Listeria methods development research at the Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R L Buchanan  J L Smith  H G Stahl  D L Archer 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1988,71(3):651-654

Listeria methods research at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, has concentrated on 2 areas during the past year. The first was development of techniques for assessing isolation methods for their ability to detect sublethally stressed cells. It appears that a number of widely used media do not accurately detect Listeria that have been injured by thermal processing or acidification. The second was development of improved plating media. One, modified Vogel-Johnson agar, shows promise; it is highly selective and quantitative, and eliminates the need to select colonies on the basis of a blue color when illuminated with reflected light.  相似文献   

Likelihood-based inference for clustered line transect data     

Rasmus Waagepetersen  Tore Schweder 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2006,11(3):264-279

The uncertainty in estimation of spatial animal density from line transect surveys depends on the degree of spatial clustering in the animal population. To quantify the clustering we model line transect data as independent thinnings of spatial shot-noise Cox processes. Likelihood-based inference is implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to obtain efficient estimates of spatial clustering parameters. Uncertainty is addressed using parametric bootstrap or by consideration of posterior distributions in a Bayesian setting. Maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian inference are compared in an example concerning minke whales in the northeast Atlantic.  相似文献   

Isolation,properties and induction of plaice liver cytosolic glutathione-S-transferases     

Stephen G. George  Gordon Buchanan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1990,8(6):437-449

Three cytosolic glutathione S-transferases [E.C. 2.5.1.18] were identified in liver of a marine flatfish, the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and the two major isoforms were purified to homogeneity. There was no evidence for the presence of basic transferases. The plaice GST's exhibited comparable hematin binding to rat ligandin, however, bilirubin was only bound weakly and the enzymes did not display the inhibition characteristics of ligandin. They were extremely sensitive to inhibition by organotin compounds. Plaice transferase A was a homodimer of Mr 27 kDa subunits; it displayed strongest activity with CDNB and some activity with DCNB as substrates. Specific antibodies to it did not show any relationship with other plaice GST's or rat GST subunits 1,2,3,4,7,8 or 10. Plaice transferase B was a homodimer of Mr 25 kDa subunits, it displayed similar activities with CDNB and DCNB as substrates to transferase A and a low activity with ethacrynic acid or p-nitrobenzylchloride. It was immunologically related to the rat alpha class transferase subunits 1,2 and 8. A minor form, transferase AM, which was not separated from transferase A, appeared to be a heterodimer of Mr 25.5 and 27 kDa subunits. It displayed a greater activity with DCNB than the other plaice GST's and some activity with bromosulphalein indicative of a possible relationship with the Mu class transferases.  相似文献   

Paraneoplastic leukocytosis associated with a rectal adenomatous polyp in a dog.     

J P Thompson  M M Christopher  G W Ellison  B L Homer  B A Buchanan 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,201(5):737-738

A dog with a rectal adenomatous polyp had extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytosis, and eosinophilia consistent with a paraneoplastic syndrome. Resolution of the leukogram abnormalities after tumor excision supported this belief. Except for a lack of circulating myeloblasts, the dog had leukogram findings consistent with a neutrophilic leukemoid reaction.  相似文献   

Effect of heat stress on early embryonic development in the beef cow   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

B G Biggers  R D Geisert  R P Wetteman  D S Buchanan 《Journal of animal science》1987,64(5):1512-1518

Hereford and Hereford X Angus cows (n = 31) were utilized to determine the effects of heat stress on early embryonic development and survival. After acclimation to handling, cows were cannulated via the jugular vein on d 7 and assigned to either a control (C) chamber environment of 22 C, 35% relative humidity (RH) or one of two heat stress treatments. Ambient temperature was maintained at 37 C for 12 h followed by a decrease to 33 C for the remainder of the day in both treatment groups. Relative humidity was maintained at 27% in treatment 1 (TRT 1) and 38% in treatment 2 (TRT 2). On d 8 to 16, daily measurements of respiration rate (RES), rectal temperature (REC) and water intake were taken along with samples of blood, which were analyzed for hematocrit (HEM) and plasma concentration of protein (PP), progesterone (P4), estradiol-17 beta (E2), thyroxine (T4) and glucose (GLU). The uterus was recovered and flushed with saline on d 17 to recover the conceptus and uterine contents. Conceptus (if present) and corpus luteum (CL) wet weight were determined. Cows subjected to TRT 2 had increased RES and REC (P less than .01), while HEM was decreased (P less than .05) compared with C cows. Plasma T4 concentration was decreased (P less than .10) in TRT 2 compared with TRT 1 and cows, while P4 concentration were not significantly different. Corpora lutea wet weights were reduced (P less than .10) in heat-stressed cows vs C cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Growth performance for four breeds of swine: crossbred females and purebred and crossbred boars     

D G McLaren  D S Buchanan  R K Johnson 《Journal of animal science》1987,64(1):99-108

Purebred and two-breed cross (F1) boars were mated to F1 females to produce all possible three- and four-breed cross pigs involving the Duroc, Yorkshire, Landrace and Spotted breeds. Individual postweaning average daily gain (ADG), age at 100 kg (AGE) and probed backfat thickness at 100 kg (BF) data were collected on 3,456 pigs. A total of 213 pens with an average of 15.58 pigs per pen was evaluated for postweaning feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) and average daily feed consumption (ADF). Genotype X environment interactions, specifically breed X year-season farrowed and breed X parity (for ADG), were found to be highly significant. Certain results, however, were reasonably consistent across environments. Duroc-sired pigs grew more efficiently than other sire breed groups (3.11 vs 3.21 F/G), although there were no significant differences in ADF between sire groups. Duroc-sired pigs had less BF than other three-breed cross pigs, based upon within breed of dam comparisons, suggesting differences in composition between the more efficient Duroc-sired pigs and other breed groups. Landrace-sired pigs were fatter than other sire groups. No real differences between crossbred-sired pigs and the average of contemporary pure-bred-sired pigs were apparent for F/G, ADF, ADG, AGE, or BF. Assuming paternal heterosis to be zero, these results suggested recombination effects to be negligible for postweaning performance traits. Apart from via direct genetic effects, mating crossbred rather than purebred boars to females of different breeding should have little or no impact on feedlot performance of offspring produced.  相似文献   

