Patent ductus arteriosus surgery in small dogs     

J W Buchanan  L R Soma  D F Patterson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1967,151(6):701-707

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A segment of biochemical research     

Buchanan JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,208(4445):722-723

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Chemical composition of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) grown on acid sulfate soils     

Rasmus Fältmarsch  Peter Österholm  Gunnar Jacks 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(3):423-433

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of soil geochemistry on the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, P, Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) grown on acid sulfate (AS) soils in Western Finland. A total of 11 topsoil (0–20 cm) and corresponding cabbage samples and three whole‐soil profiles (≈ 0–260 cm) were collected on three agricultural fields. The concentrations of Co and Zn in cabbage were correlated with the NH₄Ac‐extractable (easily available) concentrations in the topsoil, indicating that the uptake of these elements in cabbage is largely governed by soil geochemistry. Yet, the concentrations of Co and Zn in cabbage were not in general elevated relative to that of Finnish average values, although some AS soils showed enriched concentrations of these metals in the soil and cabbage. Significant geochemical differences (e.g., oxidation depth, organic‐matter and S content, pH) were observed among the studied AS soils, while, on the other hand, the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, P, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Fe in cabbage were relatively similar. The hydroxylamine‐extractable concentrations of these elements in the topsoil were not correlated to those in cabbage, suggesting that uptake is not governed by the oxide‐bound fraction of these elements in the soil. Similarly, the easily available concentrations of Ca, P, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Fe in the topsoil were not correlated to those in cabbage, indicating that uptake is independent of the easily available concentrations in the soil. Hence, it is suggested that cabbage can regulate and thus optimize its concentrations of Ca, P, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Fe. Oxidation depth affected neither the easily available concentrations of Co, Ni, Zn, and Mn in the topsoil nor the concentrations in cabbage. However, the subsoil with a lower oxidation depth, which is to a smaller extent affected by leaching, may partly be enriched in these metals. Nevertheless, these showed no increased concentrations in cabbage. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the large amounts of metals mobilized in AS soils are easily lost to drains, subsequently contaminating nearby waterways and estuaries whereas they are only partly enriched in cabbage and other previously studied crops (oat).  相似文献   

Effects of intravenously administrated omeprazole on gastric juice pH and gastric ulcer scores in adult horses     

Andrews FM  Frank N  Sommardahl CS  Buchanan BR  Elliott SB  Allen VA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(5):1202-1206

The study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of omeprazole powder in sterile water, administered intravenously, on gastric juice pH in adult horses with naturally occurring gastric ulcers. Omeprazole (0.5 mg/kg, IV) was administered once daily for 5 days to 6 adult horses with gastric ulcers. Gastric juice was aspirated through the biopsy channel of an endoscope and pH was measured before and 1 hour after administration of omeprazole on day 1, and then before and after administration of omeprazole on day 5. Gastric ulcer scores were recorded on day 1 before administration of omeprazole and on day 5, 23 hours after the 4th daily dose. Gastric juice pH and ulcer scores were compared between the times. When compared with the pre-injection value (2.01 +/- 0.42), mean +/- SD gastric juice pH was significantly higher when measured 1 hour after administration of the initial dose (4.35 +/- 2.31), and before (5.27 +/- 1.74) and 1 hour after (7.00 +/- 0.25) administration of omeprazole on day 5. Nonglandular gastric ulcer number score significantly decreased from a mean +/- SD of 3.2 +/- 0.80 to 2.0 +/- 1.1, but nonglandular gastric ulcer severity score remained the same. Few glandular ulcers were seen in the study, and scores did not change. Because of its potent and long duration of action on gastric juice pH, this intravenous formulation of omeprazole may show promise for treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) in horses with dysphagia, gastric reflux, or other conditions that restrict oral intake of omeprazole paste. Aspiration of gastric juice and measurement of pH can be of use to determine whether the desired pH > 4.0 has been reached after omeprazole treatment.  相似文献   

Kepler-36: a pair of planets with neighboring orbits and dissimilar densities     

Carter JA  Agol E  Chaplin WJ  Basu S  Bedding TR  Buchhave LA  Christensen-Dalsgaard J  Deck KM  Elsworth Y  Fabrycky DC  Ford EB  Fortney JJ  Hale SJ  Handberg R  Hekker S  Holman MJ  Huber D  Karoff C  Kawaler SD  Kjeldsen H  Lissauer JJ  Lopez ED  Lund MN  Lundkvist M  Metcalfe TS  Miglio A  Rogers LA  Stello D  Borucki WJ  Bryson S  Christiansen JL  Cochran WD  Geary JC  Gilliland RL  Haas MR  Hall J  Howard AW  Jenkins JM  Klaus T  Koch DG  Latham DW  MacQueen PJ  Sasselov D  Steffen JH  Twicken JD  Winn JN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6094):556-559

