Immune regulation of canine tumour and macrophage PD‐L1 expression          下载免费PDF全文

G. Hartley  E. Faulhaber  A. Caldwell  J. Coy  J. Kurihara  A. Guth  D. Regan  S. Dow 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(2):534-549

Expression of programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on tumor cells has been associated with immune escape in human and murine cancers, but little is known regarding the immune regulation of PD‐L1 expression by tumor cells and tumor‐infiltrating macrophages in dogs. Therefore, 14 canine tumor cell lines, as well as primary cultures of canine monocytes and macrophages, were evaluated for constitutive PD‐L1 expression and for responsiveness to immune stimuli. We found that PD‐L1 was expressed constitutively on all canine tumor cell lines evaluated, although the levels of basal expression were very variable. Significant upregulation of PD‐L1 expression by all tumor cell lines was observed following IFN‐γ exposure and by exposure to a TLR3 ligand. Canine monocytes and monocyte‐derived macrophages did not express PD‐L1 constitutively, but did significantly upregulate expression following treatment with IFN‐γ. These findings suggest that most canine tumors express PD‐L1 constitutively and that both innate and adaptive immune stimuli can further upregulate PD‐L1 expression. Therefore the upregulation of PD‐L1 expression by tumor cells and by tumor‐infiltrating macrophages in response to cytokines such as IFN‐γ may represent an important mechanism of tumor‐mediated T‐cell suppression in dogs as well as in humans.  相似文献   

Febrile neutropenia in cats treated with chemotherapy          下载免费PDF全文

J. Pierro  E. Krick  A. Flory  R. Regan  C. DeRegis  B. Boudreaux  L. Barber  D. Saam  C. Saba 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(2):550-556

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, potential causative agents, treatment and outcome of febrile neutropenia (FN) in chemotherapy‐treated cats. Medical records from eight institutions were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 22 FN events in 20 cats were evaluated. Lymphoma was the most common cancer diagnosis; lomustine and vinca alkaloids were the most frequently implicated causative agents. Presenting clinical signs included decreased appetite, lethargy, vomiting and diarrhoea. Median body temperature and absolute neutrophil count at presentation were 104.1 °F; 40 °C (range: 103.1–105.1 °F; 39.5–40.6 °C) and 246 mL^‐1 (range: 0–1600 mL^‐1), respectively. Median number of days between chemotherapy administration and FN onset was 5 (range: 4–25 days). All but one cat were treated with intravenous fluids and broad spectrum antibiotics. Fevers resolved in all cases and absolute neutrophil counts returned to normal in 19 cats. Clinical presentation of cats with FN appears similar to that of dogs.  相似文献   

Gas-phase ionic reactions: dynamics and mechanism of nucleophilic displacements     

ML Chabinyc  SL Craig  CK Regan  JI Brauman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5358):1882-1886

Nucleophilic displacement reactions (the SN2 reaction) of ions in the gas phase are a prototypical reaction system that allows a study of dynamics, mechanisms, and structure-energy relations. This article reviews aspects of the kinetics (especially the applicability of statistical reaction rate theory), the relation of structure and reactivity, and the effects of small numbers of solvent molecules on the reaction and compares the behavior of the ionic reaction in the gas phase with that in solution.  相似文献   

Acute parasitic gastro-enteritis in calves in spring     

S M Taylor  R J Cawthorne  J Kenny  M Regan 《The Veterinary record》1973,93(23):603-604

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Intraocular melanoma with multiple metastases in a cat     

R W Bertoy  A H Brightman  K Regan 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,192(1):87-89

An 11-year-old cat with an intraocular melanoma was treated for 2 years for the secondary effects of the tumor (glaucoma, exposure keratitis) before enucleation was required. One year after enucleation, the cat was examined because of labored breathing. The cat was thin, appeared depressed, and had signs of respiratory compromise secondary to pleural effusion. Treatment was not instituted, and the cat was euthanatized. Metastasis of the primary melanoma to the lungs, pericardium, parietal pleura, mediastinum, hilar lymph nodes, diaphragm, liver, and omentum was confirmed at necropsy. Intraocular melanomas in the cat have been implicated to have a greater malignant potential than those in the dog; however, few cases have been reported with long-term follow-up information.  相似文献   

Primary cutaneous listeriosis in a veterinarian     

Regan EJ  Harrison GA  Butler S  McLauchlin J  Thomas M  Mitchell S 《The Veterinary record》2005,157(7):207

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Water use and water use efficiency of cool season grain legumes in low rainfall Mediterranean-type environments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. H. M. Siddique  K. L. Regan  D. Tennant  B. D. Thomson 《European Journal of Agronomy》2001,15(4):267-280

