Use of computed tomography and radiation therapy planning software to develop a novel formula for body surface area calculation in dogs     

Renee Girens  Alex Bukoski  Charles A. Maitz  Sarah E. Boston  Antonella Borgatti  Megan Sprinkle  Daniel Orrego  Shannon Kesl  Kim Selting 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):792-799

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Sonographic Evaluation of the Common Bile Duct in Cats     

Renee Leveille  David S. Biller  Jonathan T. Shiroma 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1996,10(5):296-299

Ultrasound is an excellent imaging tool in the evaluation of the biliary tract in cats. Extrahepatic obstruction could be diagnosed by the presence of dilated common bile duct (CBD), which was measured ventral to the portal vein in the porta hepatis. At this level, the diameter of the CBD in 6 healthy cats and in 22 cats with nonsurgical jaundice was 4 mm. Six of 7 cats with a CBD >5 mm had extrahepatic biliary obstruction.  相似文献   

Mandibular salivary gland aspirate from a dog     

Duncan RB  Feldman BF  Saunders GK  Prater R  Troy GC 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1999,28(3):97-99

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Immunologic responses to West Nile virus in vaccinated and clinically affected horses     

Davidson AH  Traub-Dargatz JL  Rodeheaver RM  Ostlund EN  Pedersen DD  Moorhead RG  Stricklin JB  Dewell RD  Roach SD  Long RE  Albers SJ  Callan RJ  Salman MD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(2):240-245

OBJECTIVE: To compare neutralizing antibody response between horses vaccinated against West Nile virus (WNV) and horses that survived naturally occurring infection. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. ANIMALS: 187 horses vaccinated with a killed WNV vaccine and 37 horses with confirmed clinical WNV infection. PROCEDURE: Serum was collected from vaccinated horses prior to and 4 to 6 weeks after completion of an initial vaccination series (2 doses) and 5 to 7 months later. Serum was collected from affected horses 4 to 6 weeks after laboratory diagnosis of infection and 5 to 7 months after the first sample was obtained. The IgM capture ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and microtiter virus neutralization test were used. RESULTS: All affected horses had PRNT titers > or = 1:100 at 4 to 6 weeks after onset of disease, and 90% (18/20) maintained this titer for 5 to 7 months. After the second vaccination, 67% of vaccinated horses had PRNT titers > or = 1:100 and 14% had titers < 1:10. Five to 7 months later, 33% (28/84) of vaccinated horses had PRNT titers > or = 1:100, whereas 29% (24/84) had titers < 1:10. Vaccinated and clinically affected horses' end point titers had decreased by 5 to 7 months after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A portion of horses vaccinated against WNV may respond poorly. Vaccination every 6 months may be indicated in certain horses and in areas of high vector activity. Other preventative methods such as mosquito control are warranted to prevent WNV infection in horses.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and gastrointestinal helminths in cats euthanized at animal control agencies in northwest Georgia     

Carleton RE  Tolbert MK 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,119(4):319-326

Cats euthanized at six northwest Georgia animal control agencies were examined for adult Dirofilaria immitis in heart and lung tissue and presence of gastrointestinal helminth ova by fecal flotation. D. immitis were found in 4 of 184 cats (2.1%). The prevalence of feline dirofilariasis in northwest Georgia was lower than that found in other studies conducted in the southeastern United States, but closer to the prevalences occurring in areas of similar topography. Heartworm antigen and antibody tests performed on batched serum samples resulted in low sensitivity and high specificity. Gastrointestinal helminth ova were found in 39.6% of the fecal samples examined and 6.1% of the samples contained two or more species.  相似文献   

Maintenance of gastrointestinal endoscopes     

Shumway R  Broussard JD 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2003,18(4):254-261

Endoscopes are used for visualization and biopsy of gastrointestinal lesions, as well as therapeutic procedures, such as foreign body retrieval. In the past, they were primarily used in large institutional settings where specialized personnel could focus on their maintenance. Today, they are becoming increasingly common in general practice. The maintenance of gastrointestinal endoscopes in the veterinary setting involves many challenges, including safe handling, reprocessing, and storage. Meeting these challenges requires well-trained personnel and strict protocols. Reprocessing, which includes cleaning and disinfection, offers the greatest challenge. The complex structure of flexible endoscopes, particularly the long, narrow channels, makes them difficult to clean. Gastrointestinal endoscopes operate in a contaminated environment, exposing them to high levels of organic matter and bacteria. High-level disinfection is necessary for infection control, but liquid germicides available for endoscope disinfection can be toxic to medical personnel and patients.  相似文献   

Comparison of insertion time and pullout strength between self-tapping and non-self-tapping AO 4.5-mm cortical bone screws in adult equine third metacarpal bone     

Andrea CR  Stover SM  Galuppo LD  Taylor KT  Rakestraw PC 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2002,31(3):189-194

