Antioxidant activity in astringent and non-astringent persimmons     

Satoru Kondo  Hiroyuki Yoshikawa  Rie Katayama 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):390-394

Summary

Catechins, ascorbic acid and -cryptoxanthin concentrations during fruit development and the antioxidant activity in skin and flesh were investigated in astringent ‘Saijyo’ and non-astringent ‘Fuyu’ persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). The IC₅₀ values (a midpoint of 50% between zero and full inhibition of diazo dye formation) of superoxide (O₂^–)-scavenging activity remained low in the skin throughout fruit development.The IC₅₀ values of the activity increased with d after full bloom (DAFB) in the flesh of the non-astringent type, whereas values remained low until harvest in the astringent type. However, IC₅₀ values increased sharply after the removal of astringency with ethanol spray. Catechin concentrations in the flesh also decreased after the removal of astringency, whereas the concentrations in the skin did not decrease. Ascorbic acid concentrations in the skin and flesh were high at the beginning and middle of fruit development, but -cryptoxanthin in the skin and flesh increased toward harvest. However, -cryptoxanthin concentrations in the skin and flesh were lower than catechins and ascorbic acid. In addition, IC₅₀ in the flesh of the non-astringnet type was high despite the increase of -cryptoxanthin at harvest.These results suggest that catechins and ascorbic acid influence O₂-scavenging activity at the beginning and middle of fruit development, and catechins are associated with the O₂-scavenging activity at ripening. Changes in 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radicalscavenging activity with fruit developmental stage were similar to that for O₂^–. That is, IC₅₀ values of DPPH-radical-scavenging activity decreased rapidly after the removal of astringency. -cryptoxanthin did not eliminate the DPPH-radicals. Therefore, the DPPH-radicals in persimmons may be eliminated primarily by catechins and ascorbic acid. The utilization of tannins before the removal of astringency is discussed.  相似文献   

Binding effect of cellulose nanofibers in wood flour board     

Yoichi Kojima  Jun Minamino  Akiko Isa  Shigehiko Suzuki  Hirokazu Ito  Rie Makise  Masaki Okamoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(5):396-401

Wood-based materials are extensively used for residual construction worldwide, especially in Japan. Most wood-based materials are fabricated using adhesives, some of which are not environmentally friendly. As an alternative to chemical adhesives, we explored this issue using nanofiber technology, especially the use of cellulose nanofibers (CNF), as reinforcement in wood flour (WF) board to replace chemical adhesives. We found that CNF could be easily made by pulverization in a ball mill. The physical and mechanical properties of WF board were improved by the three-dimensional binding effects of the CNF.  相似文献   

Livelihood diversification with certification‐supported farming: The case of land reform beneficiaries in the Philippines          下载免费PDF全文

Rie Makita 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2016,57(1):44-59

The promotion of intensive farming through organic and fair trade certification appears contradictory to the increasing significance of non‐farm income sources in rural Asia as well as in many other parts of the rural South. By observing a sugarcane producer co‐operative comprising land reform beneficiaries in the Philippines, this paper explores the reality of livelihood diversification as practised by member households of the certified co‐operative, focusing on the compatibility of certification‐supported farming with diversified activities. In this case, diversification at the household level progressed both away from farming and into farming. Behind the long‐term use of agricultural certification, there are compelling reasons for continuing both certification‐supported farming and diversified activities, and for employing mechanisms that further the compatibility at all phases between the former and the latter, and maximising income‐generating opportunities. The operation of communal land with agricultural certification may be an effective form of assistance to land reform beneficiaries who share a strong desire to be landowners.  相似文献   

Application of truncated nucleocapsid protein (N) for serotyping ELISA of murinae-associated hantavirus infection in rats     

Yasuda SP  Yoshimatsu K  Koma T  Shimizu K  Endo R  Isozumi R  Arikawa J 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(2):215-219

Truncated recombinant nucleocapsid proteins (trNs) that lack N-terminally located cross-reactive epitopes of four Murinae rodent-associated hantaviruses, Seoul virus (SEOV), Thailand virus, Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Dobrava-Belgrade virus, were produced by using a baculovirus expression system. ELISA with the trNs as antigens enabled serotyping of immune sera from rats experimentally inoculated with the corresponding hantaviruses with cut-off OD values of 60% of those of whole N of HTNV. The trN-based ELISA could serotype 12 out of 13 sera obtained from wild rodents (Rattus norvegicus) naturally infected with SEOV using the 60% cut-off value. These results indicate that screening with whole N followed by serotyping with trNs using a cut-off OD value of 60% of that of whole N is a useful method for serological surveillance of Murinae-associated hantavirus infection among rodents.  相似文献   

Cyanobacterial communities of rice straw left on the soil surface of a paddy field     

Naoko Asari  Rie Ishihara  Yasunori Nakajima  Makoto Kimura  Susumu Asakawa 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(4):605-612

