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91.
Identification of two major quantitative trait locus for fresh seed dormancy using the diversity arrays technology and diversity arrays technology‐seq based genetic map in Spanish‐type peanuts 
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下载免费PDF全文 Manish K Vishwakarma Manish K Pandey Yaduru Shasidhar Surendra S Manohar Patne Nagesh Pasupuleti Janila Rajeev K Varshney 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(3):367-375
Seed quality for both germination in the next generation and for human consumption is adversely affected due to preharvest sprouting in peanut. It also makes seeds more vulnerable to infection by a number of pathogens. Therefore, it is desirable to have 2–3 weeks of fresh seed dormancy (FSD) in the peanut varieties. In this context, one F2 population was developed from a cross between non‐dormant (ICGV 00350) and dormant (ICGV 97045) genotypes. Phenotyping of this population showed control of the trait by two recessive genes. In parallel, genotyping of the population with Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) and DArT‐seq markers provided a genetic map with 1152 loci covering a map distance of 2423.12 cM and map density of 2.96 cM/loci. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified two major QTLs, namely qfsd‐1 and qfsd‐2 explaining 22.14% and 71.21% of phenotypic variation, respectively. These QTLs, after validation in different genetic backgrounds, may be useful for molecular breeding for FSD in peanut. 相似文献
92.
Ajay Pratap Singh Satparkash Singh Rajeev Ranjan Santosh Kumar Gupta Vijendra Pal Singh Bhaskar Sharma 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2010,11(3):227-233
Outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella (P.) multocida have been known to be protective immunogens. Pasteurella lipoprotein E (PlpE) has been reported to be an important cross reactive outer membrane protein in P. multocida. The gene encoding the PlpE of P. multocida serotypes A: 3, B: 2 and D: 1 was amplified from the genomic DNA. The amplified products were cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined. Sequence analysis of the recombinant clones revealed a single open reading frame of 1,011 bp, 1,008 bp and 1,017 bp encoding a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 37.829 kDa, 37.389 kDa and 37.965 kDa for serotypes A: 3, B: 2 and D: 1 respectively. The comparison of the plpE sequence in different capsular types revealed a high degree (>90%) of homology. Furthermore, the plpE gene of Haemorhhagic septicaemia causing serotype (B: 2) was expressed in E. coli and recombinant PlpE was strongly immunostained by antiserum against whole cell antigen, indicating that the protein is expressed in vivo. 相似文献
93.
Eurycoma longifolia Jack is an herbal medicinal plant of South-East Asian origin, popularly recognized as ‘Tongkat Ali.’ The plant parts have been traditionally used for its antimalarial, aphrodisiac, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial and anti-pyretic activities, which have also been proved scientifically. The plant parts are rich in various bioactive compounds (like eurycomaoside, eurycolactone, eurycomalactone, eurycomanone, and pasakbumin-B) among which the alkaloids and quassinoids form a major portion. Even though toxicity and safety evaluation studies have been pursued, still a major gap exists in providing scientific base for commercial utilization and clearance of the Tongkat Ali products with regard to consumer's safety. The present review aims at reviewing the research works undertaken till date, on this plant in order to provide sufficient baseline information for future works and for commercial exploitation. 相似文献
94.
Specificity of six previously published Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) genomic loci, including 10, 38, 56, 93, 251, and 252 were evaluated in this study. Target 251 which was identified as MAP-specific was further evaluated in 210 MAP isolates, 14 non-MAP mycobacterial species, 7 atypical mycobacterial isolates, and 9 other bacterial species using real-time PCR. A previously published IS900 primer and probe combination was used as a positive control along with a universal ribosomal DNA gene sequence (UVA) as an internal control to evaluate PCR inhibition. All MAP isolates were positive with IS900, 251, and UVA by real-time PCR. All non-MAP mycobacterial species except one atypical mycobacterial isolate and other bacterial species used in this study were negative for IS900. All of these species were negative for 251. The atypical mycobacterial isolate, positive for IS900 and UVA, was negative for 251. A combination of IS900 and 251 PCR is ideal for sensitive and specific confirmation of MAP isolates from conventional fecal cultures. This study also evaluated the specificity of 251 real-time PCR, on broth cultures from 50 known bovine fecal samples. Acid fast staining followed by IS900 and 251 real-time PCR can be used for accurate identification and confirmation of MAP from broth cultures. 相似文献
95.
