Fatty acid and amino acid composition of groundnut mutants     

N. D. Sharma  I. M. Santha  S. H. Patil  S. L. Methta 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1985,35(1):3-8

Groundnut mutants TG-8, TG-9, TG-17 and TG-18 induced by -irradiation differed in fatty acid composition from their parent Spanish Improved. All the mutants had lower linoleic and higher oleic than Spanish Improved. TG-18 had lower oleic and higher linoleic as compared with TG-8, TG-9 and TG-17. Palmitic acid in TG-18 and Spanish Improved was higher than other mutants. Oil stability as judged by oleic to linoleic ratio was substantially higher for mutants as compared with their parent.Amino acid composition of groundnut mutant proteins differed from Spanish Improved. In general mutants had higher contents of lysine, histidine, proline, phenylalanine and tryptophan and lower contents of threonine, serine and methionine. The first limiting amino acid was tryptophan in Spanish Improved, threonine in TG-8, TG-9 and TG-17 and Valine in TG-18. Essential amino acid contents for all except methionine, valine and threonine per grain flour were higher in all the mutants as compared with their parent.  相似文献   

Insulin Secretagogue,Alpha-glucosidase and Antioxidant Activity of Some Selected Spices in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats     

Patil SB  Ghadyale VA  Taklikar SS  Kulkarni CR  Arvindekar AU 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(1):85-90

Spices are extensively used to enhance the taste and flavor of foods and are known to possess several medicinal properties. Myristica fragrans, Parmelia perlata, Illicium verum, Trachyspermum copticum and Myristica malabarica, the commonly used spices in India were assessed for antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. In the in vitro insulin secretion studies on isolated islets of Langerhans, M. fragrans, T. copticum and M. malabarica showed dose dependent insulin secretion. At 1 mg/ml, P. perlata showed significant in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of 0.14 mg/ml followed by M. malabarica (0.64 mg/ml), I. verum (0.67 mg/ml), M. fragrans (0.85 mg/ml) and T. copticum (0.92 mg/ml). The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the extracts at a concentration of 1 mg/ml was as M. malabarica (90.45%), M. fragrans (89.89%), I. verum (87.22%), P. perlata (76.70%) and T. copticum (38.14%). P. perlata showed the highest phenolic content (i.e., 118.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/g) followed by M. malabarica (84.13 mg gallic acid equivalents/g). M. malabarica showed the highest flavonoid content (i.e., 38.35 mg quercetin equivalents/g). Regular use of these spices may prevent postprandial rise in glucose levels through inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidase and may maintain blood glucose level through insulin secretagogue action.  相似文献   

Performance evaluation of concurrent rice–fish–prawn culture with and without cull harvesting     

Rajeeb K Mohanty  Amod K Thakur  Souvik Ghosh  Silabhadra Mohanty  Dhiraj U Patil 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):1402-1412

This study was carried out in farmers' fields for three experimental culture cycles to evaluate the performance of rice–fish–prawn culture. The treatments carried out were deepwater rice mono‐cropping (R), and rice–fish–prawn culture with cull harvesting (R–FC) and without cull harvesting (R–F). Water pH and total alkalinity were significantly higher (P<0.05) in R–FC than in R–F, while the concentrations of total suspended solids, plankton and chlorophyll a were higher in R–F. Cull harvesting in R–FC had no marked influence on the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, NH₄⁺, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate compared with the R–F treatment. The significantly higher fish and prawn yields (P<0.05) and species‐wise faster individual growth performance in R–FC than in R–F were probably due to periodic cull harvesting, which minimized the competition for food and space as well as physiological stress at reduced density. The paddy yield and percentage increase in paddy yield over rice mono‐crop was significantly higher (P<0.05) in R–FC (25%), followed by R–F (16.9%), probably due to lower chlorophyll a (36.7 mg m^?3) and plankton density (1.4 × 10⁴ L^?1), which minimized the competition for nutrients with rice plants. The highest rice equivalent yield (38.5), output value–cultivation cost ratio (1.56) and enhanced net return (28%) in deepwater rice–fish culture were recorded when cull harvesting was practiced.  相似文献   

Involvement of phytochrome B in DIF mediated growth in cucumber     

Grete Grindal Patil  Roar Moe 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

This study aimed to compare the interaction between light quality and alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) under two different daily light integrals (DLI) on morphology of a wild type (wt) and a phytochrome B deficient mutant (lh) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Different light qualities were established by light quality selective plastic films. Plants were grown for 18 days (lh) or 19 days (wt) under DT/NT regimes of 25/19 °C (positive DIF), 22/22 °C and 19/25 °C (negative DIF) (12-h thermoperiod) in combination with plastic films establishing a low (0.75, LRFR) and high red (R)/far-red (FR) ratio (1.62, HRFR) and a control (R/FR of 1.11). Stem, hypocotyl and internode elongation in the wt were more affected by DIF under LRFR than HRFR. In general, length was reduced 45–50% under HRFR compared to the control, while the reduction by negative DIF was 38% on average. Hypocotyl length of the lh mutant was neither affected by temperature regime nor light quality, while negative DIF reduced stem length with 15–20% compared to positive DIF due to a delayed internode elongation. The general response pattern in both genotypes was not affected by an additional reduction in DLI of 50%. In conclusion, the strongest effect of DIF was found under a LRFR which is the opposite of findings in earlier studies with day extentions with different light qualities. In general, HRFR reduced stem elongation of cucumber more than negative DIF. The results indicate a crosstalk between light phytochrome responses and thermoperidism.  相似文献