Effects of cooking on concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds in fish and meat     

Hori T  Nakagawa R  Tobiishi K  Iida T  Tsutsumi T  Sasaki K  Toyoda M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(22):8820-8828

We investigated the cooking-induced changes in concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (dioxins) using mackerel and beef. The concentrations of dioxins (29 congeners) were determined by isomer specific analyses and were compared between uncooked and cooked samples. The cooking procedures examined in this study included grilling as a fillet, boiling as a fillet, and boiling as tsumire (small, hand-rolled balls) for mackerel and boiling as a slice, broiling as a slice, and broiling as a hamburger for beef. Three trials were carried out for each cooking method. Generally, concentrations of dioxins were reduced in every cooking trial. When nondetected congener concentrations were assumed to be half the limit of detection for mackerel, the maximum percentage reductions of total concentrations given as 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD equivalents (TEQ) were 31% in grilling as a slice, 14% in boiling as a slice, and 21% in boiling as tsumire under the conditions of this study. In contrast, for beef, the reductions were 42% in boiling as a slice, 42% in broiling as a slice, and 44% in broiling as a hamburger. These results suggest that ordinary cooking processes with heating undoubtedly reduce the dioxin content in animal products, and the reductions estimated should be considered when dioxin intake is evaluated using contamination data for individual food items.  相似文献   

An H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus that invaded Japan through waterfowl migration     

Kajihara M  Matsuno K  Simulundu E  Muramatsu M  Noyori O  Manzoor R  Nakayama E  Igarashi M  Tomabechi D  Yoshida R  Okamatsu M  Sakoda Y  Ito K  Kida H  Takada A 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2011,59(2-3):89-100

In 2010, an H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was isolated from feces of apparently healthy ducks migrating southward in Hokkaido, the northernmost prefecture of Japan. The H5N1 HPAIVs were subsequently detected in domestic and wild birds at multiple sites corresponding to the flyway of the waterfowl having stopovers in the Japanese archipelago. The Hokkaido isolate was genetically nearly identical to H5N1 HPAIVs isolated from swans in the spring of 2009 and 2010 in Mongolia, but less pathogenic in experimentally infected ducks than the 2009 Mongolian isolate. These findings suggest that H5N1 HPAIVs with relatively mild pathogenicity might be selected and harbored in the waterfowl population during the 2009-2010 migration seasons. Our data provide "early warning" signals for preparedness against the unprecedented situation in which the waterfowl reservoirs serve as perpetual sources and disseminators of HPAIVs.  相似文献   

90Sr THERAPY FOR ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN TWO CATS     

KOICHI NAGATA  KIMBERLY A. SELTING  CRISTI R. COOK  METTA RENSCHLER  JIMMY C. LATTIMER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2011,52(1):114-117

Two cats with a superficial oral squamous cell carcinoma responded favorably to treatment using a ⁹⁰Sr probe. From one to six fields were applied per tumor, depending on tumor size. The surface dose per treatment ranged from 75 to 150 Gy and the total surface dose ranged from 200 to 500 Gy. Adverse effects were minimal. The cats survived 7 months and 5 years 9 months from the time of diagnosis. These data indicate that with careful patient selection ⁹⁰Sr may be useful for the treatment of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma in some patients.  相似文献   

Evaluation of loss rate of coded-wire tags implanted into adipose eye tissue of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou and effect on growth of tagged salmon     

Daisei  O  Mitsuhiro  NAGATA  Takaya  KITAMURA  Yoshihito  SHINRIKI 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(3):524-526

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Reproductive phenotypes in mice with targeted disruption of the 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene     

Ishida M  Choi JH  Hirabayashi K  Matsuwaki T  Suzuki M  Yamanouchi K  Horai R  Sudo K  Iwakura Y  Nishihara M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(3):499-508

In the corpus luteum of rats and mice, 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20alpha-HSD) catalyzes the conversion of progesterone to a biologically inactive metabolite, 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20alpha-OHP). The reduction of progesterone by 20alpha-HSD is believed to be important for functional luteolysis in these rodent species. In addition to the corpus luteum, expression of 20alpha-HSD has been demonstrated in tissues such as the placenta, endometrial epithelia, and fetal skin, although the roles it plays in the latter tissues remain to be determined. To determine the contribution of 20alpha-HSD to functional luteolysis and to the rodent reproductive system more generally, we generated a strain of mice with targeted disruption of the 20alpha-HSD gene. In the 20alpha-HSD-/- mice we obtained, which lacked the genomic region essential for catalytic reaction, neither 20alpha-HSD activity in the corpus luteum nor an increase in the serum concentrations of 20alpha-OHP during pseudopregnancy or pregnancy was detected. The durations of the estrous cycle, pseudopregnancy, and pregnancy were significantly prolonged in the 20alpha-HSD-/- mice, although the serum progesterone levels decreased to levels low enough for delivery of pups at term of pregnancy. In addition, the number of pups, especially live pups, was markedly decreased in the 20alpha-HSD-/- mice. These findings suggest that the role of 20alpha-HSD in functional luteolysis is relatively minor but that it is involved in the survival of newborn mice.  相似文献   

