The Origin and Spread of Early-Ripening Champa Rice: It’s Impact on Song Dynasty China     

Randolph Barker 《Rice》2011,4(3-4):184-186

Often overlooked is the importance of early-maturing rice varieties with their ability to escape droughts, avoid floods, and in some localities, open up the opportunity for double cropping. Most varieties grown in the tropics until the last half century matured in 150 to 180 days or longer and were photoperiod sensitive. However, non-photoperiod sensitive one-hundred-day varieties were grown in the Champa Kingdom in what is now Central Vietnam centuries ago. How these varieties moved into Song Dynasty China and the impact of the early-ripening rice on population growth in South China is well documented. However, the origin of the Champa varieties is less clear. According to a recent DNA test (see below), the Champa varieties belong to the aus sub-population. The aus have the characteristics of both indica and japonica and originated in the hill areas of what are now Eastern India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. Because the Champa Kingdom adopted the Indian language and religion, at least in the higher courts, it seems logical that the Champa rice must have been disseminated from the hilly areas in the Indian sub-continent to Central Vietnam and eventually to China—first Fujian and later to the Yangtze region during the Song Dynasty in the eleventh century.  相似文献   

Effect of Phosphatidylcholine and Beta-Carotene Supplementation on Growth and Immune Response of Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,in Cool Water     

Ahmed Mustafa  Laura Randolph  Shree Dhawale 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(2):136-146

The effects of nutraceuticals in improving growth and immune response of Nile tilapia in cool water were investigated. Fish were reared in two different environments: warm water (28°C) and cool water (16°C). Fish reared in warm water (control) were provided with a basal commercial diet, while fish reared in cool water were provided with either the basal commercial diet (cool water control) or diets supplemented with nutraceuticals (either phosphatidylcholine or β-carotene). Experiments were conducted over an 8-week period. Fish held in warm water had significantly higher growth (p < 0.05), but condition factor, blood hematocrit, plasma glucose, and phagocytic capacity of macrophage cells were similar to fish held in cool water. Within the cool water groups (basal vs. supplemented diet), fish did not show any significant difference in condition factor, blood hematocrit, and phagocytic capacity of macrophage cells. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in glucose levels until the eighth week. Collectively these data indicate that a nutraceutical supplementation to the basal diet was not significantly beneficial. Despite slower growth, fish reared in cool water remained generally healthy. The observation that phagocytic capacity of macrophage cells was not significantly different suggests that disease resistance of tilapia grown in cool water may be comparable to those reared in warm water. Thus, our experiments suggest the feasibility of stocking or rearing tilapia in water temperatures as low as 16°C during cool weather, without need for supplementation to basal commercial feed.  相似文献   

Influence of dietary supplementation with (L)-carnitine on metabolic rate, fatty acid oxidation, body condition, and weight loss in overweight cats     

Center SA  Warner KL  Randolph JF  Sunvold GD  Vickers JR 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(7):1002-1015

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Biologic variability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in healthy dogs and dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease     

Randolph L. Winter  Ashley B. Saunders  Sonya G. Gordon  Jesse S. Buch  Matthew W. Miller 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(2):124-131

Introduction

To determine the biologic variability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) in healthy dogs and dogs with various stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).

Animals

Thirty-eight privately owned dogs: 28 with MMVD and 10 healthy controls.

Materials and methods

Prospective clinical study with comprehensive evaluation used to group dogs as healthy or into three stages of MMVD based on current guidelines. NTproBNP was measured hourly, daily, and weekly. For each group, analytical (CV_A), within-subject (CV_I), and between-subject (CV_G) coefficients of variability were calculated in addition to percent critical change value (CCV) and index of individuality (IoI).

Results

For healthy dogs, calculated NTproBNP values were: CV_A = 4.2%; CV_I = 25.2%; CV_G = 49.3%; IoI = 0.52, and CCV = 70.8%. For dogs with MMVD, calculated NTproBNP values were: CV_A = 6.2%; CV_I = 20.0%; CV_G = 61.3%; IoI = 0.34, and CCV = 58.2%.

Conclusions

Biologic variability affects NTproBNP concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD. Monitoring serial individual changes in NTproBNP may be clinically relevant in addition to using population-based reference ranges to determine changes in disease status.  相似文献   

Thyroid Cysts in Cats: A Retrospective Study of 40 Cases          下载免费PDF全文

M.L. Miller  M.E. Peterson  J.F. Randolph  M.R. Broome  G.D. Norsworthy  M. Rishniw 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(3):723-729

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Biological variation of biochemical analytes determined at 8-week intervals for 1 year in clinically healthy cats     

Stephanie M. Smith  Patrick C. Carney  Jennifer M. Prieto  Meredith L. Miller  John F. Randolph  Giosi Farace  Sarah Peterson  Graham Bilbrough  Mark E. Peterson 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2023,52(1):44-52

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Free Thyroxine Concentrations by Equilibrium Dialysis and Chemiluminescent Immunoassays in 13 Hypothyroid Dogs Positive for Thyroglobulin Antibody          下载免费PDF全文

J.F. Randolph  S.V. Lamb  J.L. Cheraskin  B.J. Schanbacher  V.J. Salerno  K.M. Mack  J.M. Scarlett  N.J. Place 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):877-881

Objective

To determine if concentrations of free thyroxine (FT4) measured by semi‐automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) correspond to FT4 determined by equilibrium dialysis (ED) in hypothyroid dogs positive for thyroglobulin antibody (TGA).

