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31.
Hideaki Shibata Rieko Urakawa Hiroto Toda Yoshiyuki Inagaki Ryunosuke Tateno Keisuke Koba Asami Nakanishi Karibu Fukuzawa Ayaka Yamasaki 《Journal of Forest Research》2011,16(5):374-385
Net nitrogen transformation was investigated under different climate conditions by soil transplantation and in situ incubation
of forest surface soils using the resin-core method. Selected conditions were considered to reflect those of the natural climate
gradient in the Japanese archipelago. Study sites were established in natural forests in northern Hokkaido (Uryu), northern
Kanto (Kusaki), central Kinki (Kamigamo), and southern Kyushu (Takakuma), representing the northernmost to the southernmost
island regions of Japan. Field experiments comparing soils incubated at “native” and “transplanted” sites were conducted from
June 2008 to May 2009. Net production, accumulation, and leaching of soil ammonium (NH4
+) and nitrate (NO3
−) were measured at each of the sites during the growing season (June–October), the dormant season (November–May), and throughout
the year. Net nitrate production was highest in Kusaki soil, especially during the growing season, whereas net ammonium production
was highest in Uryu soil, the coldest site, especially during the dormant season. Net nitrate production increased significantly
in soils transplanted to a warmer climate during the growing season. However, net ammonium production increased in soils transplanted
to colder climates during the dormant season. These findings indicate that, with the exception of the infertile soil samples
from Kamigamo, the range of natural climates in Japan has a significant effect on nitrogen availability in surface soil. In
addition, the original characteristics of the nitrogen cycle of the surface soil from each native site were retained, even
when marked changes in soil temperature (approximately 8°C) occurred after transplantation. 相似文献
32.
Katsushige Shiraki Yoshiki Shinomiya Rieko Urakawa Hiroto Toda Kikuo Haibara 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(3):201-208
Numerical infiltration simulations were performed to reproduce secondary discharge peaks in a mountainous forest watershed
(watershed area, 1.89 ha; average topsoil depth, 2.61 m; and bedrock geology, Mesozoic–Paleozoic) using a simplified physically
based three-dimensional saturated and unsaturated water-flow model based on Richards’ equation. We were able to calculate
the quick discharge during rain and a secondary discharge peak at the watershed simultaneously, using observed topographical
information, the topsoil depth distribution, and soil hydraulic characteristics, and by dividing the watershed by 2.5 m horizontally
and ten cells vertically. Although the calculated hydrograph did not agree entirely with the observed hydrograph, we conclude
that the characteristics of the observed hydrograph were explained with better accuracy using the smaller soil porosity patterns
than using the observed patterns. We verified that the simulation method based on Richards’ equation was effective to analyze
the rainfall-runoff processes toward the intended watershed. Computational comparisons clarified that lower soil porosity
quickens the timing of secondary discharge peaks and increases their volume. Additional examinations, such as the distribution
of soil hydraulic characteristics and the actual condition of Hortonian overland flow, are necessary to simulate rainfall-runoff
processes precisely at the intended watershed. 相似文献
33.
Katayama M Nishijima N Okamura Y Katayama R Yamashita T Kamishina H Uzuka Y 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2012,14(4):257-261
Clarithromycin (CLM) has been known to increase the cyclosporine (CsA) trough levels in human transplant patients. However, the interaction of CLM with CsA has not been reported in cats. In this study, the effects of oral dosing of CLM on the pharmacokinetics and dosing of CsA in cats were investigated. Co-administration of CLM with CsA resulted in significant increases of oral bioavailability of CsA. In addition, CLM reduced the CsA dosage required to maintain the therapeutic CsA trough levels to almost 35% of the initial CsA therapy and the dose frequency was successfully replaced from a twice a day schedule to once a day in a feline kidney transplant patient. The addition of CLM to the regular CsA-based immunosuppression could be used as an effective alternative to classical ketoconazole treatment in feline kidney transplant patients and may result in substantial cost saving and convenience for the cat owners. 相似文献
34.
H. Takahashi T. Komatsu K. Hodate R. Horino Y. Yokomizo 《Zoonoses and public health》2005,52(1):32-37
The effect of intramammary injection of recombinant bovine interleukin‐8 (rbIL‐8, 1 mg/10 ml of saline) on quarter milk levels of somatic cell count (SCC), chemiluminescence (CL) activity and counts of total bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was investigated, using 10 Holstein cows with an early stage or a late stage of subclinical mastitis naturally infected with S. aureus. In the late‐stage group, milk SCC and CL activity had significant rises with maximum levels at 6 h, following maintained high levels thereafter post‐cytokine injection. The counts in milk total bacteria and S. aureus were insignificantly decreased, being increased back on day 7 post‐cytokine injection. Thus, the cytokine was inefficient for the late‐stage subclinical mastitis. However, in the early‐stage group milk SCC and CL activity declined to under pre‐injection levels on day 7 after marked and significant rises at 6 h and day 1 post‐cytokine injection. The milk total bacterial count decreased significantly on days 0.25 and 2. Furthermore, the milk S. aureus count was decreased significantly on days 1, 2, 3 and 7 by the cytokine injection. These results suggest that the rbIL‐8 has a potential as a therapeutic agent of the subclinical mastitis of dairy cows, if the cytokine is applied at an initial stage of infection. 相似文献
35.
