Fate of 14C-carbofuran in soils     

Sharad P. Kale  Kanthadai Raghu 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1996,159(5):519-523

The degradation of¹⁴ C-Carbofuran was studied in sterilized, unsterilized and green manure amended clay soil under moist and flooded conditions overa period of 30 days. The¹⁴ C mass balance showed that carbofuran did not undergo any degradation in sterilized moist soil. In sterilized flooded soil bound residues were formed to the extent of about 47% of the applied radioactivity at the end of 30 days. Carbofuran underwent considerable degradation in unsterilized moist and flooded soils. In moist soil about 48% of the applied¹⁴ C activity was recovered as bound activity while in flooded soil, about 23% of the activity was bound. Green manure amendment resulted in formation of more bound residues under moist conditions while it enhanced the degradation of carbofuran under flooded conditions. In flooded amended soil about 44% of the applied^l4 C-activity was recovered as against about 54% in the unamended flooded soil. The notable degradation products formed under flooded soil conditions were 3-keto carbofuran and 3-hydroxy carbofuran.  相似文献   

Development and utility of PCR-based intron polymorphism markers in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]     

Inapakurti Jaikishan  Passoupathy Rajendrakumar  Ragimasalawada Madhusudhana  Maruthamuthu Elangovan  Jagannath Vishnu Patil 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2015,18(5):309-318

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Monitoring of spatial variations of particulate matter (PM) pollution through bio-magnetic aspects of roadside plant leaves in an Indo-Burma hot spot region     

Prabhat Kumar Rai  Biku Moni Chutia  S.K. Patil 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(4):761-770

Particulate matter (PM) is an important air pollutant because of its adverse impacts towards human health. The existing and conventional methods of PMs monitoring are found to be inadequate in feasibility, which paved the way of magnetic biomonitoring approach. The magnetic measurement carried through the plant leaves is useful means in assessing the PM pollution. Plant species are found to be an effective biomonitors and may act as natural filters by trapping and retaining the PM on their leaf surfaces. Therefore, the aim of this communication is to demonstrate the magnetic properties [magnetic susceptibility (χ), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM)] of two roadside plant leaves (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Mangifera indica) at four spatially distant sites. The study measures and compares the capabilities of these plants to accumulate and retain the PMs. The study also assesses the PM pollution at selected sites and establishes the relationship between magnetic properties and PM in the city of an Indo-Burma hot spot region. The results indicated a significant correlation between the concentration of ambient PM and magnetic measurement (χ, ARM and SIRM) of both the roadside plant leaves. Similarly, reasonably good correlations are obtained between magnetic parameters (χ, ARM and SIRM) and Fe content in PMs. Present study is, perhaps, a novel contribution in the area of bio-magnetic monitoring studied with several magnetic parameters viz., χ, ARM and SIRM. Results indicated that the bio-magnetic monitoring is applied for environmental geomagnetism which act as proxy for ambient PM pollution and further employed as an eco-sustainable tool for environmental management in urban and peri-urban regions.  相似文献   

Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from Indian dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius)     

Nagarajan G  Swami SK  Ghorui SK  Pathak KM  Singh RK  Patil NV 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(3):291-298

The cDNAs of two proinflammatory cytokines viz., IL-6 and TNF-α from dromedarian camels were amplified by PCR using bactrian camel sequences and subsequently cloned for sequence analysis. Relationship based on amino acid revealed that dromedarian camel IL-6 shared 99.5% identity both at nucleotide and amino acid level with bactrian camel IL-6 and in case of TNF-α, the identity of dromedarian camel was 99.4% and 99.1% at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively with that of bactrian camel. Phylogenetic analysis based on their amino acid sequences indicated the close relationship in these cytokine genes between dromedarian camel and other members of camelids.  相似文献   

Dissipation and distribution behavior of azoxystrobin, carbendazim, and difenoconazole in pomegranate fruits     

Utture SC  Banerjee K  Dasgupta S  Patil SH  Jadhav MR  Wagh SS  Kolekar SS  Anuse MA  Adsule PG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(14):7866-7873

The dissipation behavior and degradation kinetics of azoxystrobin, carbendazim, and difenoconazole in pomegranate are reported. Twenty fruits/hectare (5 kg) were collected at random, ensuring sample-to-sample relative standard deviation (RSD) within 20-25%. Each fruit was cut into eight equal portions, and two diagonal pieces per fruit were drawn and combined to constitute the laboratory sample, resulting in RSDs <6% (n = 6). Crushed sample (15 g) was extracted with 10 mL of ethyl acetate (+ 10 g Na(2)SO(4)), cleaned by dispersive solid phase extraction on primary secondary amine (25 mg) and C(18) (25 mg), and measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification was ≤0.0025 μg g(-1) for all the three fungicides, with calibration linearity in the concentration range of 0.001-0.025 μg mL(-1) (r(2) ≥ 0.999). The recoveries of each chemical were 75-110% at 0.0025, 0.005, and 0.010 μg g(-1) with intralaboratory Horwitz ratio <0.32 at 0.0025 μg g(-1). Variable matrix effects were recorded in different fruit parts viz rind, albedo, membrane, and arils, which could be correlated to their biochemical constituents as evidenced from accurate mass measurements on a Q-ToF LC-MS. The residues of carbendazim and difenoconazole were confined within the outer rind of pomegranate; however, azoxystrobin penetrated into the inner fruit parts. The dissipation of azoxystrobin, carbendazim, and difenoconazole followed first + first order kinetics at both standard and double doses, with preharvest intervals being 9, 60, and 26 days at standard dose. At double dose, the preharvest intervals extended to 20.5, 100, and 60 days, respectively.  相似文献   

