uruguayan Cimarron, Border Collie, Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd. The results revealed that several SNPs of the CYP1A2 and CYP2B11 genes are potential targets for drug sensitivity investigations.  相似文献   

Red blood cell storage lesion          下载免费PDF全文

Rafael Obrador LVS  DACVECC  Sarah Musulin DVM  DACVECC  Bernie Hansen DVM  MS  DACVECC  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2015,25(2):187-199

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Selective modification of clay minerals for the adsorption of herbicides widely used in olive groves     

Celis R  Trigo C  Facenda G  Hermosín Mdel C  Cornejo J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(16):6650-6658

Ground and surface water contamination by herbicides applied to olive groves in Spain and other Mediterranean countries is demanding strategies to prevent and remediate the environmental problems repeatedly caused by such herbicides. In this study, six different organic cations (L-carnitine, spermine, hexadimethrine, tyramine, phenyltrimethylammonium, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium) were incorporated into Na-rich Wyoming montmorillonite (SWy-2) and Ca-rich Arizona montmorillonite (SAz-1) at two different loadings (50% and 100% of the cation exchange capacity of the clays) as a strategy to enhance the affinity of the clay minerals for three herbicides widely used in olive groves: terbuthylazine, diuron, and MCPA. The modified montmorillonites were characterized and tested as adsorbents of the herbicides through batch adsorption tests. At the experimental conditions used, some of the modified montmorillonites removed more than 95% of the herbicide initially present in aqueous solution, whereas the unmodified clays removed less than 15%. All three herbicides displayed very strong affinities for SAz-1 exchanged with hexadecyltrimethylammonium cations, particularly when these were incorporated at 100% of the cation exchange capacity of the clay mineral. Terbuthylazine and diuron also displayed very strong affinities for SWy-2 exchanged with L-carnitine and spermine, respectively. The chemical characteristics of the organic cation greatly influenced the adsorptive properties of the resultant organoclay. The herbicides were in general reversibly adsorbed by the modified clays. The results indicate that some of the tested modified clays could be suitable for the removal of the assayed herbicides from contaminated water and also as possible supports for the design of slow release formulations of such herbicides to attenuate their environmental impact when used in high-risk scenarios such as olive groves.  相似文献   

Determination of tetracycline antibiotic residues in edible swine tissues by liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometric detection and confirmation by mass spectrometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pena A  Lino CM  Alonso R  Barceló D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):4973-4979

A sensitive and specific method is described for the simultaneous determination of oxytetracycline, tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline residues in edible swine tissues, by combining liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometric and mass spectrometry detection. The procedure involved a preliminary extraction with EDTA-McIlvaine buffer acidified at pH 4.0, followed by solid-phase extraction cleanup using a polymeric sorbent. The liquid chromatography analysis was performed with spectrofluorometric detection after postcolumn derivatization with magnesium ions. The limits of quantification were 50 microg/kg for muscle and 100 microg/kg for kidney tissues. The recovery values were greater than 77.8% for muscle and 65.1% for kidney. The method has been successfully used for the quantification of tetracyclines in swine tissues samples. The selective liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis for confirmation of oxytetracycline in one positive swine muscle sample was made by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The APCI mass spectra of the TCs gave the protonated molecular ion and two typical fragment ions, required for their confirmation in single ion monitoring scan mode in animal tissues.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the pesticide contamination of groundwater sampled over two years from a vulnerable zone in Portugal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gonçalves CM  Silva JC  Alpendurada MF 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(15):6227-6235

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Determination of the crop coefficient for grafted ‘Tahiti’ lime trees and soil evaporation coefficient of Rhodic Kandiudalf clay soil in Sao Paulo,Brazil     

José AlvesJr  Marcos V. Folegatti  Larry R. Parsons  Wije Bandaranayake  Claudio R. da Silva  Tonny J. A. da Silva  Luís F. S. M. Campeche 《Irrigation Science》2007,25(4):419-428

