Physicochemical parameters for design and development of lead herbicide molecules: Is ‘Lipinski's rule of 5′ appropriate for herbicide discovery?     

Priyanka Rani  Bikash Kumar Rajak  Durg Vijay Singh 《Pest management science》2023,79(5):1931-1943

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Fertilizability of cryopreserved and cadaveric fish spermatozoa of freshwater catfish Pangasius sutchi (Fowler, 1937)          下载免费PDF全文

Kuppusamy Umaa Rani  Krishnamoorthy Dhanasekar  Natesan Munuswamy 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(5):1511-1518

Fertilizability of cryopreserved and cadaveric fish spermatozoa was attempted in the freshwater catfish Pangasius sutchi. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa was done with three cryoprotectants for short time storage (30 days). Whereas the spermatozoa obtained from the cadaveric fish were stored at ?20°C (30 days) without any cryoprotectants. Cryoprotectant toxicity assay showed maximum motility of 88.53 ± 2.01% and viability of spermatozoa (96.19 ± 4.92%) with 15% of Dimethyl acetamide (DMA) at 15 min equilibration time. Whereas Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (15%) registered moderate level of motility and viability 79.23 ± 2.02% and 80.89 ± 2.1%, respectively. However, the methanol (MeOH) (20%) resulted in low percentage of motility (58.6 ± 0.9%) and viability (68.6 ± 0.9%). Scanning electron micrographs further showed no significant deformity on the surface topography of spermatozoa of cadaveric fish as well as cryopreserved with DMA (15%). The results indicated that 15% of DMA with hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) extender at a dilution ratio of 1:10 at ?80°C proved to be suitable for cryopreservation of spermatozoa in P. sutchi. This may be due to the osmolality of HBSS similar to seminal plasma of P. sutchi. Further studies on motility, viability and fertility potential of spermatozoa revealed 73.62 ± 1.61%, 88.34 ± 1.05% and 54 ± 2.2%, respectively, with DMA (15%). On the other hand, cadaveric fish sperm registered 57.12 ± 2.32%, 63.45 ± 0.94% and 25.33 ± 1.53% of motility, viability and fertilizability respectively. Thus, this study augments the feasibility of using cryopreserved as well as cadaveric fish spermatozoa for the seedling production in the fresh water catfish P. sutchi.  相似文献   

Dietary lipid influences gonadal maturation,digestive enzymes and serum biochemical indices of Cyprinus carpio reared in biofloc system     

Peer Saba Manzoor  Kiran Dube Rawat  Virendra Kumar Tiwari  Nalini Poojary  Babitha Rani Asanaru Majeedkutty 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(8):3244-3254

An experiment was conducted for 120 days to evaluate optimum dietary lipid requirements for gonadal maturation of Cyprinus carpio fed with varying dietary lipid levels under biofloc‐based systems (BFT). About 180 fingerlings (22 g ± 0.05) were randomly distributed in 15 tanks (300 L) at the rate of 48 no./m² and fed with varying lipid levels (T1—4% lipid with BFT, T2—6% lipid with BFT, T3—8% lipid with BFT, T4—10% lipid with BFT, control—10% lipid without BFT). The C/N ratio of 20:1 was maintained using tapioca flour as carbon source. Biofloc units supplemented with 8% dietary lipid (T3) showed advanced maturation in terms of absolute fecundity (9,913 ± 7.62), relative fecundity (229.0/g ± 11.92), gonadosomatic index (24.47% ± 1.27), hepatosomatic index (1.97% ± 0.07), condition factor (0.02 g/cm³ ± 0.00) compared with control (clear water with 10% lipid) (p < .05). Histological observations of gonads also revealed that the biofloc groups with supplementation of 8% dietary lipid promoted gonadal maturation for female oocyte and 6% dietary lipid promoted maturation for males, compared with control (clear water with 10% lipid). The results obtained in this experiment elucidate that the biofloc improves gonadal maturation of common carp broodstock at a dietary supplementation with 8% lipid compared with conventional system of broodstock management.  相似文献   

Identification and fine-mapping of Xa33, a novel gene for resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae     

Kumar PN  Sujatha K  Laha GS  Rao KS  Mishra B  Viraktamath BC  Hari Y  Reddy CS  Balachandran SM  Ram T  Madhav MS  Rani NS  Neeraja CN  Reddy GA  Shaik H  Sundaram RM 《Phytopathology》2012,102(2):222-228

