Association analysis of novel polymorphisms in 2′, 5′‐oligoadenylate synthetase gene with reproductive traits in indigenous and cross‐bred cattle of Indian Origin          下载免费PDF全文

R Alex  KP Ramesha  U Singh  S Kumar  RR Alyethodi  R Deb  S Rai  S Sharma  GS Sengar  A Kumar  B Prakash 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):442-449

2′, 5′‐Oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS) are important components of an interferon‐mediated antiviral pathway. No polymorphisms in exonic regions of bovine OAS1 gene have been identified and associated with reproduction traits. The objective of the study was to detect and evaluate the effects of mutations in exonic region of bovine OAS1 gene with reproduction traits in cattle. DNA samples collected from 250 individual cows of two Indian dairy breeds (Sahiwal and Frieswal) of cattle were used in the study. The genetic variants of the OAS1 gene were identified with polymerase chain reaction–single‐strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) and sequence analysis using seven set of primer pairs. The PCR‐SSCP analysis revealed polymorphism in the fragments comprising of exon 2, exon 5 and first fragment of exon 6 while the fragments of exons 1, 3, 4 and second fragment of exon 6 were monomorphic in Sahiwal and Frieswal cattle. The mutations in the amplified region comprising of exon 2 were found to have significant association with age at first breeding and calving, service period, dry period and pregnancy rate. Significant associations were found between SNPs in the exon 5 and service and dry periods of the animal, whereas the genetic variants in the first fragment of the exon 6 showed significant association with age at first breeding and calving. To our knowledge, this study demonstrated for the first time that the polymorphisms in OAS1 gene were associated with reproductive traits and it can be chosen as a candidate gene for improvement of reproductive performance of cattle.  相似文献   

Diurnal and seasonal variations on soil CO2 fluxes in tropical silvopastoral systems     

Diana E. Adame-Castro  Deb R. Aryal  Gilberto Villanueva-López  Jorge O. López-Martínez  Alfonso J. Chay-Canul  Fernando Casanova-Lugo 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(4):671-681

This study aimed to quantify the dynamics of soil CO₂ fluxes in two silvopastoral systems based on Leucaena leucocephala, one associated with Panicum maximum (L + P) and another with Cynodon plectostachyus (L + C). We measured CO₂ fluxes fortnightly during the dry and rainy seasons in the morning and the afternoon, with an infrared gas analyzer. Simultaneously, we measured soil temperature, soil moisture, ambient temperature, and relative humidity. Soil CO₂ fluxes ranged from 6.0 ± 0.14 to 6.1 ± 0.12 µmol CO₂/m²/s but no statistical differences were observed between systems. Soil CO₂ flux in the L + P was 12.5% higher in the rainy season compared with the dry season but the season did not affect the fluxes in L + C. Regarding the diurnal variation, CO₂ fluxes were 17.6%–34.8% higher in the morning compared with afternoon measurements. Soil moisture and temperature were higher in L + C, but the ambient temperature and relative humidity showed no statistical differences between systems. In both systems, soil temperature was greater in the afternoon, while the soil moisture and relative humidity were greater in the morning. The diurnal variation of soil CO₂ fluxes in silvopastoral systems correlated positively with soil temperature and ambient temperature, but negatively with relative humidity. We concluded that soil CO₂ fluxes did not vary between silvopastoral systems but respond differently to the seasons. The results have important implications on the establishment and management of Leucaena-based silvopastoral systems for the mitigation of soil CO₂ fluxes from extensive livestock production lands.  相似文献   

Removal of Trichloroethylene by Activated Carbon in the Presence and Absence of TiO2 Nanoparticles     

Hafiz H. Salih  George A. Sorial  Craig L. Patterson  Rajib Sinha  E. Radha Krishnan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(5):2837-2847

Nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as a new type of contaminant in water and wastewater. The fate of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) in a granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorber and their impact on the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) was investigated. Key parameters governing the TiO₂NP?CGAC interaction such as specific surface area (SSA), zeta potential, and the TiO₂NP particle size distribution (PSD) were determined. The impact of TiO₂NPs on TCE adsorption on GAC was tested by conducting TCE adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and column breakthrough studies in the presence and absence of TiO₂NPs. SSA and pore size distribution of the virgin and spent GAC were obtained. The fate and transport of the TiO₂NPs in the GAC fixed bed and their impact on TCE adsorption were found to be a function of their zeta potential, concentration, PSD, and the nature of their aggregation. The TiO₂NPs under investigation are not stable in water and rapidly form larger aggregates. Due to the fast adsorption kinetics of TCE, the isotherm and kinetic studies found no effect from TiO₂NPs. However, TiO₂NPs attached to GAC and led to a reduction in the amount of TCE adsorbed during the breakthrough experiments suggesting a preloading pore blockage phenomenon. The analysis of the used GAC confirmed the pore blockage and SSA reduction.  相似文献   

Water quality under intensive banana production and extensive pastureland in tropical Mexico     

Deb R. Aryal  Violette Geissen  Alejandro Ponce‐Mendoza  Rodimiro R. Ramos‐Reyes  Mathias Becker 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(4):553-559