Operational efficiencies and costs of an arm roll forwarder: A case study at Nasu in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan     

Kazuhiro Aruga  Yuto Otsuka  Chikara Nakahata  Reiko Yamaguchi  Masashi Saito  Mayu Nagasaki 《林业研究》2013,24(3):577-583

We investigated a developed arm roll forwarder at Nasu in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. An arm roll forwarder can only load a steel container that has been fully loaded with logs beforehand, and can later unload such a container. Such a forwarder can shorten the loading and unloading times and improve operational efficiency. We examined two operation systems with an arm roll forwarder and a forwarder. In the first system the loading was done with a grapple-loader. In the second system the loading was done with a processor. The loading times of an arm roll forwarder were significantly less than those of a forwarder. Because the optimal cycle times (excluding the waiting times for an arm roll forwarder) were significantly reduced, the costs of using an arm roll forwarder are lower, although the loading capacity was small and the hourly operation cost was high. The maximum operational efficiencies varied depending on forwarding distances. The second operation system with an arm roll forwarder exhibited the best operational efficiency within a 1,580-m forwarding distance, and beyond that distance it exhibited the highest operational efficiency when a forwarder was used. Similarly, the cost of operation of the system with an arm roll forwarder was the lowest within a 1,130-m forwarding distance, and beyond that distance the cost was the lowest when using the forwarder. Therefore, the arm roll forwarder is effective within a certain forwarding distance.  相似文献   

Cardiovascular Effects of Dobutamine and Phenylephrine Infusion in Sevoflurane-anesthetized Thoroughbred Horses     

Minoru OHTA  Shinjiro KURIMOTO  Yuhiro ISHIKAWA  Hirotaka TOKUSHIGE  Naomi MAE  Shun-ichi NAGATA  Masayuki MAMADA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(11):1443-1448

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Increased Cellular Distribution of Vimentin and Ret in the Cingulum of Rat Offspring After Developmental Exposure to Decabromodiphenyl Ether or 1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexabromocyclododecane     

Hitoshi Fujimoto  Gye-Hyeong Woo  Reiko Morita  Megu Itahashi  Hirotoshi Akane  Akiyoshi Nishikawa  Makoto Shibutani 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(2):119-129

Abstract: To determine effects of developmental exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs), weak thyroid hormone disruptors, on white matter development, white matter-specific global gene expression analysis was performed using microdissection techniques and microarrays in male rats exposed maternally to decabromodiphenyl ether (DBDE), one of the representative BFRs, at 10, 100 or 1000 ppm. Based on previous gene expression profiles of developmental hypothyroidism and DBDE-exposed cases, vimentin⁺ immature astrocytes and ret proto-oncogene (Ret)⁺ oligodendrocytes were immunohistochemically examined after developmental exposure to representative BFRs, i.e., DBDE, 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD; 100, 1000 or 10,000 ppm) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA; 100, 1000 or 10,000 ppm). Vimentin⁺ and Ret⁺ cell populations increased at ≥ 100 ppm and ≥ 10 ppm DBDE, respectively. Vimentin⁺ and Ret⁺ cells increased at ≥ 1000 ppm HBCD, with no effect of TBBPA. The highest dose of DBDE and HBCD revealed subtle fluctuations in serum thyroid-related hormone concentrations. Thus, DBDE and HBCD may exert direct effects on glial cell development at ≥ middle doses. At high doses, hypothyroidism may additionally be an inducing mechanism, although its contribution is rather minor.  相似文献   

Gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus: a tentative, novel double-stranded RNA virus that is relevant to gentian Kobu-sho syndrome     

Kappei Kobayashi  Go Atsumi  Yasuya Iwadate  Reiko Tomita  Ken-ichi Chiba  Shiho Akasaka  Masahiro Nishihara  Hideyuki Takahashi  Naoto Yamaoka  Masamichi Nishiguchi  Ken-Taro Sekine 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(1):56-63

A virus-like dsRNA of about 23 kbp was detected in gentian plants showing Kobu-sho syndrome including stunting, shortened internodes, and tumors on stems, nodes and roots. Nucleotide sequence analysis has suggested that this dsRNA is related to Pestivirus species but not to any other plant viruses. It was protected from externally added RNase, suggesting that the dsRNA is encapsidated. The dsRNA was co-extracted in a crude homogenate of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue with the virus-like particles that have been associated previously with Kobu-sho syndrome in gentian (Usugi et al. Jpn J Phytopathol 76:21–24, 2010). The RNA sequence was detected in more than 99 % of Kobu-sho gentian individuals but in less than 20 % of apparently healthy gentian individuals from fields affected with Kobu-sho. Thus, we propose naming the virus Gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus.  相似文献   

Effects of feed restriction on the expression profiles of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism-related genes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss muscle     

Hidehiro Kondo  Satomitsu Suda  Yuriko Kawana  Ikuo Hirono  Reiko Nagasaka  Gen Kaneko  Hideki Ushio  Shugo Watabe 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(6):1205-1211

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