The influence of gender and group membership on food safety: the case of meat sellers in Bodija market, Ibadan, Nigeria     

D Grace  J Olowoye  M Dipeolu  S Odebode  T Randolph 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(Z1):53-59

We describe a study to assess the bacteriological quality and safety of meat in Bodija market in Ibadan and to investigate the influence of gender and group membership on food safety. Mixed methods were used to gather information on meat safety and related socioeconomic factors. These methods included a participatory urban appraisal, focus group discussions with eight butchers' associations, in depth discussions with six key informants, a questionnaire study of 269 meat sellers and a cross-sectional survey of meat quality (200 samples from ten associations). We found that slaughter, processing and sale of beef meat take place under unhygienic conditions. The activities involve both men and women, with some task differentiation by gender. Meat sold by association members is of unacceptable quality. However, some groups have consistently better quality meat and this is positively correlated with the proportion of women members. Women also have significantly better food safety practice than men, though there was no significant difference in their knowledge of and attitude towards food safety. Most meat sellers (85?%) reported being ill in the last 2?weeks and 47?% reported experiencing gastrointestinal illness. Eating beef, eating chicken, eating offal, consuming one's own products and belonging to a group with poor quality of meat were all strong and significant predictors of self-reported gastrointestinal illness. We include that gender and group membership influence meat quality and self-reported gastrointestinal illness and that butchers' associations are promising entry points for interventions to improve food safety.  相似文献   

The multiple burdens of zoonotic disease and an ecohealth approach to their assessment     

Grace  Delia  Gilbert  Jeff  Randolph  Thomas  Kang&#;ethe  Erastus 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):67-74

Individual interviews were conducted in 137 households using semi-structured questionnaires to determine the influence of socioeconomic factors on production constraints faced by indigenous chicken producers in the rural areas of South Africa. The major constraints to village chicken production were mortality (95 % of the households) followed by feed shortage (85 %) and low chicken sales (72 %). The logistic regression model showed that households that owned imported/crossbred chickens practiced extensive production system without housing structures and did not have vaccines were more likely to experience high levels of chicken mortality. Poor and youth-headed households with no supplements and vaccines had high probability of Newcastle disease. The probability of a household to experience chicken feed shortage was lower in households that owned indigenous chickens than those that owned imported/crossbred chickens (odds ratio, 11.68; 95 % confidence interval, 1.19–27.44). Youth-headed households that had small flocks and no access to veterinary services were not likely to sell chickens. It was concluded that gender, age, wealth status, production system, chicken flock size, type of chicken breed owned, accessibility of veterinary services, availability of supplements, vaccines and shelter influence village chicken farmer’s production constraints such as feed availability, chicken mortality, prevalence of diseases and chicken sales.  相似文献   

Evaluating a group-based intervention to improve the safety of meat in Bodija Market,Ibadan, Nigeria     

Grace  Delia  Dipeolu  Morenike  Olawoye  Janice  Ojo  Ernest  Odebode  Stella  Agbaje  Michael  Akindana  Gabriel  Randolph  Thomas 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):61-66

We evaluated a group-based, participatory training intervention to improve food safety among meat processors and retailers in Bodija Market, Ibadan, Nigeria. An interactive training workshop was held for Butchers Associations’ representatives who were selected to pass on information and training to their group. Meat hygiene knowledge, attitude and practice was assessed before attending the workshop and afterwards (n = 63). It was also assessed for those who did not attend the workshop (n = 68) but were intended recipients of training through their association. Microbiological quality of meat was assessed before and after the workshop (n = 400 samples). After the workshop, participants significantly improved knowledge, attitude and practice in key food safety aspects; specifically, understanding sources of contamination and food-borne diseases, use of bleach and disinfectant and hand washing. Participants also shared information with an average of 18 other group members and improvements were seen in group members who did not attend the workshop but received training through their Butchers Association. Microbiological quality of meat sold also significantly improved after the intervention. In conclusion, participatory, group-based methods targeted at meat processors and retailers can improve meat hygiene knowledge, attitude and practice as well as the microbiological quality and hence safety of meat.

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Carbon stocks in coffee agroforests and mixed dry tropical forests in the western highlands of Guatemala     

Mikaela Schmitt-Harsh  Tom P. Evans  Edwin Castellanos  J. C. Randolph 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,86(2):141-157

Tree removal in Latin American coffee agroforestry systems has been widespread due to complex and interacting factors that include fluctuating international markets, government-supported agricultural policies, and climate change. Despite shade tree removal and land conversion risks, there is currently no widespread policy incentive encouraging the maintenance of shade trees for the benefit of carbon sequestration. In facilitation of such incentives, an understanding of the capacity of coffee agroforests to store carbon relative to tropical forests must be developed. Drawing on ecological inventories conducted in 2007 and 2010 in the Lake Atitlán region of Guatemala, this research examines the carbon pools of smallholder coffee agroforests (CAFs) as they compare to a mixed dry forest (MDF) system. Data from 61 plots, covering a total area of 2.24 ha, was used to assess the aboveground, coarse root, and soil carbon reservoirs of the two land-use systems. Results of this research demonstrate the total carbon stocks of CAFs to range from 74.0 to 259.0 Megagrams (Mg)?C ha^?1 with a mean of 127.6?±?6.6 (SE)?Mg?C ha^?1. The average carbon stocks of CAFs was significantly lower than estimated for the MDF (198.7?±?32.1?Mg?C?ha^?1); however, individual tree and soil pools were not significantly different suggesting that agroforest shade trees play an important role in facilitating carbon sequestration and soil conservation. This research demonstrates the need for conservation-based initiatives which recognize the carbon sequestration benefits of coffee agroforests alongside natural forest systems.  相似文献   