Rieko Hatta Akihisa Shinjo Sheila Ruswandi Keiji Kitani Mikihiro Yamamoto Kazuya Akimitsu Takashi Tsuge 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(4):210-219
The strawberry pathotype of Alternaria alternata produces host-specific AF-toxin and causes Alternaria black spot of strawberry. Previously, we isolated cosmid clones pcAFT-1
and pcAFT-2 from strain NAF8 of the strawberry pathotype that contain AF-toxin biosynthetic genes, named AFT genes. In a molecular characterization here of pcAFT-1 and pcAFT-2, 11 AFT genes and five transposon-like sequences, named TLS-S1 to TLS-S5, were detected. The nucleotide sequences of TLS-S1 and TLS-S4
share high homology, and their putative products have similarity to transposases of the hAT family transposons. Thus, TLS-S1 and TLS-S4 were renamed TLS-S1-1 and TLS-S1-2, respectively. Amino acid sequences deduced
from TLS-S2, TLS-S3, and TLS-S5 have similarity to transposases of the Fot1/Pogo family transposons, but they are significantly different. All five sequences have incomplete open reading frames (ORFs) for
transposases owing to deletions, termination codons, and/or frameshifts, indicating that they are inactivated elements. Analysis
of genomic distribution of these sequences revealed that they are specifically distributed on a 1.05-Mb chromosome of NAF8,
which has been identified as a conditionally dispensable (CD) chromosome encoding AFT genes. The presence of three, four, and three copies of TLS-S1, TLS-S2, and TLS-S3, respectively, and a single copy of TLS-S5
on the CD chromosome were estimated by DNA gel blot analysis. The remaining copy of TLS-S1 and the three copies of TLS-S2
were isolated and identified to also encode incomplete ORFs. Thus, it appears that all copies of the transposon-like sequences
identified are inactivated elements (fossils) unique to the CD chromosome in the genome of the strawberry pathotype.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers AB236733
(TLS-S1-1), AB236734 (TLS-S1-2), AB236735 (TLS-S1-3), AB236736 (TLS-S2-1), AB236737 (TLS-S2-2), AB236738 (TLS-S3), and AB236739
(TLS-S5) 相似文献
36.
37.
中日不同来源粟品种籽粒中氮素及矿质元素含量的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在禾谷类作物中,食用作物的籽粒中含有较多的镁,而饲用作物中则富含钾,由此推论镁与钾的化学当量比(Mg/K)与籽粒的品质特性可能有某种内在联系。福冈等对小麦及其60%面粉中的氮素及矿质元素的分析结果表明,硬质小麦籽粒的Mg/K值显著高于软质小
麦,并认为该值可能与面粉的弹、粘性有关[1]掘野等对水稻的研究表明,公认的 相似文献
38.
H Murata R Horino 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(3):279-281
The effects of atmospheric ammonia, a major pollutant in animal confinement facilities, on bovine neutrophils and bronchoalveolar macrophages were evaluated in vitro. Ammonia exposure at concentrations 50, 100 and 200 ppm for one hour impaired recovery rates of neutrophils dose-dependently but enhanced their chemiluminescence activity per cell at lower concentrations (50 and 100 ppm). Macrophages were resistant to the exposure. Their recovery rates and chemiluminescence remained unaffected even at 200 ppm exposure. The present results suggest that ammonia exposure is unfavorable for bovine neutrophils in vitro, and probably in vivo also, in light of causing cell damage and triggering wider inflammatory responses. 相似文献
39.
The somatic chromosomes of standard indica diploid rice, IR 36, were squashed on glass slides and stained with Giemsa. The condensation patterns (CP) of prometaphase
chromosomes were quantitatively analysed using CHIAS III software. The relative length and centromeric index (CI) were converted
from CHIAS III to numerical data and calculated by EXCEL program. The ideogram based on CP of indica rice was established. There were 2 pairs of satellite chromosomes and the result was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using 45S rDNA as a probe.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
40.
Watanabe T Tokishita S Spiegelhalter F Furui S Kitta K Hino A Matsuda R Akiyama H Maitani T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1274-1279
In 2005 it was reported that the genetically modified (GM) maize strain or "event" called Bt10 had been distributed inadvertently in the United States over the previous 4 years. In order to ensure that grain for food and feed production did not contain trace amounts of Bt10 maize and complied with the applicable regulation, highly sensitive and specific detection of Bt10 maize was required. Accordingly, we developed a novel qualitative PCR system for specific detection of Bt10 maize. Moreover, we amply evaluated the performance characteristics of two PCR systems, our own and the one provided by the developer of Bt10, Syngenta Co. Ltd. It was confirmed that both of the qualitative PCR systems can specifically detect Bt10 maize, and the results of a single-laboratory examination suggested that the limit of detection was approximately less than 0.05% for both methods. To evaluate the reproducibility of the methods, we organized an interlaboratory study with the participation of 6 laboratories and analysis of 240 blind test samples. In this paper, we report, for the first time, the statistical analysis of the qualitative PCR data obtained from the interlaboratory study. The results of this analysis also revealed that there was no significant difference in the sensitivity between the two aforementioned methods and that the limit of detection of both the methods was less than 0.05%. Thus, we conclude that both of the methods are equally suitable for correct identification and sensitive detection of the unapproved GM maize Bt10 event in test samples. 相似文献