The Two Cultures of Science： Implications for University-Industry Relationships in the U.S. Agriculture Biotechnology     

William B Lacy  Leland L Glenna  Dina Biscotti  Rick Welsh  Kate Clancy 《农业科学学报》2014,13(2):455-466

Partnerships between U.S. universities and industries have existed for several decades and in recent years have become generally more varied, wider in scope, more aggressive and experimental and higher in public visibility. In addition, in the last few decades, public and private interests have advocated for government policies and laws to globally promote the commercialization of university science. This paper examines the persistence or convergence of the two cultures of science and the implications of this commercialization for university-industry relationships in agriculture biotechnology. The perceptions and values of over 200 U.S. university and industry scientists, managers and administrators who participate in or oversee research collaborations in agricultural biotechnology were analyzed. The findings revealed that the participants in these research relationships continue to perceive very distinct cultures of science and identify a wide range of concerns and disadvantages of these partnerships. Several actions were discussed to ensure that the two cultures serve complementary roles and that they maximize the public benefits from these increasing collaborations.  相似文献   

A Flower Marker for Plant-breeding Operations     

Rick CM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1947,106(2765):645

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Transmission of equine influenza virus to dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Crawford PC  Dubovi EJ  Castleman WL  Stephenson I  Gibbs EP  Chen L  Smith C  Hill RC  Ferro P  Pompey J  Bright RA  Medina MJ  Johnson CM  Olsen CW  Cox NJ  Klimov AI  Katz JM  Donis RO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5747):482-485

Molecular and antigenic analyses of three influenza viruses isolated from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds revealed that they are closely related to H3N8 equine influenza virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the canine influenza virus genomes form a monophyletic group, consistent with a single interspecies virus transfer. Molecular changes in the hemagglutinin suggested adaptive evolution in the new host. The etiologic role of this virus in respiratory disease was supported by the temporal association of rising antibody titers with disease and by experimental inoculation studies. The geographic expansion of the infection and its persistence for several years indicate efficient transmission of canine influenza virus among greyhounds. Evidence of infection in pet dogs suggests that this infection may also become enzootic in this population.  相似文献   

Characteristics of complete tibial fractures in California racehorses     

Monika A. Samol  Francisco A. Uzal  Ashley E. Hill  Rick M. Arthur  Susan M. Stover 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(5):911-922

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Percent recovery of insulin from two different concentrations (3 U/250 mL and 45 U/250 mL) of regular insulin solutions prepared for continuous rate infusion     

Jeannie L. Clark  Elke Rudloff  Markus Rick 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2021,31(1):117-120

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Physiologic effects of furosemide in combination with water restriction when administered at 4 and 24 hours prior to high-intensity treadmill training     

Heather K. Knych  W. David Wilson  Alina Vale  Philip H. Kass  Eugene P. Steffey  James H. Jones  Rick M. Arthur 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(6):565-576

Although controversial, due to its reported effectiveness in attenuating bleeding associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), furosemide is currently a permitted race day medication in most North American racing jurisdictions. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of furosemide in reducing the presence and severity of EIPH when administered 24 hr prior to strenuous treadmill exercise. Eight exercised Thoroughbred horses received saline or 250 mg of furosemide either 4 or 24 hr prior to high-speed treadmill exercise in a balanced 3-way cross-over design. Blood samples were collected for determination of furosemide, lactate, hemoglobin, blood gas, and electrolyte concentrations. Heart rate and pulmonary arterial pressure were measured throughout the run and endoscopic examination and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed. Horses were assigned an EIPH score and the number of red blood cells in BAL fluid determined. Although not significantly different, endoscopic EIPH scores were lower in the 4-hr versus the 24-hr and saline groups. RBC counts were not significantly different between the treatment groups. Pulmonary arterial pressures were significantly increased at higher speeds; however, there were no significant differences between dose groups when controlling for speed. A small sample size and unknown bleeding history warrant a larger-scale study.  相似文献   

Intramuscular Grade 1 fibrosarcoma: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in 2 dogs     

Karine P. Gendron  Elizabeth W. Howerth  Koichi Nagata  Michael Perlini  Nicole Northrup 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(8):857

Two adult neutered male dogs were presented for evaluation of firm, painless masses arising within muscle: an 8-year-old German wirehaired pointer dog with an accessory tricipital growth, and a 3-year-old German shepherd dog with a gracilis muscle growth. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics suggested malignant behavior, with a central fluid-like portion with a hyperenhancing lining, a nidus of disorganized tissue, and an extensive reactive zone, whereas histopathology was consistent with low-grade fibrosarcoma. This report describes histologically low-grade, yet biologically high-grade intramuscular fibrosarcoma, in which MRI provided detailed information on tumor behavior and assisted with biopsy and surgical planning.  相似文献   

Macroscopic and molecular-scale assessment of soil lead contamination impacted by seasonal dove hunting activities     

Yuji Arai  Allison R. Rick  Tessa Saylor  Emily Faas  Ryan Tappero  Antonio Lanzirotti 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(6):968-979

Purpose  

Environmental contamination of lead (Pb) in soils and sediments poses serious threats to human and ecological health. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of seasonal dove sports hunting activities on Pb contamination in acid forest soils.  相似文献   

Detection of innocent systolic murmurs by auscultation and their relation to hematologic and echocardiographic findings in clinically normal Whippets     

Bavegems VC  Duchateau L  Polis IE  Van Ham LM  De Rick AF  Sys SU 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,238(4):468-471

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Stray dog population health in Jodhpur, India in the wake of an animal birth control (ABC) program     

Totton SC  Wandeler AI  Ribble CS  Rosatte RC  McEwen SA 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,98(2-3):215-220

Our objectives were to (1) estimate the prevalence of various health indices in the stray dog population in Jodhpur, India and (2) determine if there was an association between an animal birth control (ABC) program and the prevalence of these health indices in this population. A prevalence survey of 323 sexually intact stray dogs >3 months caught from the streets of Jodhpur from September to November, 2005 indicated that low body condition score (70%), skin conditions (69%) and tick infestation (68%) were the most common health problems in this population. An observational study of 888 stray dogs on the streets of Jodhpur from March to April, 2006 revealed that sterilized dogs were more likely to have a higher body condition score (BCS) than sexually intact dogs when controlling for age, based on a multinomial regression model. However, sterilized dogs were more likely to have a skin condition than sexually intact dogs, based on a logistic regression model. Our observations of the surgical/kennel facility indicated that an effective tick control program was needed. Additionally, the current parasite control protocol at the kennel/shelter facility was inadequate to treat mange, a contact-transmitted skin disease. This is the first study to evaluate the associations between an ABC program and stray dog health, apart from rabies.  相似文献