Marker‐assisted breeding of Pi‐1 and Piz‐5 genes imparting resistance to rice blast in PRR78, restorer line of Pusa RH‐10 Basmati rice hybrid     

Patil K. Gouda  Surapaneni Saikumar  Chejerla M. K. Varma  Kancharla Nagesh  Sanka Thippeswamy  Vinay Shenoy  Mugalodim S. Ramesha  Halagappa E. Shashidhar 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(1):61-69

Rice blast, caused by fungus Magnaporthe grisea, is a serious disease causing considerable economic damage worldwide. Best way to overcome disease is to breed for disease‐resistant cultivars/parental lines of hybrids. Pusa RH10, first aromatic, fine‐grain rice hybrid released and cultivated extensively in India. Hybrid and its parental lines, Pusa 6A and PRR78, are highly susceptible to blast. CO39 pyramid carrying two dominant, broad‐spectrum blast‐resistance genes, viz. Pi‐1 and Piz‐5, used as a donor parent to introgress these genes into PRR78 using marker‐assisted backcrossing (MABC). Microsatellite markers RM5926 and AP5659‐5 tightly linked to Pi‐1 and Piz‐5 genes, respectively, were used for foreground selection to derive introgression lines. Further, these lines were evaluated for agronomic performance, disease reaction and cooking quality traits along with PRR78. Most of the improved lines were on par with PRR78 for all traits evaluated except gelatinization temperature. Recurrent parent genome percentage (RPG) study also revealed similarity of these lines with PRR78. Hybrids derived using improved PRR78 lines were superior over Pusa RH10 in terms of yield.  相似文献   

Potential of extracts of the tropical plant Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del. (Balanitaceae) to control the mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)     

Satish V. Patil  Bipinchandra K. Salunke  Chandrashekhar D. Patil  Rahul B. Salunkhe  Pankaj Gavit  Vijay L. Maheshwari 《Crop Protection》2010

The effects of extracts of different parts of the perennial tropical plant Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del., including various solvent extracts of roots, methanol extracts from leaves, fruits, flowers and roots, partially purified saponins obtained from its roots and a standard saponin were studied on the life cycle (adult longevity, number of eggs, crawlers, adults, weight of adults and % wax content) of a laboratory-reared parthenogenic line of the mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Extracts derived from various parts of B. aegyptiaca (leaves, fruits, flowers, and roots in methanol) affected the life cycle of M. hirsutus with a methanol root extract being the most effective at a concentration of 500 μg ml⁻¹. Partially purified saponin of B. aegyptiaca and the commercial bark saponin extract (Sigma) from Quillaja saponaria at a concentration of 500 μg ml⁻¹ were effective in reducing the longevity of M. hirsutus. Significant reductions in oviposition by M. hirsutus were found for all the extracts at a concentration of 500 μg ml⁻¹. Extracts also affected the number of emerging crawlers, number of adults as well as the weight and wax content of emerging adults. These studies suggest that B. aegyptiaca plant extracts and saponins can be useful botanical insecticides for the protection of crops from mealy bugs.  相似文献   

Studies on life cycle of mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on different hosts at different constant temperatures     

Satish V. Patil  Chandrashekhar D. Patil  Rahul B. Salunkhe  Vijay L. Maheshwari  Bipinchandra K. Salunke 《Crop Protection》2011,30(12):1553-1556

The life cycle of a laboratory reared parthenogenic line of mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was investigated on six host plants (Lagenaria siceraria var.clavata, Solanum tuberosum L. var. Kufri Chandramukhi, Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo var. MTNH1, Cucurbita pepo var. Styriaca, Triticum aestivum L. var. Lokvan, H. rosa sinensis L.) at five constant temperatures (25, 29, 35, 38, 42 °C). The number of emerging crawlers and adults as well as weight of adults varied with host and temperature. P. fistulosus and H. rosa sinensis were suitable hosts for laboratory rearing of M. hirsutus. However, ease of maintenance of P. fistulosus to produce M. hirsutus under laboratory conditions is an additional advantage compared to using green plants such as H. rosa sinensis. Among the range of constant temperatures, 38 °C was found to be the most favourable for the development and survival of M. hirsutus. These results suggest that P. fistulosus fruits are suitable hosts for laboratory rearing and life cycle studies of M. hirsutus.  相似文献   

Water budgeting in a carp‐prawn polyculture system: impacts on production performance,water productivity and sediment stack          下载免费PDF全文

