Wastes generated during the storage of extra virgin olive oil as a natural source of phenolic compounds     

Lozano-Sánchez J  Giambanelli E  Quirantes-Piné R  Cerretani L  Bendini A  Segura-Carretero A  Fernández-Gutiérrez A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11491-11500

Phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) have been associated with beneficial effects for health. Indeed, these compounds exert strong antiproliferative effects on many pathological processes, which has stimulated chemical characterization of the large quantities of wastes generated during olive oil production. In this investigation, the potential of byproducts generated during storage of EVOO as a natural source of antioxidant compounds has been evaluated using solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction processes followed by rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) coupled to electrospray time-of-flight and ion trap mass spectrometry (TOF/IT-MS). These wastes contain polyphenols belonging to different classes such as phenolic acids and alcohols, secoiridoids, lignans, and flavones. The relationship between phenolic and derived compounds has been tentatively established on the basis of proposed degradation pathways. Finally, qualitative and quantitative characterizations of solid and aqueous wastes suggest that these byproducts can be considered an important natural source of phenolic compounds, mainly hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone, and luteolin, which, after suitable purification, could be used as food antioxidants or as ingredients in nutraceutical products due to their interesting technological and pharmaceutical properties.  相似文献   

Pleural omentalisation with en bloc ligation of the thoracic duct and pericardiectomy for idiopathic chylothorax in nine dogs and four cats     

Roberto Bussadori  Alessandra Provera  Marina Martano  Emanuela Morello  Jos Manuel Gonzalo-Orden  Giuseppe La Rosa  Nicoli Stefano  Repetto Silvia Maria  Zabarino Sara  Paolo Buracco 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,188(2):234-236

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Western European epidemiological survey for parvovirus and coronavirus infections in dogs     

Nicola Decaro  Costantina Desario  Monica Billi  Viviana Mari  Gabriella Elia  Alessandra Cavalli  Vito Martella  Canio Buonavoglia 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,187(2):195-199

An epidemiological survey for canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV) infections was conducted in Western Europe. A total of 156 faecal samples were collected from dogs with diarrhoea in Spain (n = 47), Italy (n = 39), France (n = 26), Germany (n = 21), the United Kingdom (n = 8), Belgium (n = 10), and the Netherlands (n = 5). Using molecular assays for virus detection and characterisation, CPV and CCoV were found to be widespread in European dog populations, either alone or in mixed infections. In agreement with previous reports, the original type CPV-2 was shown not to circulate in European dogs. The recently identified virus variant CPV-2c was predominant in Italy and Germany and present at high rates in Spain and France but was not detected in the UK or Belgium. Except for the UK, CCoV genotype I was identified in all European countries involved in the survey, albeit at a lower prevalence rates than CCoV genotype II.  相似文献   

Detection of thermotolerant Campylobacter in ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Italy     

Cuomo A  Dipineto L  Santaniello A  Matteoli G  Sarli T  Vecchia DD  Fioretti A  Menna LF 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,174(2):439-441

During the period January 2004 to December 2005 four different ostrich farms were investigated to evaluate the presence of thermotolerant Campylobacter. A total of 150 ostriches were examined and all were found to be clinically healthy. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 60/150 cloacal swabs. Among the isolates, 48 were identified as Campylobacter jejuni whereas the remainder were identified as Campylobacter coli. Campylobacter lari was not isolated. The ostriches, although apparently in a healthy body condition, can be considered, theoretically, as potential Campylobacter carriers.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical Study of Phospho-Stat3-ser727 Expression in Feline Mammary Gland Tumours     

Petterino C  Podestà G  Ratto A  Drigo M  Pellegrino C 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(2):173-184

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Noninvasive assessment of the facilitation of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex by repeated electrical stimulations in conscious dogs     

Bergadano A  Andersen OK  Arendt-Nielsen L  Spadavecchia C 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(8):899-907

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the facilitation of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) by repeated electrical stimuli and the associated behavioral response scores in conscious, nonmedicated dogs as a measure of temporal summation and analyze the influence of stimulus intensity and frequency on temporal summation responses. ANIMALS: 8 adult Beagles. PROCEDURES: Surface electromyographic responses evoked by transcutaneous constant-current electrical stimulation of ulnaris and digital plantar nerves were recorded from the deltoideus, cleidobrachialis, biceps femoris, and cranial tibial muscles. A repeated stimulus was given at 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, and 1.1 x I(t) (the individual NWR threshold intensity) at 2, 5, and 20 Hz. Threshold intensity and relative amplitude and latency of the reflex were analyzed for each stimulus configuration. Behavioral reactions were subjectively scored. RESULTS: Repeated sub-I(t) stimuli summated and facilitated the NWR. To elicit temporal summation, significantly lower intensities were needed for the hind limb, compared with the forelimb. Stimulus frequency did not influence temporal summation, whereas increasing intensity resulted in significantly stronger electromyographic responses and nociception (determined via behavioral response scoring) among the dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs, it is possible to elicit nociceptive temporal summation that correlates with behavioral reactions. These data suggest that this experimental technique can be used to evaluate nociceptive system excitability and efficacy of analgesics in canids.  相似文献   

Pseudopestalotiopsis elaeidis associated with leaf spots on Cycas revoluta in Brazil     

