Polyphenols in Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis heartwood with reference to heart rot susceptibility     

Karen M. Barry  Rie Mihara  Noel W. Davies  Tohru Mitsunaga  Caroline L. Mohammed 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(6):615-621

The heartwood of Acacia mangium is vulnerable to heart rot and this is the first study to investigate the role of heartwood extractives in its susceptibility. Acacia auriculiformis was compared with A. mangium because it is rarely associated with heart rot. The heartwood extracts of both species were dominated by three flavonoids (2,3-trans-3,4′,7,8-tetrahydroxyflavanone, teracacidin, and 4′,7,8,-trihydroxyflavanone), which were purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The latter compound has not been previously reported in A. mangium and evidence for melacacidin is also newly reported. The mass spectrometric (MS) behavior of these compounds is given, for example teracacidin does not form molecular ions by either electrospray ionization or atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization. The nature of Acacia tannins was compared to quebracho tannin (composed of profisetinidins) using oxidative cleavage to enable MS detection but a negative reaction was obtained for both, which suggests the Acacia tannins may also be of the 5-deoxy proanthocyanidin type. The concentration of flavanones was less when A. mangium heartwood was decayed but the amount of proanthocyanidins was only slightly reduced and therefore these compounds may be more resistant to degradation by heart rot fungi. We found that the total phenol content of A. auriculiformis was about fivefold that of A. mangium, and, while preliminary, this provides evidence for a role played by phenolic extractives in heart rot resistance of these Acacia species.  相似文献   

In vitro growth of bovine oocytes in oocyte-cumulus cell complexes and the effect of follicle stimulating hormone on the growth of oocytes     

Mihoko FUSHII  Rie YAMADA  Takashi MIYANO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(1):5

Several successful in vitro culture experiments have used oocyte-cumulus cell-mural granulosa cell complexes (OCGCs) from early antral follicles (0.5–0.7 mm) for the growth of bovine oocytes. However, in studies related to in vitro oocyte maturation and in vitro embryo production, oocyte-cumulus cell complexes (OCCs) that have no mural granulosa cells have been widely used instead of OCGCs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cumulus cells alone support oocyte growth. First, OCCs and OCGCs were cultured in vitro for 14 days to compare the integrity of the complexes as well as antrum formation. After 14 days, the diameter and meiotic competence of oocytes in OCCs and OCGCs were examined. Oocytes in OCCs grew fully and acquired meiotic competence similar to OCGCs, whereas antrum formation occurred later in OCCs as compared to OCGCs. Subsequently, the effects of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on in vitro growth of OCCs were examined for 14 days. When FSH was added to the culture medium, OCCs formed antrum-like structures one day earlier than those cultured without FSH. Oocytes cultured with 1 mIU/ml FSH grew fully and acquired meiotic competence. In contrast, when oocytes were cultured in media containing high concentrations of FSH, some of the OCCs collapsed and the number of degenerated oocytes increased. In conclusion, bovine oocytes in OCCs grow and acquire meiotic competence similar to OCGCs and, 1 mIU/ml FSH supports the development of OCCs and oocyte growth as observed in our culture system.  相似文献   

Development of liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry for the determination of patulin in apple juice: investigation of its contamination levels in Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ito R  Yamazaki H  Inoue K  Yoshimura Y  Kawaguchi M  Nakazawa H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(25):7464-7468

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by mainly Penicillium species, for example, P. expansum, and Aspergillus species. There are several reports of patulin contamination in apple juice. Last year, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan set the maximum allowable level of patulin in apple juice at 50 ppb and decided that the measurement of patulin levels in apple juice products should be conducted. To this end, a simple, accurate, and selective analytical method for the detection of patulin at levels lower than 5 ppb, the detection limit, is desired. This paper reports the development of an analytical method that employs solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS). When MS measurements were conducted with the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, the pseudomolecular ions at m/z 153 and 156 were used to monitor patulin and (13)C(3)-labeled patulin, respectively. The detection limit (S/N = 3) and the quantification limit (S/N = 10) of patulin at injection levels into LC-MS were 12.5 and 25 pg, respectively. However, when the actual sample was applied for the analysis based on the developed method including the sample preparation, the detection limit (S/N = 3) and quantification limit (S/N = 10) were 2.5 and 5 pg in sample, respectively. The calibration curve obtained for concentrations ranging from 5 to 500 ppb showed good linearity with a coefficient of determination (r (2)) of 0.999. In addition, the recovery was >95% when an internal standard was used. The method was applied to the analysis of 76 apple juice samples from Japan, and as a result, patulin levels ranging from <1.0 to 45 ppb (detection frequency = 15/76) were detected. In this study, it was found that patulin was a greater contaminant in concentration/reduction than in "not from concentrate" apple juice.  相似文献   