Rajeeb K Mohanty  Atmaram Mishra  Dileep K Panda  Dhiraj U Patil 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(7):2050-2060

This study was designed to quantify the total water requirement and consumptive water use in carp‐prawn polyculture system under different water management protocols, using water balance model. Under different water management protocols, treatment‐wise estimated total water use, TWU (×10⁴, m³) was 3.7, 4.6 and 3.9, while the computed consumptive water use index, CWUI (m³ kg^?1 biomass) was 6.62, 9.31 and 7.08, in T₁ (no water exchange), T₂ (periodic water exchange) and T₃ (regulated water exchange) respectively. Significantly higher yield (P < 0.05) in both T₂ and T₃ over T₁, was probably due to water exchange that improved the rearing environment. Although intensity of water exchange was more in T₂, significant variation (P < 0.05) in overall growth and yield was not recorded between T₂ and T₃. Treatment‐wise sediment load ranged between 54.6 and 71.3 m³ t^?1 biomasses. Higher sediment load was recorded at lower intensity of water exchange as well as with higher apparent feed conversion ratio. Higher net total water productivity, net consumptive water productivity and OV‐CC ratio in T₃ infers that regulated water exchange has a distinct edge over the no water exchange protocol. Restricted water use instead of regular/excess water exchange not only improves the production performance and water productivity, but also helps in lessening the operational pumping cost.  相似文献   

Effect of Vibrio Bacterial Product CIBASTIM Administration on Productivity in Commercial Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Culture Ponds in Gujarat     

Haresh G. Solanki  Jaimin H. Bhatt  C. Gopal  Prasanna K. Patil  S. M. Pillai 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(2):107-112

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an immunostimulant product prepared from vibrio bacterial components on production of Penaeus monodon culture in five commercial shrimp farmer’s ponds in the Navsari district of Gujarat. The product was administered at the concentration of 2 × 10⁸ cfu/kg pelleted feed as top dressing using a commercial binder for two consecutive days in a week. In general, we observed improvement of up to 33.33% in average body weight, up to 44.83% in survival rate, up to 11.11% in FCR, and up to 50.00% in production per ha over untreated control ponds on the same farm. Administration of this vibrio bacterial product could improve shrimp production in Gujarat.  相似文献   

Effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro plant regeneration of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) via organogenesis     

C. K. Singh  Sandeep R. Raj  P. S. Jaiswal  V. R. Patil  B. S. Punwar  J. C. Chavda  N. Subhash 《Agroforestry Systems》2016,90(2):281-288

  相似文献   

First report on serological evidence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in farmed and free ranging mithuns (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bos frontalis</Emphasis>)     

Vidya Singh  Niranjan Mishra  S. Kalaiyarasu  R. K. Khetan  D. Hemadri  R. K. Singh  K. Rajukumar  J. Chamuah  K. P. Suresh  S. S. Patil  V. P. Singh 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(6):1149-1156

Despite reports of BVDV infection in several domestic and wild ruminants, no information exists for mithun (Bos frontalis) species. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine prevalence of BVDV infection in mithuns, which contribute significantly to local economy in the North Eastern region of India. Blood and serum samples were collected between 2013 and 2016 from mithuns (n = 466) belonging to the states of Nagaland, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh. Serum samples were tested for BVDV antibodies by a commercial ELISA and leukocytes were tested for BVDV by real-time RT-PCR. The overall true seroprevalence rate was 13.1% (95% confidence interval, CI: 6.9–17.8%) with higher prevalence in mithuns reared under semi-intensive system (27.5%) than in free-ranging mithuns (7.6%). Among the three states, seroprevalence (16.2%) was highest in Nagaland, while prevalence rates varied markedly among geographical locations. Age-wise data showed highest seroprevalence rate in >6-year-old animals (20.6%) than 2–6 years old (16.9%), 6 months–2 years old (8.5%), and <6-month-old animals (11.3%). The seroprevalence was higher in males (20.9%) than in females (12.1%). Among the four mithun strains, higher prevalence was evident in Manipur (30.3%) than Arunachal (21.3%), Nagaland (11.7%), and Mizoram strain (10.2%). However, no BVDV genomic RNA could be detected. The results provide first serological evidence of BVDV infection in mithun species and extend the knowledge on BVDV host range. The baseline data will help further investigations on epidemiology of BVD in mithun and its impact on mithun production.  相似文献   