Broadening of the genetic base for identification and transfer of genes for resistance to insect pests and diseases from wild relatives of rice is an important strategy in resistance breeding programs across the world. An accession of Oryza nivara, International Rice Germplasm Collection (IRGC) accession number 105710, was identified to exhibit high level and broad-spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In order to study the genetics of resistance and to tag and map the resistance gene or genes present in IRGC 105710, it was crossed with the bacterial blight (BB)-susceptible varieties 'TN1' and 'Samba Mahsuri' (SM) and then backcrossed to generate backcross mapping populations. Analysis of these populations and their progeny testing revealed that a single dominant gene controls resistance in IRGC 105710. The BC(1)F(2) population derived from the cross IRGC 105710/TN1//TN1 was screened with a set of 72 polymorphic simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers distributed across the rice genome and the resistance gene was coarse mapped on chromosome 7 between the SSR markers RM5711 and RM6728 at a genetic distance of 17.0 and 19.3 centimorgans (cM), respectively. After analysis involving 49 SSR markers located between the genomic interval spanned by RM5711 and RM6728, and BC(2)F(2) population consisting of 2,011 individuals derived from the cross IRGC 105710/TN1//TN1, the gene was fine mapped between two SSR markers (RMWR7.1 and RMWR7.6) located at a genetic distance of 0.9 and 1.2 cM, respectively, from the gene and flanking it. The linkage distances were validated in a BC(1)F(2) mapping population derived from the cross IRGC 105710/SM//2 × SM. The BB resistance gene present in the O. nivara accession was identified to be novel based on its unique map location on chromosome 7 and wider spectrum of BB resistance; this gene has been named Xa33. The genomic region between the two closely flanking SSR markers was in silico analyzed for putatively expressed candidate genes. In total, eight genes were identified in the region and a putative gene encoding serinethreonine kinase appears to be a candidate for the Xa33 gene.  相似文献   

Effect of soil compaction by tractor traffic on soil structure, denitrification, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. R. BARKEN  T. BØSRRESEN  A. NJØSS 《European Journal of Soil Science》1987,38(3):541-552

In a field experiment with soil compaction by tractor traffic on a loam soil, the denitrification rate (using the C₂H₂ inhibition method), the soil structure, and the wheat yield were investigated. Tractor traffic on wet soil (> – 50 mbar matric potential) reduced the pore volume, doubled the percentage of large aggregates (> 20 mm), reduced the wheat yield by about 25%, and increased the N-loss through denitrification by a factor of 3–4. Neither of these parameters were affected by tractor traffic at low soil moisture content. The weight of the tractor (1800 kg vs 4800 kg) did not significantly alter the effect of compaction on the measured parameters. There was a factor of 2–6 between the measured denitrification rate in compacted and that in uncompacted soil, and this factor showed little dependence on the average activity level on each date of measurement. Accumulated values for the measured denitrification during 75 days (May 23-August 9) were 3–5 kg N ha^–1 in uncompacted soil and 15–20 kg N ha^–1 in soil which was compacted in wet condition.  相似文献   

Bioactivities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cocos nucifera</Emphasis> L. (Arecales: Arecaceae) and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Terminalia catappa</Emphasis> L. (Myrtales: Combretaceae) leaf extracts as post-harvest grain protectants against four major stored product pests     

Pathipati Usha Rani  Thanniru Venkateshwaramma  Peta Devanand 《Journal of pest science》2011,84(2):235-247

Compounds extracted from the leaves of coconut palm, Cocos nucifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae) and the Indian almond, Terminalia catappa L. (Myrtales: Combretaceae) were assessed as potential grain protectants against four major pests of stored grains, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The crude leaf extracts and their fractions were obtained by solvent elution and bioassayed in the laboratory, focusing on (a) the duration of protection and (b) their effects on progeny production. Results showed that adults of C. chinensis, S. oryzae, and T. castaneum were equally susceptible to the fumigant toxicity of C. nucifera and T. catappa crude extracts as well as their column eluted fractions. On the contrary, adults of R. dominica showed tolerance to all the extracts tested in both fumigation and contact mode bioassays. Cocos nucifera crude extracts were highly effective in offering long-term protection in residual toxicity trials and along with the crude extracts of T. catappa showed strong repellent properties against the tested species except for R. dominica in a Y-tube olfactometer. Generally, the chromatographic fractions of crude leaf extracts eluted with ethyl acetate were significantly more effective than methanol, chloroform or hexane-eluted fractions. Further, all the tested plant extracts demonstrated a negative impact on several biological parameters such as feeding activity and progeny production of the tested species. These results highlight the potential of C. nucifera and T. catapa extracts as potent insecticides, feeding deterrents and progeny production inhibitors and consequently are suitable for the control of pests in stored commodities.  相似文献   