Inhibitory effects of heterocyclic amine-induced DNA adduct formation in mouse liver and lungs by beer     

Arimoto-Kobayashi S  Takata J  Nakandakari N  Fujioka R  Okamoto K  Konuma T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(3):812-815

An evaluation of the in vivo antigenotoxic potential of beer components on heterocyclic amines including 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4.3-b]indole (Trp-P-2) was determined with particular focus on the target organs of tumorigenesis, and the protective mechanisms involved were investigated. Beer-solution, consisting of a freeze-dried and dissolved sample, given as drinking water, reduced the formation of MeIQx-DNA adducts in mouse liver and lungs. Beer-solution added in the diet as a mimic of food additives also significantly reduced the amount of DNA adducts present in the liver, lung, and kidney DNA of mice fed with MeIQx compared to control mice fed with MeIQx in the absence of beer-solution. The amount of adducts present in the liver of mice with single or continuous administration of Trp-P-2 was significantly reduced when beer-solution was given as part of the diet compared to control mice given Trp-P-2 without beer-solution. Protective effects were observed both with lager- and stout-type samples. In an effort to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the observed protective effects, the effects of beer-solution on metabolizing enzymes for heterocyclic amines were examined. Beer-solutions inhibited the metabolic activation of Trp-P-2 to Trp-P-2(NHOH), as demonstrated by HPLC analysis. Considering the overall suppression of the genotoxicity of MeIQx and Trp-P-2 by beer, we have shown that beer components can inhibit the metabolic activation of heterocyclic amines and subsequently suppress the observed genotoxicity. The results of this study show that beer components are protective against the genotoxic effects of heterocyclic amines on target organs associated with tumorigenesis in vivo.  相似文献   

Antioxidant activities of black and yellow soybeans against low density lipoprotein oxidation   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Takahashi R  Ohmori R  Kiyose C  Momiyama Y  Ohsuzu F  Kondo K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(11):4578-4582

Several studies have demonstrated that the daily intakes of soy foods were associated with a reduced cardiovascular risk. The aim of our study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of black soybeans on low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in comparison to yellow soybeans. The extract from black soybean had a longer LDL oxidation lag time than that from yellow soybean (205 +/- 16 and 65 +/- 3 min, respectively). When both soybeans were divided into the seed coat and the mixture of the germ and cotyledon, the diluted extract solution from the black soybean seed coat prolonged the lag time significantly more than the original extract of the yellow soybean seed coat. On the other hand, antioxidant effects of the extract from the mixture of germs and cotyledons were similar in both soybeans. Regarding total polyphenol contents, the seed coat of black soybean had a higher polyphenol content than that of yellow soybean (29.0 +/- 0.56 and 0.45 +/- 0.02 mg/g, respectively). Interestingly, the mixture of the germ and cotyledon hydrolyzed by beta-glucosidase in both soybeans showed a stronger inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation than that before being hydrolyzed by beta-glucosidase. These results suggest that black soybeans may be more effective in inhibiting LDL oxidation than yellow soybeans because of total polyphenols contents in its seed coat. In addition, aglycones, which are rich in soybeans fermented or hydrolyzed by beta-glucosidase, may play a crucial role in the prevention of oxidation-related diseases.  相似文献   

Distribution and sequence of pyknotic cells in rat fetuses exposed to busulfan     

Ohira T  Ando R  Andoh R  Nakazawa T  Nishihara K  Yamamoto S  Nakamura N  Tamura K 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(3):167-171

Busulfan, an antineoplastic bifunctional-alkylating agent, is known to induce developmental anomalies. In the present study, we examined the distribution and sequence of pyknotic cells in rat fetal tissues exposed to busulfan. Pregnant rats on gestation day 13 were administered intraperitoneally 30 mg/kg of busulfan, and fetal tissues were examined at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours after treatment (HAT). Pyknosis of component cells was observed markedly in the brain, moderately in the eyes and spinal cord and mildly in the craniofacial tissue, mandible, limb buds, tail bud, ganglions, alimentary tract, lungs, kidneys, pancreas and liver. In the brain, mitotic inhibition was also detected. Most of the pyknotic cells were considered to be apoptotic cells judging from the results of TUNEL staining and electron microscopic examination. Commonly in the above-mentioned tissues, pyknotic cells began to increase at 24 HAT, peaked at 36 or 48 HAT and disappeared at 96 HAT, which is when the histological picture returned to normal in most tissues except for the brain, spinal cord and eyes. The present study clarified the outline of busulfan-induced apoptosis in rat fetuses.  相似文献   

Improvement and validation of the method to determine neutral detergent fiber in feed     

