Book Review     

PJ Canfield 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(6):391-391

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Transcriptional and posttranscriptional plant gene silencing in response to a pathogen     

NS Al-Kaff  SN Covey  MM Kreike  AM Page  R Pinder  PJ Dale 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5359):2113-2115

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Deep learning for automated detection of Drosophila suzukii: potential for UAV‐based monitoring     

Peter PJ Roosjen  Benjamin Kellenberger  Lammert Kooistra  David R Green  Johannes Fahrentrapp 《Pest management science》2020,76(9):2994-3002

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Accuracy of seven vapour intrusion algorithms for VOC in groundwater   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jeroen Provoost  Lucas Reijnders  Frank Swartjes  Jan Bronders  Piet Seuntjens  Johannes Lijzen 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(1):62-73

Background, aim and scope  During the last decade, soil contamination with volatile organic contaminants (VOC) received special attention because of their potential to cause indoor air problems. Moreover, research has shown that people spend 64% to 94% of there time indoors; therefore, the indoor air quality is of a primary importance for exposure to VOC. Human health risks to VOC—in cases of soil contamination—are often dominated by the exposure route ‘inhalation of indoor air’. Exposure is often a result of vapour transport from the soil or groundwater to the indoor air of the building. Within human health risk assessments, a variety of algorithms are available that calculate transfer of soil gas to the indoor air. These algorithms suffer from a relatively high uncertainty due to a lack of representation of spatial and temporal variability. For such an application, these algorithms need to be further verified empirically against field observations so that they can be sufficiently reliable for regulatory purposes. This paper presents the accuracy for seven algorithms by using observed and predicted soil and indoor air concentrations from three sites, where the groundwater had been contaminated with aromatic and chlorinated VOC. Materials and methods  The algorithms for vapour intrusion that are frequently used in European countries were included in this study and were Vlier–Humaan (Flanders), CSoil (Netherlands), VolaSoil (Netherlands), Johnson & Ettinger (USA), Risc (United Kingdom), and the dilution factor (DF) algorithms from Sweden and Norway. Three sites were investigated in more detail and samples were taken synoptically from the groundwater, soil and indoor air on four occasions. On the petroleum sites, the aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes were analysed and, on the dry cleaning sites, the chlorinated hydrocarbons tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene and cis 1,2-dichloroethene. To increase spatial resolution, measurements in groundwater and soil air were taken in three different zones at each site, in the close proximity of or in the building. During sampling, several relevant soil properties were measured like the bulk density, water and air filled porosity, soil temperature and depth of the groundwater. Also, building properties like the dimensions of the building and the quality of the floor were registered. The seven algorithms were applied to compare that observed with the predicted concentrations in soil and indoor air. The groundwater concentrations were used as a source contamination. The results from the algorithms were compared by using performance criteria to assess the accuracy of each algorithm. Results  All calculations are presented in a box plot that contains the predicted soil or indoor air versus the observed concentrations. Results from the applied criteria are presented for each algorithm. Discussion  Differences between predictions and observations were up to three orders of magnitude and can be partially related to the amount of parameters included in each algorithm and the mathematical concept used. For example, the inclusion or exclusion of a capillary fringe or temperature correction for the Henry constant: it is not clear why all algorithms tend to over-predict the soil air concentration. The prediction mostly starts with the calculation of a soil air concentration related to the Henry constant, followed by diffusive and/or convective transport to the soil surface and zone of influence around the building foundation. Further research is needed to investigate the over-predictions and the use of the Henry constant to calculate the soil air concentration should be reviewed. Conclusions  The algorithms with the highest accuracy were the Johnson and Ettinger and the Vlier–Humaan algorithms. The DF algorithms from Sweden and Norway resulted in higher over- and underpredictions than others. Results for the indoor air showed that all the algorithms calculate high and low concentrations in the indoor air when compared to observations. The algorithms with the highest accuracy were JEM, Vlier–Humaan and CSoil. The DF algorithm from Norway calculated concentrations that were frequently higher than observed concentrations and the Swedish DF algorithm showed frequent higher and lower concentration than observed. The conservatism of the most accurate algorithms is sufficient for regulatory purposes, and they can trigger an integrated programme of field observations (monitoring) or/and modelling. Recommendations and perspectives  The dataset used for this paper was derived from three sites with groundwater contamination and further verification of these algorithms should be done for other sites that have a vadose zone contamination.  相似文献   

Infectious reproductive disease pathogens in dairy herd bulls          下载免费PDF全文

AS Hancock  PJ Younis  DS Beggs  PD Mansell  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(10):349-353

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Direct Radiometric Observations of the Water Vapor Greenhouse Effect Over the Equatorial Pacific Ocean     

FPJ Valero  WD Collins  P Pilewskie  A Bucholtz  PJ Flatau 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5307):1773-1776

Airborne radiometric measurements were used to determine tropospheric profiles of the clear sky greenhouse effect. At sea surface temperatures (SSTs) larger than 300 kelvin, the clear sky water vapor greenhouse effect was found to increase with SST at a rate of 13 to 15 watts per square meter per kelvin. Satellite measurements of infrared radiances and SSTs indicate that almost 52 percent of the tropical oceans between 20°N and 20°S are affected during all seasons. Current general circulation models suggest that the increase in the clear sky water vapor greenhouse effect with SST may have climatic effects on a planetary scale.  相似文献   

Influence and prevention of bird-droppings in precipitation chemistry experiments     

Willem A. H. Asman  Taeke B. Ridder  Hans F. R. Reijnders  Jakob Slanina 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1982,17(4):415-420