In order to study the influence of variable iron on biomass, economic yield and role of iron in potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Chandramukhi metabolism, plants were grown in refined sand at variable iron ranging from 0.001 to 2.0 mM. Exposure of potato plants to Fe stress (i.e. a Fe concentration different from 0.1 mM) shows retarded growth, decreased chlorophyll concentration and Hill reaction activity, induced changes in enzyme activities and concentration of Fe and Mn. The visible symptoms of iron deficiency appeared on day 15 at 0.001 mM Fe as chlorosis of young leaves. The excess of iron (at >0.1 mM Fe) appeared later, after 25 days and the chlorosis was observed on older leaves. Both deficiency (0.001 mM) and excess (>0.1 mM) of iron reduced the tuber yield, deteriorating its quality by lowering the concentration of sugars, starch and protein nitrogen and increasing the accumulation of non-protein nitrogen and phenols in tubers. 相似文献
96.
Sreekumari Rajeev William Shulaw Roy Berghaus Yan Zhang Beverly Byrum 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(6):529-535
A testing scheme for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in broth cultures of bovine fecal samples carried out in ESP para-JEM System was evaluated. The scheme included acid-fast staining (on signal-positive and signal-negative samples), and confirmation by PCR for 2 MAP-specific targets and subculture of all acid-fast positive PCR-negative samples. Two hundred and fifty bovine fecal samples were evaluated for the presence of MAP using this scheme. Thirty-seven (15%) of 250 fecal samples had a positive culture result when the proposed testing scheme was used, compared to 14 (6%) positive results when using the standard ESP para-JEM protocol (requiring samples to have a positive signal from the system, a positive acid-fast stain, and a positive IS900 PCR result), and 20 (8%) positives when conventional culture was performed on Herrold egg yolk (HEY) media. A preliminary comparison of real-time and conventional PCR on DNA extracted from 15 MAP-positive broth cultures by 3 different protocols suggested that conventional PCR may be a better choice for the confirmation of the presence of MAP in the liquid cultures than real-time PCR. 相似文献
97.
Sreekumari Rajeev Roy D Berghaus Jill Johnson Mel Pence Beverly Byrum Troy Farrell Charles Baldwin 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(6):702-704
Based on the authors' laboratory experience indicating that increased bacterial contamination in Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) cultures may be because of the addition of brain heart infusion broth (BHI) during the decontamination process, this study was designed to examine whether BHI is a required component for the isolation of MAP from ESP(R) broth cultures. Twenty-six National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) proficiency test samples supplied for the year 2005 were used for the comparison. Two paired sets of samples were processed in the experiment. In one set, the hexadecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (HPC) and antibiotic brew were prepared in half strength BHI and for the other set, HPC and antibiotic brew were prepared in sterile distilled water. Culture of the 26 samples using the BHI/HPC decontamination method identified 13 (50%) positives, whereas culture using the water/HPC decontamination method identified 14 (54%) positives. The proportions of samples with a positive result did not differ significantly between the 2 decontamination methods. Although in most cases it took longer to identify a positive result by the BHI method, the difference between methods with respect to the number of days to a positive culture result was not statistically significant. Retrospective data collected from the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Ohio also suggest that inclusion of BHI in the decontamination protocol may not have any effect on MAP recovery or contamination rate. Elimination of BHI from broth cultures may increase the sensitivity of MAP isolation, and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
98.
Kailash Chand KUMAWAT Inderjeet SINGH Sharon NAGPAL Poonam SHARMA Rajeev Kumar GUPTA Asmita SIRARI 《土壤圈》2022,32(3):438-451
Soil microbes play a vital role in improving plant growth, crop productivity, and soil health through solubilization of essential nutrients. Present investigation was conducted to access the efficacy of Bradyrhizobium sp. LSBR-3 and the indigenous phosphate-solubilizing Pseudomonas oryzihabitans LSE-3 in improving the symbiosis, nutrient accumulation, and yield of soybean. The isolate LSE-3, selected on the basis of phosphate solubilization, was screened for beneficial traits, antagonistic activities, and pathogenicity. The levels of indole acetic acid production (50.34 ±2.35 μg mL-1), phosphate solubilization (184.4 ±7.4 mg L-1), biofilm formation (optical density at 560 mm, 1.389 6 ±0.04), siderophore production (121.46 ±1.61 μg mL-1), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity (0.51 ±0.07 mmol α-ketobutyrate μg-1 protein h-1) were significantly higher with the dual inoculants (LSBR-3 and LSE-3) than with the single inoculant LSBR-3. The plant growth-promoting traits of single and dual inoculants were evaluated for the synergistic effects on soybean under field conditions. Soybean plots treated with LSBR-3 + LSE-3 exhibited improvement in seed germination, plant height, plant biomass, and chlorophyll content compared with the uninoculated control. Dual inoculant treatments resulted in significantly higher symbiotic efficacy evidenced by increased nodulation (40.0 ±0.75 plant-1), nodule biomass (188.52 ±6.29 mg plant-1), and leghemoglobin content (11.02 ±0.83 mg g-1 fresh nodule), and significantly increased activities of phosphatase (75.16 ±3.17 and 58.77 ±6.08 μg p-nitrophenol g-1 h-1 for alkaline and acid phosphatase, respectively) and dehydrogenase (32.66 ±1.92 μg triphenylformazan g-1 h-1) compared with the control. Dual inoculation with LSBR-3 and LSE-3 enhanced the uptake of macro- and micronutrients, reduced Na content in shoots, and resulted in 10.85% higher grain yield and ca. US$96.80 ha-1 higher profit compared with the control. This is the first report on the effectiveness of combined inoculation of LSE-3 and LSBR-3 in promoting the growth, symbiotic efficacy, and yield of soybean for sustainable agriculture. 相似文献
99.
