Farmers' perspectives of rodent damage and management from the highlands of Tigray,Northern Ethiopian     

Meheretu Yonas  Kiros Welegerima  Seppe Deckers  Dirk Raes  Rhodes Makundi  Herwig Leirs 《Crop Protection》2010

A farmers' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey was conducted in the highlands of Tigray, northern Ethiopia, to better understand rodent damage and rodent management from the farmers' perspective. Farmers (n = 191) from Dogu'a Temben district, were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The large majority of the farmers stated that rodents are the main pests in crop fields (92.1%) and storage (88.5%). The farmers (64.2%) reported they experienced 100–500 kg ha⁻¹ damage in crop fields, which is equivalent to 8.9–44.7% loss in annual production. There was some overlap between the most common crops grown in the highlands and the most common crops susceptible to rodent attack. Farmers identified barley as the crop most susceptible to rodent attack (76.4%) and the booting stage as the crop developmental stage with the highest rodent abundance and damage. Rodenticide application was the most commonly practiced management strategy in crop fields (51.8%); in storage, farmers mainly keep domestic cats around granaries (80.6%). We recommend a reduction in reliance on chemical rodenticide in crop fields and a shift to a more sustainable rodent management approach to reduce rodent numbers and damage.  相似文献   

Repeat tuberculin skin testing leads to desensitisation in naturally infected tuberculous cattle which is associated with elevated interleukin-10 and decreased interleukin-1 beta responses     

Michael Coad  Derek Clifford  Shelley G. Rhodes  R. Glyn Hewinson  H. Martin Vordermeier    Adam O. Whelan 《Veterinary research》2010,41(2)

The principal surveillance tool used to control bovine tuberculosis in cattle is the removal of animals that provide a positive response to the tuberculin skin-test. In this study we performed a longitudinal investigation of the immunological and diagnostic consequences of repeated short-interval skin-tests in cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Tuberculin skin-test positive cattle were subjected to up to four further intradermal comparative cervical skin-tests at approximately 60-day intervals. A significant progressive reduction in the strength of the skin-test was observed after successive tests. In contrast, the magnitude of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses was not influenced by repeat skin-testing either transiently around the time of each skin-test or longitudinally following repeated tests. A significant boost in blood interleukin-10 (IL-10) production was observed within 3 days following each skin-test although the magnitude of this boosted response returned to lower levels by day 10 post-test. The application of a novel multiplex assay to simultaneously measure seven cytokines and chemokines also identified that skin-testing resulted in a significant and progressive reduction in antigen specific interleukin-1β (IL-1β) whilst confirming stable IFN-γ and elevated IL-10 responses in the blood. Therefore, we have demonstrated that in cattle naturally infected with M. bovis, repeat short-interval skin-testing can lead to a progressive reduction in skin-test responsiveness which has potential negative consequences for the detection of infected animals with marginal or inconclusive skin-test responses. The desensitising effect is associated with decreased IL-1β and elevated IL-10 responses, but importantly, does not influence antigen specific IFN-γ responses.  相似文献   

Glyceollin-elicited soy protein consumption induces distinct transcriptional effects as compared to standard soy protein     

Wood CE  Boue SM  Collins-Burow BM  Rhodes LV  Register TC  Cline JM  Dewi FN  Burow ME 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(1):81-86

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Fasciola hepatica in UK horses     

A. K. Howell  F. Malalana  N. J. Beesley  J. E. Hodgkinson  H. Rhodes  M. Sekiya  D. Archer  H. E. Clough  P. Gilmore  D. J. L. Williams 《Equine veterinary journal》2020,52(2):194-199

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First confirmed report of witches' broom caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa on cacao, Theobroma cacao, in Saint Lucia     

P. L. Kelly  R. Reeder  S. Rhodes  N. Edwards 《Plant pathology》2009,58(4):798-798

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Diseases of Swine, 8th ed          下载免费PDF全文

Charles Rhodes 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2000,41(2):145-146

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Influence of phosphorus nutrition on sulfur uptake by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of onion     

L.H. Rhodes  J.W. Gerdemann 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1978,10(5):361-364

Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal onions were grown in pots containing soil at two P concentrations. Following ³⁵S injection into the soil, both mycorrhiza) and non-mycorrhizal plants from high P treatments had significantly higher ³⁵S concentrations in roots compared to non-mycorrhizal, low P controls. Mycorrhizal, low P plants had higher concentrations of ³⁵S in shoots than did non-mycorrhizal, low P plants. In a second experiment detached non-mycorrhizal onion roots from plants given a nutrient solution containing P for 26 days before short-term uptake experiments absorbed at greater rates from solution than roots from plants given a complete minus-P nutrient solution. This occurred at all three concentrations of S tested. 1 mM. 10μM, and 0.1 μM. Increased S uptake by mycorrhizal plants can result from increased S absorbing power of roots with enhanced P status.  相似文献   

PRODUCTIVITY AND CANOPY STRUCTURE OF TWO CONTRASTING VARIETIES OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS (LOLIUM PERENNE L.) GROWN IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT     

I. Rhodes 《Grass and Forage Science》1971,26(1):9-12

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Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on sheep farms in New Zealand     

TS Waghorn  DM Leathwick  AP Rhodes  KE Lawrence  R Jackson  WE Pomroy 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):271-277

AIM: To establish the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes on sheep farms in New Zealand.

METHODS: A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted, using a standardised faecal nematode egg count (FEC) reduction (FECR) test (FECRT) for ivermectin, at a full (0.2 mg/kg) and half (0.1 mg/kg) dose rate, and albendazole, levamisole and albendazole-levamisole in combination, on 60 lambs (n=10 per group) on farms selected from throughout New Zealand. Farms that conformed with selection criteria were chosen at random (n=80) or with a history of suspected resistance to macrocy- clic lactone (ML) anthelmintics (n=32). Resistance to an an- thelmintic was inferred when there was <95% reduction in FEC 7-10 days after treatment. Larval cultures were performed for all control groups and for treated groups for which resistance was evident.

RESULTS: Of the farms randomly selected, 36% showed ≥95% FECR for all anthelmintics tested; resistance to ivermectin at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg liveweight was evident on 36% and 25% of these farms, respectively. Resistance to both ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) and levamisole was evident on 8/80 (10%) farms, to ivermectin and albendazole on 10/80 (13%) farms, and to iver- mectin, levamisole and albendazole on 6/80 (8%) farms. The prevalence of resistance to a half dose of ivermectin tended to be more prevalent on farms with a history of suspected ML resistance (p=0.06). Resistance to albendazole was seen across all the main parasite genera, and to levamisole in Nematodirus, Ostertagia (= Teladorsagia) and Trichostrongylus species. Resistance to ivermectin was dominated by Ostertagia spp, although Cooperia, Nematodirus and Trichostrongylus species were also implicated.

CONCLUSION: Anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nema-todes of sheep is common in New Zealand. Not only was resistance to albendazole and levamisole common, but resistance to the ML, ivermectin, was at a higher prevalence than expected. Sheep farmers and advisors in New Zealand need to re-evaluate the way they manage parasites, and more research is urgently needed if the steady decline in anthelmintic susceptibility is to be halted.  相似文献   

Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic type D Pasteurella multocida as agents of severe atrophic rhinitis of swine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M B Rhodes  C W New  P K Baker  A Hogg  N R Underdahl 《Veterinary microbiology》1987,13(2):179-187

Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic type-D Pasteurella multocida were cultured from pigs in each of five herds diagnosed as having severe atrophic rhinitis (AR). B. bronchiseptica alone, P. multocida alone, or both organisms isolated from four herds were inoculated intranasally into 1-week-old gnotobiotic pigs which were necropsied 4 weeks post-inoculation (PI). Nasal turbinate atrophy in B. bronchiseptica-inoculated pigs was moderate to severe, while P. multocida-inoculated pigs had slight to severe atrophy. Pigs inoculated with both organisms had moderate to complete turbinate atrophy. P. multocida was reisolated at necropsy from all pigs receiving the organism except those having no turbinate damage. B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida from a fifth herd were simultaneously inoculated into six naturally farrowed 6-day-old SPF pigs. Necropsy performed 4 weeks PI revealed severe to complete turbinate atrophy. Nasal turbinates were normal for control pigs in both experiments.  相似文献