Agricultural and environmental challenges in agroecosystems     

Xiaoyuan YAN  Xu ZHAO  Deb JAISI 《土壤圈》2021,31(1):1-2

Feeding the increasing global population, preventing environmental degradation, and protecting the planet from climate change are the three most significant challenges facing agriculture and its sustainability. Agricultural practices determine the safety of agricultural products and are integral to the status of the global environment.  相似文献   

Conception rate of zebu and cross-bred cattle with imported frozen semen.     

S K Moulick  N C Deb  B Sanyal  A K Sen 《The Indian journal of animal sciences》1975,45(7):422-426

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Functional proteomic analysis of crossbred (Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal) bull spermatozoa          下载免费PDF全文

R Singh  GS Sengar  U Singh  R Deb  V Junghare  S Hazra  S Kumar  S Tyagi  AK Das  TV Raja  A Kumar 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):588-608

Male infertility is one of the prime concerns of dairy cattle production. The study was designed to find out differentially expressed proteins in categorized crossbred (Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal) bull semen to serve as potential biomarkers for male infertility. Frozen crossbred bull semen with satisfactory phenotypic records were defined as “good” and “poor” based on their fertility rates. A total of 1,547 proteins were detected in bull spermatozoa using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer (LC‐MS/MS) analysis. Results revealed that 558 (36.1%) and 653 (42.2%) proteins were expressed to good and poor quality bull spermatozoa, respectively. A total of 336 proteins (21.7%) were reported to be unique for both good and poor quality bull semen, and among the common proteins, 224 (66.7%) and 112 (33.3%) were up‐ and downregulated in good and poor quality categorized bull semen, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis of global proteomes identified different signalling pathways, and most of them were related to cellular motility, immune systems as well as cellular metabolisms. The distinctive presence of some of the proteins may provide an insight into the molecular mechanistic role played by these proteins in crossbred bull infertility.  相似文献   

Humus-Rich Compost Increases Lettuce Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Mycorrhizal Colonisation, and Soil Fertility     

Zakaria M. SOLAIMAN  Hongjun YANG  Deb ARCHDEACON  Orna TIPPETT  Michaela TIBI  Andrew S. WHITELEY 《土壤圈》2019,29(2):170-179

Sandy soils, typical of Australia's west, either have little or no habitat protection for microbes including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which are essential for nutrient cycling. To minimize this problem, the application of organic matter, such as humus-rich composts, is necessary during vegetable crop production. This study aimed at determining the effects of humus-rich composts on either indigenous or inoculated AM fungal colonisation in roots, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Quechua) growth, and soil fertility improvement. Four different humus-rich composts with varying humus contents were applied at the same standard rate to lettuce grown under glasshouse conditions for 10 weeks after sowing and compared with two low-humus composts and non-amended soil (control). Humus-rich composts significantly increased lettuce shoot growth, root growth, and AM fungal colonisation in roots. Humus contents in the composts were also correlated with lettuce shoot and root growth. Soil dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and fertility were increased with the application of humus-rich composts. These humus-rich composts, especially the compost of higher humic acid with and without AM inoculation, might have a significant role in sustainable vegetable production, for example lettuce growth. Overall, the results indicate that supplementation with humus-rich compost is highly beneficial to enhance soil fertility and potentially maintain the sustainability of vegetable production.  相似文献   

The role of enamel proteins in protecting mature human enamel against acidic environments: a double layer force spectroscopy study     

Lubarsky GV  D'Sa RA  Deb S  Meenan BJ  Lemoine P 《Biointerphases》2012,7(1-4):14

Characterisation of the electrostatic properties of dental enamel is important for understanding the interfacial processes that occur on a tooth surface and how these relate to the natural ability of our teeth to withstand chemical attack from the acids in many soft drinks. Whereas, the role of the mineral component of the tooth enamel in providing this resistance to acid erosion has been studied extensively, the influence of proteins that are also present within the structure is not well understood. In this paper, we report for the first time the use of double-layer force spectroscopy to directly measure electrostatic forces on as received and hydrazine-treated (deproteinated) enamel surfaces in solutions with different pH to determine how the enamel proteins influence acid erosion surface potential and surface charge of human dental enamel. The deproteination of the treated samples was confirmed by the loss of the amide bands (~1,300-1,700 cm(-1)) in the FTIR spectrum of the sample. The force characteristics observed were found to agree with the theory of electrical double layer interaction under the assumption of constant potential and allowed the surface charge per unit area to be determined for the two enamel surfaces. The values and, importantly, the sign of these adsorbed surface charges indicates that the protein content of dental enamel contributes significantly to the electrostatic double layer formation near the tooth surface and in doing so can buffer the apatite crystals against acid attack. Moreover, the electrostatic interactions within this layer are a driving factor for the mineral transfer from the tooth surface and the initial salivary pellicle formation.  相似文献   

Humic substrates application in diluted form enhanced availability of phosphorus (P) and its uptake by tea bushes in the tea-growing soil of Northeast India     

Prabhat Pramanik  Shamina Safique  Asrafa Jahan  Rajib M. Bhagat 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(20):2841-2849