In the solar system, the planets' compositions vary with orbital distance, with rocky planets in close orbits and lower-density gas giants in wider orbits. The detection of close-in giant planets around other stars was the first clue that this pattern is not universal and that planets' orbits can change substantially after their formation. Here, we report another violation of the orbit-composition pattern: two planets orbiting the same star with orbital distances differing by only 10% and densities differing by a factor of 8. One planet is likely a rocky "super-Earth," whereas the other is more akin to Neptune. These planets are 20 times more closely spaced and have a larger density contrast than any adjacent pair of planets in the solar system.  相似文献   

In Vivo Transfection of Adult Eastern Oysters Crassostrea virginica     

John T.  Buchanan Ta Chi  Cheng  Jerome F. La  Peyre Richard K.  Cooper Terrence R.  Tiersch 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2001,32(3):286-299

The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica provides a commercially valuable industry along the eastern and Gulf coasts of the United States. Recently this industry has been damaged by disease problems, creating an interest in the use of gene transfer (transfection) to improve disease resistance. We transfected adult oysters with two genes, red-shifted green fluorescent protein ( rsGFP ), commonly used as a reporter gene, and the lytic peptide cecropin B ( cepB ), known to have antimicrobial properties. Oysters were transfected by injecting DNA mixed with SuperFect™ reagent (Qiagen Inc.) into the adductor muscle sinus. Oysters were assigned to three groups of 15: the first was injected with rsGFP complexed with transfecting reagent: the second was injected with cepB complexed with transfectlng reagent; and the third was injected with saline (control group). Hemolymph was collected at 4 and 10 d after injection. DNA was extracted for analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and hemocytes were examined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy for detection of green fluorescence due to rsGFP expression. The rsGFP gene was detected by PCR in hemocytes from 14 of 15 oysters at day 4, and in 15 of 15 oysters at day 10. The cepB gene was detected by PCR in 12 of 15 oysters at day 4 and in 14 of 15 oysters at day 10. No oysters from the control group were positive for either gene at days 4 or 10. Green fluorescence was detected by flow cytometry at significantly higher levels ( P < 0.05) in oysters injected with rsGFP than in other oysters at day 4, but not at day 10. This report indicates the ability to introduce DNA into adult eastern oysters with subsequent gene expression. Future work will involve developing these techniques for enhanced disease resistance in oysters.  相似文献   

Milk production of crossbred daughters of high- and low-milk EPD Angus and Hereford bulls.     

J A Minick  D S Buchanan  S D Rupert 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(6):1386-1393

Milk yield from 273 Angus- and Hereford-sired cows and preweaning performance of their calves were used to determine how accurately milk EPD of Angus and Hereford sires predicted milk production of crossbred daughters and subsequent calf performance. Mean milk EPD (kg) for high Angus (HA), low Angus (LA), high Hereford (HH), and low Hereford (LH) bulls (n = 41) selected as sires were +8.7, -6.2, +7.6, and -4.8, respectively. Cows calved in spring or fall from 1992 to 1997 and yielded a total of 660 records. Twenty-four-hour milk production of the cows was estimated by two weigh-suckle-weigh measurements at monthly intervals. The statistical model included breed, milk EPD level, sire of cow within breed and milk EPD level, year, season, cow age, calf sire, sex, and all two- and three-way interactions. Means were obtained for monthly milk production, total milk production, time and yield of peak production, monthly calf weights, monthly cow weights and body condition scores (1 through 9), and calf birth and weaning data. The least squares means for 24-h milk production (kg) of HA, LA, HH, and LH with P-values for high vs low, across breeds, were, respectively, as follows: mo 1: 6.9, 5.9, 7.1, and 5.7 (P < 0.01); mo 2: 7.2, 6.1, 6.9, and 5.7 (P < 0.01); mo 3: 6.1, 5.1, 5.1, and 4.3 (P = 0.01); mo 4: 6.1, 4.9, 4.9, and 4.8 (P = 0.01); mo 5: 4.8, 4.0, 4.2, and 3.8 (P = 0.01); mo 6: 4.7, 3.4, 3.2, and 3.0 (P < 0.01); and mo 7: 3.7, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.0 (P = 0.05). Least squares means for total milk (kg) were 911.4, 729.6, 758.0, and 664.2 (P < 0.01); for yield at peak (kg/d) were 7.0, 5.7, 6.1, and 5.2 (P < 0.01); for birth weight (kg) were 37.1, 37.9, 38.3, and 38.8 (P = 0.31); for 205-d weight (kg) were 237.3, 218.2, 222.2, and 214.1 (P < 0.01); for final cow weight (kg) were 482.4, 505.4, 509.5, and 511.7 (P = 0.11); and for final cow BCS were 4.9, 5.3, 5.1, and 5.2 (P < 0.01). The correlations of total production with the monthly productions were 0.52, 0.56, 0.52, 0.54, 0.35, 0.37, and 0.31 (P < 0.01) and were 0.12 with birth weight, 0.45 with 205-d weight, -0.12 with final cow weight, and -0.26 with final cow body condition score (all P < 0.01). Daughters of high-milk EPD sires produced more milk and weaned heavier calves than those of low-milk EPD sires at the expense of body condition. These results suggest that sire milk EPD are sufficiently associated with milk yield and calf performance to be useful tools in genetic improvement of preweaning performance.  相似文献   