Listerial mesenteric lymphadenitis in 3 cats     

Thomas W. Fluen  Michael Hardcastle  Matti Kiupel  Randolph M. Baral 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(4):1753-1758

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Invited review: Role of livestock in human nutrition and health for poverty reduction in developing countries   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Randolph TF  Schelling E  Grace D  Nicholson CF  Leroy JL  Cole DC  Demment MW  Omore A  Zinsstag J  Ruel M 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(11):2788-2800

Livestock keeping is critical for many of the poor in the developing world, often contributing to multiple livelihood objectives and offering pathways out of poverty. Livestock keeping also affects an indispensable asset of the poor, their human capital, through its impact on their own nutrition and health. This paper outlines the linkages between livestock keeping and the physical well-being of the poor, and examines a number of commonly held beliefs that misrepresent livestock development issues related to these linkages. These beliefs limit the scope of intervention programs to promote livestock and limit their potential contribution to poverty reduction. Recognition of the complexity of the role livestock play in household decision-making and of the opportunities foregone due to these misconceptions can enhance the ability of livestock to contribute to human well-being in the developing world.  相似文献   

Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Volume in Dogs with Congenital Portosystemic Vascular Anomalies before and after Surgical Ligation     

Todd A. Deppe  Sharon A. Center  Kenneth W. Simpson  Hollis N. Erb  John F. Randolph  Nathan L. Dykes  Amy E. Yeager  Arleigh J. Reynolds 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1999,13(5):465-471

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal volume were evaluated in dogs with confirmed portosystemic vascular anomalies (PSVA) before and after surgical ligation of their PSVA. Pre- and postligation CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasonography with measurement of renal volume, and per rectal scintigraphy were performed to document resolution of abnormalities consistent with portosystemic shunting. GFR was estimated by plasma 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) clearance before (n = 21) and after (n = 12) surgical correction of PSVA. Preligation 99mTc-DTPA GFR was increased (median, 5.64 mL/minute/kg; range, 3.53-8.49 mL/minute/kg; reference range, 2.83-4.47 mL/minute/kg) in 81% (17/21) of dogs. Postligation 99mTc-DTPA GFR decreased in all 12 evaluated dogs (median change = -42%; P < .001). Preligation renal volume was above the reference range for the left and right kidneys in 71% (10/14) and 69% (11/16) of dogs evaluated, respectively. Right renal volume decreased significantly (n = 5; median change, -45%; P = .03) after surgical ligation of PSVA. These findings document increased GFR and renal volume in dogs with PSVA, which may explain in part the low blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations encountered in these dogs. Knowledge of changes in GFR associated with PSVA ligation may prove helpful in the anesthetic, drug, and dietary management of affected dogs.  相似文献   

Establishing bacterial infectivity models in striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage) with Edwardsiella ictaluri     

Nguyen Ngoc Phuoc  Randolph Richards  Margaret Crumlish 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(3):371-378

A bacterial infectivity challenge model of Edwardsiella ictaluri in striped catfish was developed. All experiments were conducted using a bacterial isolate of E. ictaluri that had been recovered during a natural outbreak of bacillary necrosis of Pangasianodon (BNP) in farmed striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in Vietnam. Time of immersion in 10⁷ CFU.ml⁻¹ had a significant effect on mortality. The immersion bacterial dose of 10⁷ CFU/ml for 30 s resulted in a cumulative percentage mortality of 63%. Three to four days post-bacterial challenge, fish showed gross clinical signs of natural BNP and E. ictaluri was recovered and identified from these fish. Moreover, a cohabitation challenge was evaluated as an alternative challenge method, although the mortalities among the infected fish were lower at around 15%–40%. This study confirmed the horizontal transmission of E. ictaluri in striped catfish and elucidated that cohabitation challenge could be used in reproducing the disease under controlled conditions.  相似文献   

Efficacy of Low‐dose (2 millicurie) versus Standard‐dose (4 millicurie) Radioiodine Treatment for Cats with Mild‐to‐Moderate Hyperthyroidism          下载免费PDF全文

J.M. Lucy  M.E. Peterson  J.F. Randolph  P.V. Scrivani  M. Rishniw  D.L. Davignon  M.S. Thompson  J.M. Scarlett 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(2):326-334

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Recommendations for designing and conducting veterinary clinical pathology biologic variation studies          下载免费PDF全文

Kathleen P. Freeman  Randolph M. Baral  Navneet K. Dhand  Søren Saxmose Nielsen  Asger L. Jensen 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2017,46(2):211-220

The recent creation of a veterinary clinical pathology biologic variation website has highlighted the need to provide recommendations for future studies of biologic variation in animals in order to help standardize and improve the quality of published information and to facilitate review and selection of publications as standard references. The following recommendations are provided in the format and order commonly found in veterinary publications. A checklist is provided to aid in planning, implementing, and evaluating veterinary studies on biologic variation (Appendix  S1 ). These recommendations provide a valuable resource for clinicians, laboratorians, and researchers interested in conducting studies of biologic variation and in determining the quality of studies of biologic variation in veterinary laboratory testing.  相似文献