Hisaaki HIRAOKA  Rie FUKUNAKA  Eiichi ISHIKURO  Osamu ENISHI  Tetsuhisa GOTO 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(10):690-695

To improve the performance of the analytical method for neutral detergent fiber in feed with heat‐stable α‐amylase treatment (aNDFom), the process of adding heat‐stable α‐amylase, as well as other analytical conditions, were examined. In this new process, the starch in the samples was removed by adding amylase to neutral detergent (ND) solution twice, just after the start of heating and immediately after refluxing. We also examined the effects of the use of sodium sulfite, and drying and ashing conditions for aNDFom analysis by this modified amylase addition method. A collaborative study to validate this new method was carried out with 15 laboratories. These laboratories analyzed two samples, alfalfa pellet and dairy mixed feed, with blind duplicates. Ten laboratories used a conventional apparatus and five used a Fibertec^® type apparatus. There were no significant differences in aNDFom values between these two refluxing apparatuses. The aNDFom values in alfalfa pellet and dairy mixed feed were 388 g/kg and 145 g/kg, the coefficients of variation for the repeatability and reproducibility (CV_r and CV_R) were 1.3% and 2.9%, and the HorRat values were 0.8 and 1.1, respectively. This new method was validated with 5.8% uncertainty (k = 2) from the collaborative study.  相似文献   

Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Studies on Uptake and Distribution of FITC-Conjugated PLGA Nanoparticles Administered Intratracheally in Rats     

Hara K  Tsujimoto H  Huang CC  Kawashima Y  Ando R  Kusuoka O  Tamura K  Tsutsumi M 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(1):19-26

Polylactide-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles have been developed as pulmonary drug delivery carriers. To investigate their behavior, small- (d50 = 74 nm) and large-sized (d50 = 250 nm) FITC-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles were intratracheally administered to rats and were traced for 5, 30 and 60 minutes and 24 hours after administration (HAT). Immunohistochemically, a, FITC-positive reaction was observed in type-I alveolar epithelial cells (type-I AEC), endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages in the lungs from 5 minutes after treatment (MAT) to 24 HAT in both nanoparticle groups. In the kidneys, a positive reaction was observed in proximal tubular epithelial cells at 30 MAT; the reaction peaked at 60 MAT and was reduced at 24 HAT, while no positive reaction was seen in other sites. Ultrascructurally, the number of membrane-bound vesicles, which were approximately 70 nm in size and hard to distinguish from pinocytic vesicles, apparently increased in type-I AEC and endothelial cells at 5 MAT in the small-sized group, in comparison with the control group receiving physiological saline. The number of vesicles in the large-sized group was almost same as that in the control group. On the other hand, in both nanoparticle groups, lysosomes filled with nanoparticles appeared in alveolar macrophages from 30 MAT to 24 HAT. These results indicate that PLGA nanoparticles might be quickly transferred from the alveolar space to the blood vessel via type-I alveolar epithelial cells and excreted into urine, and that there is a threshold for particle size, less than approximately 70 nm in diameter, with regard to absorption through the alveolar wall.  相似文献   

Isolation of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus intermedius and its local toxicity in dogs     

Terauchi R  Sato H  Hasegawa T  Yamaguchi T  Aizawa C  Maehara N 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,94(1):19-29

A rounding effect was demonstrated in cultured cells inoculated with the culture filtrates (CFs) of 60 strains of Staphylococcus intermedius derived from dogs affected with pyoderma. Exfoliative toxin (ET)-like toxin (ETLT) was isolated from the CF of S. intermedius strain D-52, which exhibited strong rounding activity and then was purified by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, and by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The ETLT caused exfoliation in 1-day-old chickens, suckling Syrian hamsters, and dogs, but not in suckling mice. The ETLT was serologically different from exfoliative toxin A (ETA), exfoliative toxin B (ETB), exfoliative toxin C (ETC), S. hyicus exfoliative toxin A (SHETA), and SHETB, as shown by Western blot analysis. The molecular weight of the ETLT was estimated at 30 kDa by SDS-PAGE. In the present study, we propose the ETLT was a novel type of ET, S. intermedius exfoliative toxin (SIET).  相似文献   

Cloning of the gene coding for Staphylococcus intermedius exfoliative toxin and its expression in Escherichia coli     

Terauchi R  Sato H  Endo Y  Aizawa C  Maehara N 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,94(1):31-38

An exfoliative toxin (SIET)-producing strain (D-52) of Staphylococcus intermedius derived from canine pyoderma did not possess large plasmids. Therefore, the gene coding for SIET was considered to be located on the chromosomal DNA. The SIET gene was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of S. intermedius and was expressed in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the SIET gene consists of a coding region of 990 bp specifying a polypeptide of 330 amino acid residues, which included a putative 42-residue signal sequence.  相似文献