A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects multiple susceptibility variants     

Scott LJ  Mohlke KL  Bonnycastle LL  Willer CJ  Li Y  Duren WL  Erdos MR  Stringham HM  Chines PS  Jackson AU  Prokunina-Olsson L  Ding CJ  Swift AJ  Narisu N  Hu T  Pruim R  Xiao R  Li XY  Conneely KN  Riebow NL  Sprau AG  Tong M  White PP  Hetrick KN  Barnhart MW  Bark CW  Goldstein JL  Watkins L  Xiang F  Saramies J  Buchanan TA  Watanabe RM  Valle TT  Kinnunen L  Abecasis GR  Pugh EW  Doheny KF  Bergman RN  Tuomilehto J  Collins FS  Boehnke M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5829):1341-1345

Identifying the genetic variants that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans has been a formidable challenge. Adopting a genome-wide association strategy, we genotyped 1161 Finnish T2D cases and 1174 Finnish normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) controls with >315,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed genotypes for an additional >2 million autosomal SNPs. We carried out association analysis with these SNPs to identify genetic variants that predispose to T2D, compared our T2D association results with the results of two similar studies, and genotyped 80 SNPs in an additional 1215 Finnish T2D cases and 1258 Finnish NGT controls. We identify T2D-associated variants in an intergenic region of chromosome 11p12, contribute to the identification of T2D-associated variants near the genes IGF2BP2 and CDKAL1 and the region of CDKN2A and CDKN2B, and confirm that variants near TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, FTO, PPARG, and KCNJ11 are associated with T2D risk. This brings the number of T2D loci now confidently identified to at least 10.  相似文献   

The effects of processing barley and maize on metabolic and digestive responses in horses     

Nana W Thorringer  Martin R Weisberg  Rasmus B Jensen 《Journal of animal science》2020,98(12)

The competition for customers increases the search for new grain processing methods for equine feed, but the effect on starch digestibility and metabolic responses varies. Therefore, to evaluate the effect of the processing methods, toasting and micronizing, on starch digestion and the effect on metabolic responses, the mobile bag technique (MBT) and plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in the blood were used to estimate nutrient disappearance and metabolic responses pre-cecally. Further, cecal pH, ammonium nitrogen (N), and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were used to estimate the metabolic response in the cecum. Four cecally cannulated horses (body weight [BW] 565 ± 35 kg) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four periods of 8 d of diet adaptation and 2 d of data collection. Diets were formulated using hay and processed grains: micronized barley (MB), toasted barley (TB), micronized maize (MM), and toasted maize (TM) and were balanced to provide 1 g starch/kg BW in the morning meal. On day 9 in each period, blood and cecal fluid samples were taken before the morning meal and hourly thereafter for 8 h. On day 10 in each period, 15 bags of either MB, TB, MM, or TM (1 × 1 × 12 cm; 15 μm pore size; 1 g feed) were placed in the stomach, respectively. The dry matter disappearance was highest for the MM at all time points compared with the other feedstuffs (P < 0.001). Maize and micronizing had the highest starch disappearance (P = 0.048) compared with barley and toasting. No treatment effect was measured for any of the glucose and insulin parameters. No feed effect was measured for the insulin parameters. Plasma glucose peaked later (P = 0.045) for maize than for barley, and TB had a larger area under the curve for glucose than MB, MM, and TM (P = 0.015). The concentration of total SCFA increased after feeding (P < 0.001), with a higher concentration for barley than for maize (P = 0.044). No treatment or feed effects were measured for ammonium N or pH, but both were affected by time (P < 0.001). In conclusion, toasting was not as efficient as micronizing to improve pre-cecal starch digestibility; therefore, the preferred processing method for both barley and maize is micronizing. Further, the amount of starch escaping enzymatical digestion in the small intestine was higher than expected.  相似文献   

Stability of expression of reference genes in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear and dendritic cells     

Facci MR  Auray G  Meurens F  Buchanan R  van Kessel J  Gerdts V 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,141(1-2):11-15

Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a critical tool used to evaluate changes in gene expression. The precision of this tool is reliant upon the selection of reference genes whose expression remains unaltered in culture conditions and following stimulation. Stably expressed reference genes are used to normalize data so observed changes in expression are not due to artifacts but rather reflect physiological changes. In this study, we examined the expression stability of the porcine genes glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA), eukaryotic elongation factor 1 gamma-like protein (eEF1), ribosomal protein L19 (RPL19), beta-actin (ACTB) and ATP synthase mitochondrial F0 complex (ATP5G1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), blood isolated dendritic cells (BDCs) and T cells with or without stimulation with lipolysaccharide (LPS). An M value was used as a measure of gene stability as determined using geNORM software. Recommendations for the use of reference genes include using GAPDH and B-actin in PBMCs: RPL19 and SDHA in T cells; RPL19 and B-actin in monocytes; RPL-19 and SDHA in BDCs: and RPL-19 and ATP5GA in MoDCs.  相似文献