An effective device for keeping away birds during precipitation chemistry experiments is described. It is shown that bird-droppings can have a great influence on the P0₄- K- and NH₄-content of precipitation samples.  相似文献   

Experimental Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo infection of pregnant cattle     

CR SMITH  MR McGOWAN  CS McCLINTOCK  BG CORNEY  PJ KETTERER  L. SMYTHE  W. WARD 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(11):822-826

Objective To observe the effect upon the foetus of experimental infection of pregnant cattle with Leptospira borg-petersenii serovar hardjo .
Design A disease transmission study using pregnant cattle.
Procedure Fourteen heifers serologically negative to L hardjo were artificially inseminated and later challenged with a north-Queensland isolate of L hardjo by conjunctival inoculation. The heifers were serologically monitored and their urine examined for the presence of leptospires using culture and fluorescent-antibody tests at appropriate intervals. Elective caesarean sections were performed on pregnant heifers at 6.5 weeks after the challenge. Foetuses were examined using serological, histopathological, microbiological and fluorescent-antibody tests.
Results Ten of the heifers became pregnant, but three subsequently aborted before challenge. After challenge, all 14 heifers seroconverted and L hardjo was isolated from the urine of 6 of the 7 pregnant heifers. No evidence of foetal L hardjo infection was detected. Two of the foetuses had histopatho-logical lesions consistent with Neospora s p infection.
Conclusion It is likely that the isolate of L hardjo used in this study does not normally infect the foetus. Neospora s p may be a more significant cause of bovine reproductive wastage.  相似文献   

Benign cranial mediastinal lesions in three cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. MALIK  L. GABOR  GB HUNT  DB CHURCH  VR BARRS  R. CHURCHER  RT DIXON  C. HUXLEY  PJ CANFIELD 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(3):183-187

Cranial mediastinal lesions were detected in three cats, associated with respiratory impairment (case one), spontaneous pneumothorax (case two) and myasthenia gravis (case three), respectively. On gross and histological examination, the first case was considered either a lymphangioma or a branchial cystic mass of the thymic region of the mediastinum; a cystic lesion was suggested by sonographic detection of multiple anechoic cavitations within a circumscribed mass, while fine needle aspiration cytology excluded lymphosarcoma. The second case was diagnosed histologically as a cystic thymoma, but the third case was not examined microscopically. The masses were amenable to surgical excision in the first two cats, while this proved unnecessary in the third case because of resolution following treatment with dexamethasone. Corticosteroid responsiveness was unhelpful in distinguishing between these benign lesions and lymphosarcoma, as in two cases there was a partial or complete response to dosing with prednisolone or dexamethasone. These cases are presented to emphasise that conditions other than lymphosarcoma can produce cranial mediastinal lesions in cats, and that the prognosis for surgical treatment of lymphangiomas, multilocular thymic cysts and cystic thymomas can be excellent.  相似文献   

On the ecology of the harbour seal Phoca vitulina in the Wadden Sea: Population dynamics,residue levels,and management     

P. J. H. Reijnders 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(1):36-42

Summary

The harbour seal population in the Dutch Wadden Sea decreased significantly during the last decades. Calculations based on bounty data revealed that the population decreased from about 2700 in 1950 to about 900 in 1959. Annual aerial surveys ‐ which were carried out since that time ‐ showed a slight increase due to the stop of hunting. However, after 1964 a new decline occurred and since 1974 the population stays at a level of about 450 specimens.

During 1974 to 1978 the population dynamics of the population have been studied. Frequent aerial surveys provided data on the size of the population. These data have been used in a simulation model and the birth rate and the initial juvenile mortality were calculated. During boat trips an indication of the age composition was obtained by measuring track widths. By comparing these results with similar results from a stable population in Schleswig Holstein it appeared: (1) that juvenile mortality in the first weeks in the Dutch population is higher than that in Schleswig Holstein but the overall mortality of pups in both areas in their first three months of life is of the same order; (2) that pup production in the Dutch population is low compared to the population in Schleswig Holstein; (3) that apparently immigration from elsewhere occurs.

To investigate the contribution of environmental pollution to the decline of the Dutch seal population tissues of dead, stranded animals originating from Schleswig Holstein, Denmark and the Netherlands were collected and analyzed for PCBs, o,p'‐DDT, p,p’,(DDT, DDE, TDE), dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, endosulfan, a, β, γ,‐HCH, HCB, QCB (pentachlorobenzene), HEPO, total mercury, methylmercury, selenium and bromium.

Considering epidemiological and experimental data on the effects of PCBs on mammalian reproduction, strong support is obtained for the hypothesis that PCBs are responsible for the decreased reproduction in seals from the Dutch Wadden Sea.

If PBCs are responsible for the decrease of the Dutch seal population, measures of all North Sea countries are urgently required because these PCBs may not only be a hazard to seals but also to other animals and even man. Production and use of PCBs should he limited and used PCBs should be collected and destroyed. However, even if an immediate ban on PCB's would be effected, the effects of PCBs ‐ because of their persistent character ‐ are likely to last many years. For that reason it may be assumed that the seal population in the western Wadden Sea still faces a difficult period in the years to come. In order to lead this population through this difficult period, all possible measures enhancing its continued existence should be taken. Since the seals in the Wadden Sea form one population maximum result may be expected from measures applying to all seals in the Wadden Sea. Thus international cooperation is necessary.

The following measures are proposed:

Continued interdiction of hunting in order to obtain a maximum number of animals taking part in reproduction.

Establishment of seal reserves and, additionally supporting seal nursery stations in order to guarantee a maximum reproductive output.

However, it has to be stressed that these measures are not effective if at the same time the main cause of the decrease is not found and brought under control.  相似文献