Translation of phenotypic diversity of Sorghum bicolor axillary branched mutant into exploitable heterosis          下载免费PDF全文

Shobha Immadi  Manjula S. Maralappanavar  Shreekant S. Patil  Gowramma M. Sajjanar 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(2):177-190

Lack of variability in sorghum is the main reason for the stagnation in crop improvement including low heterosis. Studies on somaclonal mutations of sorghum have led to the development of a diverse axillary branched grain sorghum mutant, SbABM of postrainy season variety A‐1 (Annigeri‐1) which bears multiple panicles. Considering its developmental significance and phenotypic diversity, this mutant was subjected to detailed genetic analysis. To exploit its genetic potentiality, the mutant was involved in a full diallel study along with ruling varieties to assess the combining ability and to quantify the magnitude of heterosis. SbABM performed exceptionally well in hybrid combinations for all the traits. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the traits. The results on general combining ability revealed that SbABM was significantly better general combiner for all the traits studied. Majority of the hybrids involving SbABM as parental line exhibited high degree of heterosis for most of the traits, finally contributing to overall plant's vigour. However, SbABM did not restore fertility on both milo and maldandi cytoplasm.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of influenza A virus (subtype H5N1) that caused the first highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in chicken in Bhutan     

Dubey SC  Dahal N  Nagarajan S  Tosh C  Murugkar HV  Rinzin K  Sharma B  Jain R  Katare M  Patil S  Khandia R  Syed Z  Tripathi S  Behera P  Kumar M  Kulkarni DD  Krishna L 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,155(1):100-105

We characterized Influenza A/H5N1 virus that caused the first outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in chickens in Bhutan in 2010. The virus was highly virulent to chicken, killing them within two days of the experimental inoculation with an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) of 2.88. For genetic and phylogenetic analyses, complete genome sequencing of 4 viral isolates was carried out. The isolates revealed multiple basic amino acids at their hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site, similar to other "Qinghai-like" H5N1 isolates. The receptor-binding site of HA molecule contained avian-like amino acids ((222)Q and (224)G). The isolates also contained amino acid residue K at position 627 of the PB2 protein, and other markers in NS 1 and PB1 proteins, highlighting the risk to mammals. However, the isolates were sensitive to influenza drugs presently available in the market. The sequence analysis indicated that the Bhutan viruses shared 99.1-100% nucleotide homology in all the eight genes among themselves and 2010 chicken isolate from Bangladesh (A/chicken/Bangladesh/1151-11/2010) indicating common progenitor virus. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Bhutan isolates belonged to sub-clade 2.2.3 (EMA 3) and shared common progenitor virus with the 2010 Bangladesh virus. Based on the evidence of phylogeny and molecular markers, it could be concluded that the outbreaks in Bhutan and Bangladesh in 2010 were due to independent introductions of the virus probably through migratory birds.  相似文献   

Conservation tillage and mulching effects on the adaptive capacity of direct-seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) to alleviate weed and moisture stresses in the North Eastern Himalayan Region of India     

Gulab Singh Yadav  Anup Das  Rattan Lal  Subhash Babu  Ram Swaroop Meena  Somanagouda B Patil 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(9):1254-1267

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of tillage and mulch on weed growth, soil moisture storage, productivity and profitability of upland rice during 2012–2013 at Lembucherra, India. Tillage treatments included CT-RI: conventional tillage with 100% residue incorporation and NT-RR: no-till with 100% residue retention. Mulches included rice straw (SM), Gliricidia (GM), brown manuring (BM) and none (NM). CT-RI registered the highest total weed density (89–168 weeds m^?2) and biomass (9.6–183 g dry weight m^?2) than those for the NT-RR (75–161 weed m^?2 and 8–155 g dry weight m^?2). In addition, NT-RR stored (122–172 mm) more soil moisture (0–40 cm soil depth) in comparison with that for the CT-RI treatment (110–161 mm) during crop growing season. Tillage treatments did not have the significant effect on yields. NT-RR reduced the cost of cultivation by 31.5% compared with that for the CT-RI. Thus, the net returns under NT-RR were more than those for the CT-RI. The BM recorded the lowest weed biomass and density as compared to that under other mulches. Therefore, cultivation of upland rice using NT along with BM mulching enhanced productivity and profitability of rice cultivation in India.  相似文献