To estimate diversity, seasonal variation, and phylogeny of the cyanobacterial communities in rice straw placed in nylon mesh bags and left on the soil surface of a paddy field, total DNA was extracted from straw, amplified by polymerase chain reaction targeting 16S rRNA genes of cyanobacteria, and the amplicons were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). These DGGE bands were sequenced. The paddy field was under flooded condition after transplanting of rice (Experiment 1) and under drained conditions after harvest (Experiment 2). The residual samples on the soil surface under upland conditions were collected just before spring plowing and were placed again on the soil surface after transplanting under flooded conditions. DGGE band patterns of cyanobacterial communities of rice straw were different under drained conditions, under flooded conditions when fresh rice straw samples were placed (Experiment 1), and under flooded conditions when residual rice straw samples were replaced (Experiment 2), indicating that the communities were influenced by both water regime of the paddy field and the degree of the rice straw decomposition. Sequence analysis of DGGE bands indicated that most of the cyanobacteria in rice straw on the soil surface in the paddy field were filamentous members belonging to Subsections III and IV. Filamentous cyanobacterial cells were observed in rice straw under flooded conditions by epifluorescence microscopy.  相似文献   

Cacao polyphenol extract suppresses transformation of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor in C57BL/6 mice     

Mukai R  Fukuda I  Nishiumi S  Natsume M  Osakabe N  Yoshida K  Ashida H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10399-10405

Dioxins enter the body through the diet and cause various toxicological effects through transformation of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Plant extracts and phytochemicals including flavonoids are reported to suppress this transformation. This paper investigates the suppression by a cacao polyphenol extract (CPE) of AhR transformation in vivo. The CPE was administered orally to C57BL/6 mice at 100 mg/kg of body weight, followed 1 h later by 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), an AhR agonist, injected intraperitoneally at 10 mg/kg of body weight. CPE suppressed the MC-induced transformation to the control level by inhibiting the formation of a heterodimer between AhR and an aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator in the liver at 3 h postadministration. It also suppressed MC-induced cytochrome P4501A1 expression and NAD(P)H:quinone-oxidoreductase activity, whereas it increased glutathione S-transferase activity at 25 h. CPE constituents and their metabolites might contribute, at least in part, to the suppression of AhR transformation. The results indicate that the intake of CPE suppressed the toxicological effects of dioxins in the body.  相似文献   

Prognostic value of serum cystatin C concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease     

Naoki Iwasa  Rie Kumazawa  Saki Nomura  Mamu Shimizu  Munetaka Iwata  Mayuka Hara  Mifumi Kawabe  Yui Kobatake  Satoshi Takashima  Naohito Nishii 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2023,37(2):412-419

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In vitro host range of feline morbillivirus     

Shoichi SAKAGUCHI  Rie KOIDE  Takayuki MIYAZAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1485-1487

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Immature T cell neoplasms in three young cattle     

Rie YOKOTA  Kenshi SATO  Yoshihiro WADA  Yoshiharu ISHIKAWA  Koichi KADOTA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1697-1700

Immature T cell neoplasms in three young Holstein cattle with neoplastic involvement of the thymus are described. Case 1, with a precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia (calf form of leukosis), was an 86-day-old female calf. The leukemia was characterized by replacement of the bone marrow and spleen by leukemia cells, but preservation of epithelial frameworks throughout the thymus. The other two neoplasms were thymic γδ T cell lymphomas, which were observed in a 246-day-old steer (case 2) and a 16-month-old heifer (case 3). Histological examination revealed obliteration of the normal thymic architecture and stromal fibrosis, with the spleen and liver far less severely affected than in case 1. There were cytological differences bewteen the tumors in case 1 and cases 2 and 3. Additionally, WC1 and CD8 were expressed only in the latter. Thus, the leukemia and these lymphomas should be regarded as independent disease entities on the basis of histological and immunohistochemical characteristics.  相似文献   

Analysis of the equine ovarian structure during the first twelve months of life by three-dimensional internal structure microscopy     

Mamiko ONO  Hiroki AKUZAWA  Yasuo NAMBO  Yuuko HIRANO  Junpei KIMURA  Satoko TAKEMOTO  Sakiko NAKAMURA  Hideo YOKOTA  Ryutaro HIMENO  Tohru HIGUCHI  Tadatoshi OHTAKI  Shigehisa TSUMAGARI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1599-1603

A three-dimensional internal structure microscopy (3D-ISM) can clarify the anatomical arrangement of internal structures of equine ovaries. In this study, morphological changes of the equine ovary over the first 12 months of life were investigated by 3D-ISM in 59 fillies and by histological analysis in 2 fillies. The weight and volume of the paired ovaries initially decreased from 0 to 1 months to 2 to 3 months of age and then significantly increased at 8 to 12 months of age. The ovulation fossa was first observed around the 3rd month and became evident after the 6th month. The number of follicles with a diameter of ≥10 mm and the diameter of the largest follicle increased gradually after 6 months of age. On a volume basis, the medulla accounted for nearly 90% of the whole ovary at 0 to 1 months of age, but significantly decreased from 2 to 3 months of age. The volume of the cortex increased progressively after birth and reached approximately 60% of the total volume at 8 to 12 months of age. This significant development of the cortex coincided with the increased number and size of large follicles observed from 6 months of age. These results suggest that the development of the cortex plays a role in the maturation of the follicles and the equine ovary undergoes substantial morphological changes postnatally until puberty.  相似文献