OBJECTIVE: To compare screw insertion characteristics and pullout mechanical properties between self-tapping (ST) and non-self-tapping (NST) AO 4.5-mm cortical bone screws in adult equine third metacarpal bone (MC3). STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical experiment. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Seven pairs of adult equine MC3. METHODS: Bicortical holes were drilled transversely in proximal metaphyseal, diaphyseal, and distal metaphyseal locations of paired MC3. NST screws were inserted in pre-tapped holes in 3 sites of one bone pair, and ST screws were inserted in non-tapped holes of contralateral MC3. Tapping and screw insertion times and maximum torques were measured. Screw pullout mechanical properties were determined. RESULTS: Screw insertion time was longer for ST screws. Total time for tapping and insertion (total insertion time) was over twice as long for NST screws. Statistically significant differences were not observed between screws for any pullout mechanical property. From pullout tests, diaphyseal locations had significantly stiffer and stronger structure than metaphyseal locations. Pullout failure more commonly occurred because of screw breakage than bone failure. Bone failure and bone comminution were more commonly associated with ST screws. Bone failure sites had pullout failure loads that were 90% of screw failure sites. CONCLUSIONS: NST and ST 4.5-mm-diameter cortical bone screws have similar pullout mechanical properties from adult equine MC3. ST screws require less than half the total insertion time of NST screws. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of ST 4.5-mm-diameter cortical bone screws should be considered for repair of adult equine MC3 fractures; however, bone failures at screw sites should be monitored.  相似文献   

Comparison of anesthetic induction in cats by use of isoflurane in an anesthetic chamber with a conventional vapor or liquid injection technique     

Schmid RD  Hodgson DS  McMurphy RM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,233(2):262-266

OBJECTIVE: To compare 2 techniques for induction of cats by use of isoflurane in an anesthetic chamber. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. ANIMALS: 51 healthy cats. PROCEDURES: Cats were randomly allocated to 2 induction techniques. Cats were premedicated with acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], SC) and buprenorphine (0.01 mg/kg [0.0045 mg/lb], SC) 30 minutes before induction. Cats were then placed into an induction chamber, and anesthetic induction was initiated. One technique involved a conventional flow-through system that used an oxygen flowmeter and an isoflurane vaporizer to flow vapors into the induction chamber. Alternatively, liquid isoflurane was injected into a vaporization tray that was mounted to the interior surface of the chamber lid. Inductions were videotaped for analysis. Five variables (head bobbing, head swinging side to side, paddling, rotating 180 degrees to 360 degrees, and rolling over or flipping) were scored to assess induction quality. Time variables recorded during induction corresponded to the interval until onset of excitatory motion, duration of excitatory motion, interval until recumbency, and interval until complete induction. RESULTS: Compared with cats anesthetized by use of a conventional vapor chamber technique, cats anesthetized by use of the liquid injection technique had a significantly shorter interval until recumbency and interval until complete induction and lower scores for quality of induction, indicating a smoother induction. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Anesthetic induction in cats by use of a liquid injection technique was more rapid and provided a better quality of induction, compared with results for cats induced by use of a conventional vapor technique.  相似文献   

Evaluation of bithionol as a bath treatment for amoebic gill disease caused by Neoparamoeba spp     

Florent RL  Becker JA  Powell MD 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,144(3-4):197-207

This study examined the toxicity of bithionol to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in fresh- and seawater and the efficacy of bithionol as a 1h seawater bath treatment for amoebic gill disease (AGD). To examine toxicity, fish were bathed for 1, 3 and 6h in bithionol, an anti-protozoal at 0, 1, 5, 10, 25 and 35mgL(-1) with toxicity determined by time to morbidity. Efficacy was examined by bathing AGD-affected Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout for 1h at bithionol concentrations of 1-25mgL(-1). Efficacy was determined by examining gill amoeba counts and identifying percent lesioned gill filaments at 1 and 24h after bath exposure to bithionol. For both species, bithionol was determined to be toxic at 25 and 35mgL(-1) exhibiting median lethal times (LT50s) ranging from 21 to 84min. Morbidity occurred in the 5 and 10mgL(-1) treatments, however, due to sampling regime there were not enough fish available to calculate LT50s. Only bithionol at 1mgL(-1) was considered non-toxic with no signs of morbidity. Bithionol was more toxic in seawater than freshwater and had no acute effects on gill Na+/K+ ATPase and succinic dehydrogenase, or plasma osmolality and chloride concentration. Bithionol at 1mgL(-1) reduced percent lesioned gill filaments in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout by 33 and 27 per cent, respectively, compared to the seawater control. Similarly, numbers of amoeba were reduced by 33 and 43 per cent for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, respectively, when compared to the seawater control. Furthermore, bithionol reduced percent lesioned gill filaments as much as did the current industry standard of freshwater. This study demonstrated that a 1h seawater bath containing 1mgL(-1) bithionol could be an improvement to the current method of treatment for AGD-affected Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout.  相似文献   

Seismic detection of the lunar core     

Weber RC  Lin PY  Garnero EJ  Williams Q  Lognonné P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6015):309-312

Despite recent insight regarding the history and current state of the Moon from satellite sensing and analyses of limited Apollo-era seismic data, deficiencies remain in our understanding of the deep lunar interior. We reanalyzed Apollo lunar seismograms using array-processing methods to search for the presence of reflected and converted seismic energy from the core. Our results suggest the presence of a solid inner and fluid outer core, overlain by a partially molten boundary layer. The relative sizes of the inner and outer core suggest that the core is ~60% liquid by volume. Based on phase diagrams of iron alloys and the presence of partial melt, the core probably contains less than 6 weight % of lighter alloying components, which is consistent with a volatile-depleted interior.  相似文献