The water use (E_t) and water use efficiency (WUE) of a range of cool season grain legume species (field pea [Pisum sativum L.], faba bean [Vicia faba L.], chickpea [Cicer arietinum L.], lentil [Lens culinaris Med.], albus lupin [Lupinus albus L.], dwarf chickling [Lathyrus cicera L.], ochrus chickling [Lathyrus ochrus L.], grass pea [Lathyrus sativus L.], narbon bean [Vicia narbonensis L.], common vetch [Vicia sativa L.], and purple vetch [Vicia benghalensis L.]) were examined on fine textured neutral to alkaline soils in the low to medium rainfall Mediterranean-type environments in south-western Australia at Merredin and Mullewa in two seasons. There was no difference in the total E_t between grain legumes at either site in either year. There was also no variation in soil water extraction between species on the shallow sandy loam soil at Merredin. However, C. arietinum, L. sativus and L. cicera had greater water extraction and P. sativum the least water extraction at Mullewa where soil conditions were less hostile and root penetration was not restricted. The pattern of water use varied markedly between the grain legume species examined. Grain yield was positively correlated with post-flowering water use (E_tpa) in both erect (r=0.59) and prostrate (r=0.54) grain legume species. Water use efficiencies for dry matter production (WUE_dm) of up to 30 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ for V. faba and V. narbonensis at Merredin, and water use efficiencies for grain yield (WUE_gr) of up to 16 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ for P. sativum and 13 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ for V. faba at Mullewa, were comparable to those reported for cereals and other grain legumes in previous studies in this and other environments. Potential transpiration efficiencies (TE) of 15 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ together with soil evaporation (E_s) values of 100–125 mm were estimated in this and associated studies, and can be used as benchmark values to assess the yield potential of cool season grain legume crops in low rainfall Mediterranean-type environments. The major traits of adaptation for grain legume species producing large yields in this short season environment are early flowering, and pod and seed set before the onset of terminal drought. Early phenology together with rapid ground cover and dry matter production allows greater water use in the post flowering period. This leads to greater partitioning of dry matter into seed, which is reflected in greater harvest index (HI) and WUE_gr, as was observed for V. faba and P. sativum. Improvement in the adaptation of other grain legume species to short season Mediterranean-type environments requires increased early growth for rapid ground cover and improved tolerance to low temperatures (especially for C. arietinum) during flowering and podding.  相似文献   

Polypeptide sequences essential for RNA recognition by an enzyme   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

L Regan  J Bowie  P Schimmel 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,235(4796):1651-1653

Many RNAs are complex, globular molecules formed from elements of secondary and tertiary structure analogous to those found in proteins. Little is known about recognition of RNAs by proteins. In the case of transfer RNAs (tRNAs), considerable evidence suggests that elements dispersed in both the one- and three-dimensional structure are important for recognition by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. Fragments of alanine tRNA synthetase were created by in vitro manipulations of the cloned alaS gene and examined for their interaction with alanine-specific tRNA. Sequences essential for recognition were located near the middle of the polypeptide, juxtaposed to the carboxyl-terminal side of the domain for aminoacyl adenylate synthesis. The most essential part of the tRNA interaction strength and specificity was dependent on a sequence of fewer than 100 amino acids. Within this sequence, and in the context of the proper conformation, a segment of no more than 17 amino acids was responsible for 25% or more of the total synthetase-tRNA free energy of association. The results raise the possibility that an important part of specific RNA recognition by an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase involves a polypeptide segment that is short relative to the total size of the protein.  相似文献   

Serine requirement in leukemic and normal blood cells   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

J D Regan  N Vodopick  S Takeda  W H Lee  F M Faulcon 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,163(874):1452-1453

In a serine-deficient medium, cells from humangt chronic granulocytic leukemia and normal human bone marrow exhibited a marked inhibition of incorporation of-radioactive precursors of DNA, RNA, and protein into an acid insoluble cell fraction. Normal diploid human fibroblasts did not exhibit inhibition without serine. Chronic granulocytic leukemia and normal marrow cells were essentially unable to synthesize C(14)-serine from C(14)-glucose, while human diploid fibroblasts were highly capable of this synthesis.  相似文献   

Diagnostic evaluation and treatment recommendations for dogs with substage‐a high‐grade multicentric lymphoma: results of a survey of veterinarians     

R. C. Regan  M. S. W. Kaplan  D. B. Bailey 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2013,11(4):287-295

The goal of this study was to survey veterinarians regarding their current initial diagnostic and treatment recommendations for dogs with substage‐a high‐grade multicentric lymphoma. A written survey was conducted at the 2009 Veterinary Cancer Society conference asking veterinarians to provide demographic information, initial staging diagnostics and treatment recommendations for canine lymphoma. The most commonly recommended staging diagnostics were complete blood count (100%), chemistry panel (100%), urinalysis (85%), lymph node cytology (88%), thoracic radiographs (84%), immunophenotyping (76%) and abdominal ultrasound (75%). The most commonly used first‐line B‐cell protocols combined the drugs L ‐asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (L ‐CHOP, 51%). CHOP (30%) and other CHOP‐based protocols (12%) were used as well. Thirty‐one percent of responders treated B‐ and T‐cell lymphomas differently. Protocol lengths varied from ≤16 weeks to >2 years. Current staging and treatment recommendations for canine lymphoma are varied. Efforts to standardize recommendations should be considered.  相似文献