First evidence of Kunjin strain of West Nile virus associated with saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) skin lesions     

SR Isberg  JL Moran  R De Araujo  N Elliott  SS Davis  L Melville 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(10):390-393

Recently, the Kunjin strain of West Nile virus (WNV_KUN) has been detected using qRT‐PCR in belly skin lesions of farmed juvenile saltwater crocodiles. This follows an established association between similar lesions and West Nile virus in American alligators. The lesions present as cutaneous lymphohistiocytic aggregates in the dermal layers of both species. While these lesion do not create an obvious defect on the live crocodile, upon tanning the lesion area collapses and does not uptake the dye evenly, thus reducing its aesthetic appeal. As a result, skins are being rejected jeopardising the economic viability of the Australian crocodile industry. Over 50 skin lesions have since been confirmed as WNV_KUN‐positive and preliminary evidence of lesion restructuring is presented. Horizontal transmission of WNV_KUN by mosquitoes is well‐established but other transmission routes, such as ingestion and cloacal shedding, need further evaluation. An infection trial is currently underway to ensure WNV_KUN is the causative agent of these skin lesions.  相似文献   

Clinical and pathological responses of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) to experimental infection with bovine ephemeral fever virus—Chinese strain     

BAI WENBIN  ZHANG ZIGANG  JIANG CHUNLING  MF. UREN  SS. DAVIS 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(11):373-374

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Ration restriction,compensatory growth and pituitary growth hormone gene expression in Labeo rohita     

C. K. Srijila  A. M. Babitha Rani  P. Girish Babu  V. K. Tiwari 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(5):1703-1710

An experiment to investigate the compensatory growth (CG) response of Labeo rohita was conducted in two phases: a first phase (6 weeks) in which triplicate groups of fish were subjected to feed restriction (5, 25, 50 and 75 % of satiation) or satiation feeding (control) and a second phase (6 weeks) of satiation feeding for all treatment groups. CG in body weight occurred in groups which were under moderate feed restriction (50–75 % of satiation) under phase 1, but more severe feed restrictions resulted in lower weight gain. Improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.6 ± 0.05 and 1.9 ± 0.03) relative to control (2.1 ± 0.06) was observed in the fish that displayed CG following moderate feed restriction (50–75 % of satiation). At the end of the experiment, body moisture, lipid and protein content were not significantly different between moderately restricted fish and the control. After the first phase, there was no significant difference in the expression of pituitary growth hormone (GH) gene between groups, but at the end of the experiment, significantly lower GH expression was observed in the fish subjected to a restriction of 25 and 50 % of satiation during phase 1. Exploiting the ability of fishes to undergo CG in terms of weight gain and improved FCR without major changes in body composition can be considered as an effective management practice.  相似文献   

Surface modifications of natural Kanchipuram silk (pattu) fibers using glow discharge air Plasma     

K. Vinisha Rani  N. Hari Prakash  Infant Solomon  Bornali Sarma  Arun Sarma 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(1):52-58

Experimental investigations have been carried out to modify the surface properties of natural Kanchipuram silk (pattu) fibers using a low temperature DC glow discharge air Plasma. Silk is an externally spun fibrous protein secretion formed into fibers. Plasma treatment is an eco-friendly, dry, and clean process over wet chemical method and does not suffer from any environmental and health concerns. Experiments have been performed considering three parameters such as discharge current, treatment time, and working pressure. The structural, thermal, morphological, optical, and mechanical studies of raw and plasma treated silk fibers have been obtained out using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), diffuse absorbance spectroscopy, and tensile test. A comparative study has been done for the untreated and different treated fibers. Various characterization analyses reveal that surface roughness of the plasma treated silk fiber is increased and also crystallite size of treated samples is enhanced, plasma treated silk fibers maintain the whiteness effect and it is observed that UV transmittance region (A & B) is more for the treated fiber which signifies enhanced UV protection.  相似文献