Animals

Thirteen TGA‐positive dogs classified as hypothyroid based on subnormal FT4 concentrations by ED.

Methods

Qualitative assessment of canine TGA was performed using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum total thyroxine and total triiodothyronine concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum FT4 concentration was determined by ED, and also by semi‐automated CLIA for human FT4 (FT4h) and veterinary FT4 (FT4v). Canine thyroid stimulating hormone concentration was measured by semi‐automated CLIA.

Results

Each dog''s comprehensive thyroid profile supported a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. For detection of hypothyroidism, sensitivities of CLIA for FT4h and FT4v were 62% (95% CI, 32–85%) and 75% (95% CI, 36–96%), respectively, compared to FT4 by ED. Five of 13 (38%) dogs had FT4h and 2 of 8 (25%) dogs had FT4v concentrations by CLIA that were increased or within the reference range. Percentage of false‐negative test results for FT4 by CLIA compared to ED was significantly (P < .0001 for FT4h and P < .001for FT4v) higher than the hypothesized false‐negative rate of 0%.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Caution should be exercised in screening dogs for hypothyroidism using FT4 measured by CLIA alone. Some (25–38%) TGA‐positive hypothyroid dogs had FT4 concentrations determined by CLIA that did not support a diagnosis of hypothyroidism.  相似文献   

Whole cell inactivated autogenous vaccine effectively protects red Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against francisellosis via intraperitoneal injection     

Jos Gustavo Ramírez‐Paredes  Miguel Angel Mendoza‐Roldan  Benjamin Lopez‐Jimena  Khalid Shahin  Matthijs Metselaar  Kim D. Thompson  David J. Penman  Randolph H. Richards  Alexandra Adams 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(8):1191-1200

Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis is a pathogen of tilapia and other warm‐water fish for which no vaccines are commercially available. In this study, a whole cell formalin‐inactivated vaccine was developed for the first time using the highly virulent isolate STIR‐GUS‐F2f7 and the oil‐based adjuvant Montanide? ISA 763A VG. The efficacy of the vaccine was assessed in red Nile tilapia via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection using homologous experimental infection and correlates of protection such as seral antibody production and bacterial loads in the spleen. For immunization, fish were i.p. injected with 0.1 ml of the vaccine, the adjuvant alone or PBS. At 840 degree days post‐vaccination, all fish were i.p. injected with 4.0 × 10³ CFU/fish of pathogenic bacteria. The RPS at the end of the trial was 100% in the vaccinated group with significantly higher survival than in the adjuvant and control groups. The RPS in the adjuvant group was 42%, and no significant difference was seen in survival between this and the PBS group. Moreover, significantly higher antibody titres in the serum and significantly lower bacterial loads in the spleen were detected in the vaccinated fish by ELISA and qPCR, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of autogenous vaccines for controlling francisellosis in tilapia.  相似文献   

Surgical management of an aberrant left subclavian artery originating from a left patent ductus arteriosus in a dog with a right aortic arch and abnormal branching     

Ashley B. Saunders  Randolph L. Winter  Jay F. Griffin  Kelley M. Thieman Mankin  Matthew W. Miller 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2013,15(2):153-159

An increase in the availability of advanced imaging modalities has led to improved recognition of cardiovascular anomalies. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides a non-invasive means of acquiring 3D images with a relatively short acquisition time thereby providing essential information in regards to patient anatomy and procedure planning. The dog in this report had a right aortic arch and abnormal branching with an aberrant left subclavian artery originating from the ampulla of a left patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) that was detected with CTA. The PDA was creating a volume overload to the left side of the heart as well as contributing to the vascular ring and compression of the esophagus. Therefore, ligation and transection instead of a minimally invasive catheter-based procedure was required. This aortic arch anomaly and surgical management have not been previously reported in dogs.  相似文献   

Synergistic use of very high-frequency radar and discrete-return lidar for estimating biomass in temperate hardwood and mixed forests   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Asim Banskota  Randolph H. Wynne  Patrick Johnson  Bomono Emessiene 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(2):347-356

• Introduction   

Accurate estimation of aboveground biomass is essential to better understand the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems.  相似文献