André Wilson Campos Rosado  Alessandra de Jesus Boari  Danilo Oliveira Ramos  Fábio Alex Custódio  Ayane Fernanda Ferreira Quadros  Izabel Cristina Alves Batista  Olinto Liparini Pereira 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(2):e12808

Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) is commonly cultivated as an ornamental tree in several countries. In April 2015, C. revoluta leaves showing brownish spots with a yellow halo that progressed to leaflet necrosis were observed in Belém, Pará state, Brazil. This study aimed to determine the aetiology of this disease on sago palm in Brazil. Based on DNA sequence-based phylogeny, morphology, and colony characterization, the fungus was identified as Pseudopestalotiopsis elaeidis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. elaeidis associated with leaf spots on C. revoluta worldwide.  相似文献   

The Lipopolysaccharide Export Pathway in Escherichia coli: Structure,Organization and Regulated Assembly of the Lpt Machinery     

Alessandra Polissi  Paola Sperandeo 《Marine drugs》2014,12(2):1023-1042

The bacterial outer membrane (OM) is a peculiar biological structure with a unique composition that contributes significantly to the fitness of Gram-negative bacteria in hostile environments. OM components are all synthesized in the cytosol and must, then, be transported efficiently across three compartments to the cell surface. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a unique glycolipid that paves the outer leaflet of the OM. Transport of this complex molecule poses several problems to the cells due to its amphipatic nature. In this review, the multiprotein machinery devoted to LPS transport to the OM is discussed together with the challenges associated with this process and the solutions that cells have evolved to address the problem of LPS biogenesis.  相似文献   

Marine Bioactives and Potential Application in Sports     

Maria Alessandra Gammone  Eugenio Gemello  Graziano Riccioni  Nicolantonio D’Orazio 《Marine drugs》2014,12(5):2357-2382

An enriched diet with antioxidants, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene and phenolic compounds, has always been suggested to improve oxidative stress, preventing related diseases. In this respect, marine natural product (MNP), such as COX inhibitors, marine steroids, molecules interfering with factors involved in the modulation of gene expression (such as NF-κB), macrolides, many antioxidant agents, thermogenic substances and even substances that could help the immune system and that result in the protection of cartilage, have been recently gaining attention. The marine world represents a reserve of bioactive ingredients, with considerable potential as functional food. Substances, such as chitin, chitosan, n-3 oils, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals and bioactive peptides, can provide several health benefits, such as the reduction of cardiovascular diseases, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. In addition, new marine bioactive substances with potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and thermogenic capacity may provide health benefits and performance improvement, especially in those who practice physical activity, because of their increased free radical and Reacting Oxygen Species (ROS) production during exercise, and, particularly, in athletes. The aim of this review is to examine the potential pharmacological properties and application of many marine bioactive substances in sports.  相似文献   

Hydrosedimentology of nested subtropical watersheds with native and eucalyptus forests     

Miriam Fernanda Rodrigues  José Miguel Reichert  Jean Paolo Gomes Minella  Leandro Dalbianco  Rodrigo Luiz Ludwig  Rafael Ramon  Lilian Alessandra Rodrigues  Norton Borges Júnior 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(7):1311-1324

Purpose

Information on the effects of eucalyptus forests on hydrosedimentological processes is scarce, particularly at the catchment scale. Monitoring and mathematical modeling are efficient scientific tools used to address the lack of information for natural resource management and the representation and prediction of those processes. This study evaluates the effects of eucalyptus cultivation on hydrosedimentological processes in watersheds and to use the Limburg soil erosion model (LISEM) to represent and predict hydrological processes.

Material and methods

The study was conducted in two forested watersheds: the main watershed (94.46 ha) and a nested sub-watershed (38.86 ha), both cultivated with eucalyptus and residual riparian native forest, located in southern Brazil. Hydrosedimentalogical monitoring was conducted from 16th February 2011 to 31st December 2012, and LISEM model calibrations were performed on the bases of six storms events.

Results and discussion

The sediment yield for 2011 was 41.6 Mg km^?2 and 38.5 Mg km^?2 for the watershed and sub-watershed, respectively. An extreme event in 2012 provided greater sediment yield for the sub-watershed (99.8 Mg km^?2) than that for the watershed (51.7 Mg km^?2). Rainfall events with a greater maximum intensity generated rapid discharge and suspended sediment concentration responses in the sub-watershed due to the smaller drainage area and steeper landscape. In the main watershed, the accumulation of flood waves occurred for most events, with less steep hydrographs, and a later occurrence of the discharge peak after that of the sub-watershed. The LISEM adequately reproduced the peak discharge and runoff for the calibrated events; however, the peak time and the shape of the hydrograph were not adequately represented.

Conclusions

The hydrosedimentological patterns of the watershed and sub-watershed, both cultivated with eucalyptus, was characterized by sedimentographs preceding hydrographs during rainfall–runoff events where scale effects occur, with maximum discharge and specific sediment yield greater in the watershed than that in the sub-watershed. Empirical models based on hydrologic variables may be used for estimating the suspended sediment concentration and sediment yield. Therefore, LISEM may be used for the prediction of hydrological variables in these forested watersheds.  相似文献