The effects of intensive banana production with high mineral‐fertilizer application and of extensive pastures were compared regarding water quality in a lowland region of SE Mexico. We monitored NO$ _3^- $ , NO$ _2^- $ , and PO₄^3– concentrations in groundwater (80 m depth), subsurface water (5 m depth), and surface water (open‐ditch drainage) at monthly intervals for a one‐year period. Irrespective of the land use, the NO$ _3^- $ concentrations in all water bodies were lower than the threshold value for drinking water and aquatic life. Particularly in areas with intense banana production, the NO$ _2^- $ contents in water exceeded the safety thresholds for drinking water of 1.0 mg L^–1 (WHO, 2006) and aquatic ecosystems of 0.2 mg L^–1 (OATA, 2008). Water from pastureland showed significantly higher PO₄^3– concentration than that from the banana plantation, indicating a high risk of eutrophication. There is a need to provide recommendations for optimal time and amount of N application in commercial banana production and for limitation of P inputs in pasturelands to avoid further contamination of water bodies.  相似文献   

Use of next‐generation sequencing for the identification and characterization of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus causing maize lethal necrosis in Kenya     

I. P. Adams  D. W. Miano  Z. M. Kinyua  A. Wangai  E. Kimani  N. Phiri  R. Reeder  V. Harju  R. Glover  U. Hany  R. Souza‐Richards  P. Deb Nath  T. Nixon  A. Fox  A. Barnes  J. Smith  A. Skelton  R. Thwaites  R. Mumford  N. Boonham 《Plant pathology》2013,62(4):741-749

The diagnosis of novel unidentified viral plant diseases can be problematic, as the conventional methods such as real‐time PCR or ELISA may be too specific to a particular species or even strain of a virus, whilst alternatives such as electron microscopy (EM) or sap inoculation of indicator species do not usually give species level diagnosis. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) offers an alternative solution where sequence is generated in a non‐specific fashion and identification is based on similarity searching against GenBank. The conventional and NGS techniques were applied to a damaging and apparently new disease of maize, which was first identified in Kenya in 2011. ELISA and TEM provided negative results, whilst inoculation of other cereal species identified the presence of an unidentified sap transmissible virus. RNA was purified from material showing symptoms and sequenced using a Roche 454 GS‐FLX+. Database searching of the resulting sequence identified the presence of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus, a combination previously reported to cause maize lethal necrosis disease. Over 90% of both viral genome sequences were obtained, allowing strain characterization and the development of specific real‐time PCR assays which were used to confirm the presence of the virus in material with symptoms from six different fields in two different regions of Kenya. The availability of these assays should aid the assessment of the disease and may be used for routine diagnosis. The work shows that next‐generation sequencing is a valuable investigational technique for rapidly identifying potential disease‐causing agents such as viruses.  相似文献   

Cdx2 gene expression and trophectoderm lineage specification in mouse embryos     

Deb K  Sivaguru M  Yong HY  Roberts RM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5763):992-996

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Studies of toxic effects of Hg(II) on Pistia stratiotes     

Anil K. De  Asit K. Sen  Deb P. Modak  Sasadhar Jana 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1985,24(4):351-360

The uptake of Hg(II) and toxicity effect of the metal on some biochemical parameters in Pistia stratiotes L. were studied. The uptake of Hg(II) by the plants gradually increased with increase in concentration of Hg(II) in the culture medium. Maximum accumulation of Hg(II) was noted within 1 day. Maximum removal (about 90%) of Hg(II) was recorded below 20 ppm Hg(II). Accumulation of Hg(II) in roots was about four times higher than that in shoots. At 20 ppm, Hg(II) promoted senescence of Pistia plants by decreasing chlorophyll, protein, RNA, dry weight and activities of catalase and protease as well as increasing free amino acid content, peroxidase activity and the ratio of acid to alkaline pyrophosphatase activity over control values. At Hg concentrations below 20 ppm, these constituents were least affected.  相似文献   

Physiological responses and performance of Nili-Ravi buffalo calves under different washing frequency during hot summer months in tropics     

Kalyan Sundar Das  Ghansham Singh  Shyam S. Paul  Raman Malik  Parminder S. Oberoi  Sitanshu M. Deb 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):35-39

The effect of washing frequency on the physiological responses and performance of buffalo calves was studied in hot summer. Thirty Nili-Ravi calves aged 4–6 months were divided into three uniform groups of ten. The calves of group A, B and C were washed two (9 a.m. and 3 p.m.), three (8 a.m., 12 noon and 4 p.m.) and four (8 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m. and 5 p.m.) times in a day, respectively. They were washed with water for 5 min at a stretch. The mean linear body measurements, body weight, dry matter intake through concentrate, green fodder and physiological responses, i.e. rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate before and after washing under different daily washing frequency were recorded fortnightly. The average daily gain was also calculated. The mean total dry matter intake was increased with the increase frequency of washing. The maximum mean daily body weight gain was recorded in group C followed by group B and A. There were statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences between the three washing groups. Calves were more comfortable with increase number of washing in a day in hot summer. The rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate also varied significantly (P < 0.05) between the three experiment groups. It can be concluded that daily four times washing in hot summer had more beneficial effects over three and two times washing of young Nili-Ravi buffalo calves to decrease rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate and to increase average feed utilization and daily gain under tropical climate.  相似文献   

Spatial patterns of soil microbial communities and implications for precision soil management at the field scale     

Neupane  Jasmine  Guo  Wenxuan  Cao  Guofeng  Zhang  Fangyuan  Slaughter  Lindsey  Deb  Sanjit 《Precision Agriculture》2022,23(3):1008-1026

Precision Agriculture - Understanding the spatial patterns of soil microbial communities and influencing factors is a prerequisite for soil health assessments and site-specific management to...  相似文献   

An analysis of variation of the aroma gene in rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica Kato) landraces     

Debarati Chakraborty  Debal Deb  Avik Ray 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(6):953-959

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