Rajeev Padbhushan Rajiv Rakshit Anupam Das Rajendra Prasad Sharma 《Paddy and Water Environment》2016,14(4):481-489
Pools of organic carbon are quantified from the soil samples under scented rice crop from different soil layers (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) under 9 years’ long-term trials with five treatments in scented rice–potato–onion cropping system. These treatments were 100 % NPK (NPK), 50 % recommended NPK through mineral fertilizers + 50 % N as FYM (NPK + FYM), FYM + vermicompost (VC) + neem cake (NC) each equivalent to one-third of recommended N (FYM + VC + NC), 50 % N as FYM + biofertilizer for N + bone meal to substitute phosphorus requirement of crops + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (FYM + BFN + BM + PSB), FYM + vermicompost + neem cake each equivalent to 1/3rd of recommended N + PSB (FYM + VC + NC + PSB). SMBC (479 mg kg?1), HWEOC (373 mg kg?1), CWSCHO (235 mg kg?1), HWSCHO (839 mg kg?1), and ASCHO (180 mg kg?1) were found to be the highest in the soil treated with FYM + VC + NC + PSB and the lowest with NPK. The quantity of hot water-extractable carbohydrate content is highest amongst cold water, dilute acid and hot water extractable carbohydrate that decreases with the soil depth irrespective of treatments, except CWEOC. Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) shows significant correlation with CWEOC (r = 0.60**), HWEOC (r = 0.94**), CWSCHO (r = 0.75**), HWSCHO (r = 0.83**), and ASCHO (r = 0.83**) that primed for better aggregate stability irrespective of soil layers up to 30 cm depth. This indicates that labile carbon pools, most specifically water-soluble carbon, carbohydrate, microbial biomass, could be a suitable indicator for evaluation of soil quality, particularly in relation to soil aggregation. 相似文献
100.
- The mahseer (Tor spp.) fishes of South and Southeast Asia are iconic megafaunal species that are highly valued by recreational anglers. Knowledge on their populations is limited owing to the challenges associated with sampling these large‐bodied fishes (>50 kg) in remote monsoonal rivers.
- Despite its global iconic status among recreational anglers, the hump‐backed mahseer of the Cauvery River (South India) lacked a valid scientific name and was on a trajectory towards extinction until its rapidly declining population status was established by analyses of angler catch records.
- Angling records from 1998 to 2012 showed that mahseer catch rates had increased in this period. The resulting publication in Aquatic Conservation (AQC) highlighted the positive role of catch‐and‐release angling in providing information on data‐poor species. However, further analyses showed that these catches comprised not one but two distinct phenotypes.
- Before 1993, all mahseer captured were hump‐backed; since then, a blue‐fin phenotype appeared in catches and subsequently dominated them. These results triggered further studies indicating that the hump‐backed mahseer was the endemic Tor remadevii and that the blue‐fin was the invasive Tor khudree, introduced in 1976 and then stocked periodically from hatcheries.
- The initial AQC publication successfully demonstrated the high value of organized angling as a monitoring tool for data‐poor fishes and its application to assessing the temporal population patterns of large‐bodied fishes in monsoonal rivers. It was also the catalyst for initiating subsequent studies on T. remadevii that, together, enabled its recent assessment as ‘Critically Endangered’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. In the absence of the AQC paper, and the subsequent studies that it triggered, it is highly probable that the species would have remained on a trajectory towards rapid extinction. Instead, the first major steps to safeguarding its future have been taken.