Study on biological variation of haemostatic parameters in clinically healthy dogs     

Wiinberg B  Jensen AL  Kjelgaard-Hansen M  Rojkjaer R  Johansson PI  Gade LP  Gram DX  Kristensen AT 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,174(1):62-68

Thromboelastography (TEG) may be a valuable supplement to the coagulation assays activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen, antithrombin (AT) and D-Dimer currently used in most clinical pathology laboratories. Allowable imprecision and bias reference limits for analytical tests can be calculated based on measurements of biological variation. No studies to date have examined the effect of biological variation on these haemostasis parameters in the same group of dogs. Plasma samples were collected after a set protocol once weekly for five consecutive weeks from eight healthy dogs (four males and four females) and stored at -80 degrees C until analysis. Randomized duplicate coagulation tests and TEG analyses were performed on all plasma samples within one run. The data were analyzed for outliers and subsequently subjected to nested analysis of variance to obtain the coefficient of analytical, intra-individual and inter-individual variation. From these objective analytical performance standards for imprecision, critical difference, total error and the index of individuality were calculated to assess the utility of conventional population-based reference ranges. All the clotting times (aPTT, PT and TT), fibrinogen, AT and D-Dimer showed a degree of individuality, which may make the use of population-based reference ranges alone an insensitive interpretation criterion, whereas a population-based reference interval seems to be sensitive for interpreting all TEG parameters. Analytical performance standards for imprecision were only met for one of the coagulation assays, whereas all TEG parameters except the alpha angle, alpha achieved this analytical goal.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the combined glucose-insulin and intravenous glucose tolerance tests for insulin dysregulation diagnosis in donkeys     

Francisco Javier Mendoza  Sebastian Mejia-Moreira  Ben R. Buchanan  Ramiro E. Toribio  Alejandro Perez-Ecija 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(3):531-540

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Price formation of the salmon aquaculture futures market     

Isaac Ankamah-Yeboah  Max Nielsen  Rasmus Nielsen 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3):376-399

ABSTRACT

This study examines price formation of the internationally traded salmon futures exchange. Analyzing data from 2006 to 2015, the study identifies the co-integration relationship between the spot market price and 1–6-, 9- and 12-month futures contract prices. With exception of the 12-month maturity futures price, the unbiasedness hypothesis is shown to hold, thus evidence of risk neutrality and efficiency among the co-integrated pairs. Further, it is evident that the spot price provides leadership role in the price discovery function for the 1-, 2- and 6-months futures contract. On the contrary, the 3-, 4-, 5-, 9- and 12-months futures contracts provide the expected leadership role in the price discovery function, a case that supports a matured market that can be considered a necessary price risk management tool. The mixed finding is an indication of a maturing or near matured futures market. Analysis of the term structure of futures volatilities reveal that the shorter the length of the futures contract, the more volatility there is. This is because salmon prices exhibit short-term cyclical and seasonal patterns like other agricultural commodities. As such, salmon producers will be better off hedging in far month futures contracts, ceteris paribus.  相似文献   

A comparative review of fisheries management experiences in the European Union and in other countries worldwide: Iceland,Australia, and New Zealand          下载免费PDF全文

Paul Marchal  Jesper Levring Andersen  Martin Aranda  Mike Fitzpatrick  Leyre Goti  Olivier Guyader  Gunnar Haraldsson  Aaron Hatcher  Troels Jacob Hegland  Pascal Le Floc'h  Claire Macher  Loretta Malvarosa  Christos D Maravelias  Simon Mardle  Arantza Murillas  J Rasmus Nielsen  Rosaria Sabatella  Anthony D M Smith  Kevin Stokes  Thomas Thoegersen  Clara Ulrich 《Fish and Fisheries》2016,17(3):803-824

This study compares the details and performance of fisheries management between the EU and a selection of other countries worldwide: Iceland, New Zealand, and Australia, which are considered in many respects to be among the most advanced in the world in fisheries management. Fisheries management in the EU, Iceland, Australia, and New Zealand has developed following different paths, despite being based on similar instruments and principles. Iceland, Australia, and New Zealand have been at the forefront of developing management practices such as stakeholder involvement, legally binding management targets (Australia, New Zealand), individual transferable quotas, and discard bans (Iceland, New Zealand). The EU has since the beginning of the 21st century taken significant steps to better involve stakeholders and establish quantitative targets through management plans, and a landing obligation is gradually being implemented from 2015 onward. The management of domestic fisheries resources in Australia, New Zealand, and Iceland has, overall, performed better than in the EU, in terms of conservation and economic efficiency. It should, however, be stressed that, compared to Australia, New Zealand, and Iceland, (i) initial over‐capacity was more of an issue in the EU when management measures became legally binding and also that (ii) EU has been progressive in developing common enforcement standards, on stocks shared by sovereign nations. The situation of EU fisheries has substantially improved over the period 2004–2013 in the northeast Atlantic, with fishery status getting close to that in the other jurisdictions, but the lack of recovery for Mediterranean fish stocks remains a concern.  相似文献