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is an evergreen perennial crop, which is cultivated for its shoots in acidic soil under sub-tropical humid climatic condition. The availability of phosphorus (P) to plants is naturally limited in acidic tea-growing soils. Humic substrates (HS) are often applied to enhance availability of nutrients, especially P in horticultural and vegetable crop fields. However, its effect on soil of a perennial crop like tea was not studied before. In this study, application of HS enhanced P availability mainly by facilitating growth of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and enhancing phosphatase activity in soil. Application of same amount of HS in diluted form was more effective to enhance PSB population and phosphatase activity, which in turn increased P availability in soil and P uptake by tea bushes. This experiment indicated that application of 1.5 kg HS ha^?1 as 0.3% solution might be applied to enhance P availability to improve P availability and P uptake by plants in tea-growing soil.  相似文献   

Measuring near‐saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils by quasi unit‐gradient percolation—2. Application of the methodology     

Subharthi Sarkar  Kai Germer  Rajib Maity  Wolfgang Durner 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(4):535-540

Sarkar et al. (this issue) proposed a laboratory measurement method for obtaining the hydraulic conductivity of soil at near‐saturated moisture conditions, bridging the gap between measurements that can be obtained with the evaporation method in the medium dry region, and measurements of the saturated conductivity by traditional methods. The method is based on a tension infiltration on a limited part of the surface of a soil sample and drainage of the sample at the same tension, leading to a divergent flow field. Despite equal tensions at top and bottom of the sample (“unit gradient”), the water flux in the sample is smaller than the corresponding value of the soil hydraulic conductivity at the applied tension. From numerical analysis of the flow problem, they concluded that unsaturated conductivity can be obtained with an accuracy of 10% for all texture classes of the USDA soil texture triangle. In this paper, we test the methodology for three different soil types using an appropriate apparatus. The results match well with independent saturated conductivity measurements on the wet side, and with unsaturated conductivity measurements in the medium moisture range that were obtained with the evaporation method.  相似文献   

Cypermethrin induced stress and changes in growth of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus     

Rajib Majumder  Anilava Kaviraj 《International Aquatic Research》2017,9(2):117-128

Bioassays were conducted with technical grade and commercial formulation of cypermethrin using freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus as the test fish. The technical grade cypermethrin contained 92% active ingredient (a.i.) and the commercial formulation was an emulsified concentrate (EC) containing 10% a.i. (10% EC). Based on the actual concentration in water (2 h), the commercial formulation was found to be more acutely toxic to O. niloticus (96-h LC50 = 4.85 μg/L) than the technical grade cypermethrin (96-h LC50 = 9.74 μg/L). Exposure to sub-lethal concentrations (1.25, 2.5 μg/L) of commercial cypermethrin for 96 h produced stress on the fish, which was evident from the reduction of hepatic glycogen, reduction in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase in liver and elevation of plasma glucose level and activities of hepatic acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Exposure to these concentrations of cypermethrin for 14–28 days produced anaemia in fish. Long-term exposure (90 days) of the fish to these concentrations reduced the growth and deposition of protein and lipid in the body of fish as compared to control. It is concluded from this study that even minute concentration (1.25 μg/L) of cypermethrin (10% EC) in water can produce stress on fish. Long term exposure to such concentration of cypermethrin may also affect growth of the fish.  相似文献   

Diffusion of Zinc as Influenced by Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils     

D. L. Deb  A. Sen  R. K. Rattan  M. B. Meisheri  G. N. Gupta  K. N. Sharma 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1983,146(4):494-503

The self diffusion coefficients of zinc (D_aZn), determined by half cell technique, were found to be greatly influenced by variations in soil characteristics such as volumetric moisture content, bulk density, temperature, carrier zinc concentration and soil pH. The D_aZn values showed exponential decrease with increase in soil pH but with increasing volumetric moisture content, D_aZn values showed logarithmic increase. The highest D_aZn value was obtained at a compaction of 1.50 g/cm³. Increase in temperature from 5°C to 30°C showed 4 to 20 times increase in D_aZn values. An attempt was made to study the relationship between soil characteristics and D_aZn values for 87 illitic soils differing in physical and chemical properties. The simple and multiple correlation coefficients did not account for more than 21 per cent of variations indicating that D_aZn values cannot be predicted accurately from soil properties.  相似文献   

Effect of chelating agents on zinc diffusion in two soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. N. Gupta  D. L. Deb 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1984,147(5):533-539

Zinc diffusion in two soils (Udic Ustochrept and Typic Ustochrept) was studied under the influence of chelating agents at varying levels of zinc by the half cell technique using zinc-65. Synthetic chelating agents, EDTA and DTPA increased the apparent self diffusion coefficient of zinc (DaZn) by about 100 to 10,000 folds in both the soils depending upon the amount of chelating agent and fertilizer zinc applied. With only soil zinc, the DTPA performed better while with fertilizer zinc, the EDTA showed higher DaZn values. Fulvic acids increased the DaZn value in Udic Ustochrept from 10 to 100 times and in Typic Ustochrept from 1.5 to 7 times. Humic acids enhanced the zinc diffusion rate in Udic Ustochrept but depressed it in Typic Ustochrept. Capacity factor (B value) of the soil for zinc went down drastically by 10 to 100 times due to EDTA and DTPA treatments. Humic acids depressed the B value in Udic Ustochrept and increased it in Typic Ustochrept. Higher B values were observed with FYM application.  相似文献