The expansion of permanent trickle irrigation systems in Sao Paulo (Brazil) citrus has changed the focus of irrigation scheduling from determining irrigation timing to quantifying irrigation amounts. The water requirements of citrus orchards are difficult to estimate, since they are influenced by heterogeneous factors such as age, planting density and irrigation system. In this study, we estimated the water requirements of young ‘Tahiti’ lime orchards, considering the independent contributions from soil evaporation and crop transpiration by splitting the crop coefficient (Kc = ETc/ETo) into two separate coefficients; Ke, a soil evaporation coefficient and Kcb, a crop transpiration coefficient. Hence, the water requirement in young ‘Tahiti’ lime (ET_y) is ET_y = (Ke + Kcb) · ETo, where ETo is the reference crop evapotranspiration. Mature tree water requirement (ET_m) is ET_m = Kcb · ETo, assuming no soil water evaporation. Two lysimeters were used; one was 1.6 m in diameter and 0.7 m deep, and the other was 2.7 m in diameter and 0.8-m deep. The first one was used to calculate evaporation and the second one was used for transpiration. ETo was estimated by the Penman–Monteith method (FAO-56). The measurements were conducted during a period between August 2002 and April 2005 in Piracicaba, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The lysimeters were installed at the center of a 1.0-ha plot planted with ‘Tahiti’ lime trees grafted on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstock. The trees were 1-year old at planting, spaced 7 × 4 m, and were irrigated by a drip irrigation system. During the study period, Kc varied between 0.6 and 1.22, and Kcb varied between 0.4 and 1.0. The results suggested that for young lime trees, the volume of water per tree calculated by Ke + Kcb is about 80% higher than the volume calculated using Kc. For mature trees, the volume of water per tree calculated using just Kcb can be 10% less than using Kc. The independent influence of soil evaporation and transpiration is important to better understand the water consumption of young lime trees during growth compared to mature lime trees.  相似文献   

Real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction detection and quantification of cow DNA in pure water buffalo mozzarella cheese: method validation and its application on commercial samples     

Lopparelli RM  Cardazzo B  Balzan S  Giaccone V  Novelli E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(9):3429-3434

Mozzarella cheese obtained from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk is a typical Italian product certificated by means of the European Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Mozzarella cheese can also be obtained from bovine milk or bovine/buffalo milk mixtures, but in this case, it cannot be sold as PDO product, and its label must report the actual ingredients. However, bovine milk in PDO products was frequently detected in the past, suggesting fraudulent addition or accidental contamination. Several methods based on end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been profitably applied in a large number of tests to detect the presence of undeclared ingredients, also in dairy products. In the present study we report a real-time PCR method able to quantify bovine milk addition to pure buffalo cheese products. We validated a normalized procedure based on two targets: bovine mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) to detect and quantify the bovine DNA and nuclear growth hormone (GH) gene used as a universal reference marker. With the use of this real-time PCR assay, 64 commercial mozzarella di bufala cheese samples purchased at local supermarkets, dairy shops, or directly from cheese manufacturers were analyzed. The results obtained demonstrate that most of the commercial samples were contaminated with bovine milk. Therefore, this assay could be conveniently employed to carry out routine and accurate controls aimed not only to discourage any fraudulent behavior but also to reduce risks for consumer health.  相似文献   

Static-dynamic superheated liquid extraction of hydroxytyrosol and other biophenols from alperujo (a semisolid residue of the olive oil industry)     

Japón-Luján R  Luque de Castro MD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(9):3629-3634

Hydroxytyrosol and other olive biophenols (OBPs) such as tyrosol, verbascoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, and alpha-taxifolin have been extracted from alperujo by using static-dynamic superheated liquids. Multivariate methodology has been used to carry out a detailed optimization of the extraction. Under the optimal working conditions no further extraction of the target analytes was achieved after 27 min (up to 2800 and 1500 mg/kg of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, respectively), so complete removal of them within this interval was assumed. The extract was injected into a chromatograph-photodiode array detector assembly for individual separation-quantification. The efficacy of ethanol/water mixtures to extract OBPs from alperujo has been demonstrated and compared with that of a conventional stirring-based method. These less toxic extractant mixtures are of interest with a view to future human uses of OBPs.  相似文献   

Molecular structure of endotoxins from Gram-negative marine bacteria: an update          下载免费PDF全文

Leone S  Silipo A  L Nazarenko E  Lanzetta R  Parrilli M  Molinaro A 《Marine drugs》2007,5(3):85-112

Marine bacteria are microrganisms that have adapted, through millions of years, to survival in environments often characterized by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters, namely pressure, temperature and salinity. The main interest in the research on marine bacteria is due to their ability to produce several biologically active molecules, such as antibiotics, toxins and antitoxins, antitumor and antimicrobial agents. Nonetheless, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), or their portions, from Gram-negative marine bacteria, have often shown low virulence, and represent potential candidates in the development of drugs to prevent septic shock. Besides, the molecular architecture of such molecules is related to the possibility of thriving in marine habitats, shielding the cell from the disrupting action of natural stress factors. Over the last few years, the depiction of a variety of structures of lipids A, core oligosaccharides and O-specific polysaccharides from LPSs of marine microrganisms has been given. In particular, here we will examine the most recently encountered structures for bacteria belonging to the genera Shewanella, Pseudoalteromonas and Alteromonas, of the γ-Proteobacteria phylum, and to the genera Flavobacterium, Cellulophaga, Arenibacter and Chryseobacterium, of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum. Particular attention will be paid to the chemical features expressed by these structures (characteristic monosaccharides, non-glycidic appendages, phosphate groups), to the typifying traits of LPSs from marine bacteria and to the possible correlation existing between such features and the adaptation, over years, of bacteria to marine environments.  相似文献