Identification of each human chromosome with a modified Giemsa stain   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

S R Patil  S Merrick  H A Lubs 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,173(999):821-822

Differential staining of human chromosomes can be obtained when the pH of Giemsa stain is changed to 9.0 from the usual 6.8. Such staining permits identification of all homolog pairs and distinct regions within chromosome arms. In most instances, the pattern is quite similar to that obtained with quinacrine mustard fluorescence staining. Certain regions, such as the paracentric constrictions in chromosomes Al and C9, and the distal end of the long arm of the Y chromosome stain differently with the Giemsa 9 technique. The technique is considerably simpler than the quinacrine mustard fluorescence technique and identification of homologs is also easier than in cells stained by the latter.  相似文献   

Estimation of bulk density of waterlogged soils from basic properties     

Nitin G. Patil  Arun Chaturvedi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(5):499-509

Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) to predict bulk density (BD) from basic soil data are presented. Available data pertaining to seasonally impounded shrink–swell soils of Jabalpur district in the Madhya Pradesh state of India were used for the study. The data included horizon-wise information of 41 soil profiles in the study area covering nearly 5 million ha. Six independent variables, namely textural data (sand, silt and clay), field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP) and organic carbon content (OC) were used as input in hierarchical steps to establish dependencies, with bulk density as the dependent variable, using statistical regression and artificial neural networks. The PTFs derived using neural networks [average root mean square error (RMSE) 0.05] were relatively better than statistical regression PTFs (average RMSE > 0.1). The best-performing PTFs required input data on sand, silt content, FC and PWP, with lowest prediction errors (RMSE 0.01, maximum absolute error (MAE) 0.01) and highest values of index of agreement (d, 0.95) and R ² (0.65). Use of measures of structure, as well as information on pore structure, was found to be essential to derive acceptable PTFs. Inclusion of OC as an input variable showed relatively better fitting to the training data set, implying an underlying relationship between OC and BD, but the neural networks could not mimic the relationship when tested against subset.  相似文献   

Histopathological changes and tissue residue concentrations of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus,L) fries exposed to oxytetracycline     

Dey  Biswadeep  Abraham  Thangapalam Jawahar  Singha  Jasmine  Roy  Anwesha  Karmakar  Sutanu  Kumar Patil  Prasanna  Roy  Utsa 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(4):2113-2128

Aquaculture International - The current study evaluated the biosafety of oxytetracycline (OTC) exposure for 30&nbsp;days in monosex Oreochromis niloticus fries. The fries were exposed to OTC...  相似文献   

Processing of commercial peanut cake into food-grade meal and its utilization in preparation of cookies     

P. V. Tate  J. K. Chavan  P. B. Patil  S. S. Kadam 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(2):115-121

The commercial cake produced during expeller pressing of peanuts was extracted with n-hexane, and 80% ethanol followed by sieving through 80 mesh, to remove residual oil, pigments, bitter taste and fibrous material. The processed meal exhibited comparable composition with defatted peanut flour prepared in the laboratory by solvent extraction of full-fat peanut meal. However, the processed cake meal exhibited low methionine content and in vitro protein digestibility as compared with defatted peanut flour. The processed cake meal can be blended with wheat flour to the extent of 10% (w/w) to prepare acceptable cookies with improved protein and mineral contents.  相似文献   

Nitrogen dynamics and crop growth on an Alfisol and a Vertisol under a direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice-based system     

S. K. Patil  U. Singh  V. P. Singh  V. N. Mishra  R. O. Das  J. Henao 《Field Crops Research》2001,70(3):185-199

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) followed by chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) or a fallow is one of the predominant cropping systems in the rainfed lowlands of India. Crop rotation experiments over 3 years (1996–1998) to quantify N supply and demand under rainfed lowland rice–chickpea and rice–fallow cropping systems on a loam Alfisol and a clay Vertisol in Raipur, India were conducted under direct-seeded rice culture. The rice growth, yield, development and N accumulation were affected most by N rates (0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha⁻¹) followed by cropping system (rice–chickpea, rice–fallow) and soil types (Alfisol, Vertisol). The incorporation of chickpea in the cropping system helped in accumulating a greater amount of soil N than fallow. The rice yield, dry matter and N accumulated were significantly higher in rice–chickpea than rice–fallow systems on both soils and in all years. The lowest rice yields were recorded in 1997 due to unfavorable rainfall distribution. The total rainfall was the highest in this season, but most of it occurred during a short period at an early growth stage. The post-heading rains were lowest in this season and resulted in the lower rice yield as compared with that of 1996 and 1998. This indicates the significance of rainfall distribution in controlling yield in a rainfed environment. The rice yields were lower on Vertisol than Alfisol during periods of drought. The performance of chickpea was also better in Alfisol as compared with that in the Vertisol due to its better soil physical attributes. The residual effect of N applied to the preceding rice crop was non-significant on all yield, growth and N accumulation parameters of chickpea. The N balance computed from the top 70 cm soil layers indicated less N loss in the rice–chickpea system as compared with that in rice–fallow. The recovery efficiency at the highest N rate (120 kg N ha⁻¹) was higher for the rice–chickpea (57–61%) than that of rice–fallow (49–53%) system. The improved N balance for rice–chickpea system from third year onwards was due to switch to dry seeding and improved soil N status. The inclusion of legume and the effective capture of biologically fixed N and soil N through direct-seeded rice system in rainfed lowlands may help in improving the rice yield of resource poor farmers.  相似文献