Evaluation of the Karras Spermdensimeter in Relation to the Neubauer Counting Chamber for Sperm Concentration Measurement in Boar Semen     

WL Vianna  DG Bruno  A Namindome  AC de Campos Rosseto  RC Barnabé  A de Sant'' Anna Moretti 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(5):466-470

The correct measurement of spermatic concentration in boar semen is one of the basic tasks routinely performed at the Swine Artificial Insemination Center (CIAS). This article explains two experiments whose objectives were: Experiment 1: This trial had two objectives: (1) to evaluate the precision of the spermdensimeter (SPM) with relation to the Neubauer count chamber (CN) which is considered the standard technique in the field and (2) to correct the scale on the SPM table. Experiment 2: This trial also had two objectives: (1) to evaluate the time and repetitions required in the SPM and (2) to compare the SPM adjusted table produced in Expt 1 with the SPM standard table. The methods in Expt 1 were used to measure total spermatic concentration in 141 boar ejaculates. The average spermatic concentrations (10(6) spermatozoids/ml) and average dose number were 229.1 and 22.6 for CN, and 283.6 and 28.0 for SPM. These results indicate that the SPM has a tendency to overestimate spermatic concentration with relation to the CN. The SPM produced a smaller coefficient of variation and needed lesser examination time than the CN (p < 0.05). The SPM adjusted table created in Expt 1 produced similar results as the SPM and CN standard tables (2.96 billion live spermatozoids/dose vs 2.36 billion live spermatozoids/dose). Incorporation and evaluation of supplemental data from other CIAS regarding the use of the SPM adjusted table in the field entitled 'Adjusted Table for Karras Spermdensimeter LPS-FMVZ-USP' would be valuable to prove its efficiency.  相似文献   

Ocular manifestations of equine motor neuron disease     

Riis RC  Jackson C  Rebhun W  Katz ML  Loew E  Summers B  Cummings J  de Lahunta A  Divers T  Mohammed H 《Equine veterinary journal》1999,31(2):99-110

The characteristics of the ocular manifestations of equine motor neuron disease (EMND) are described. Forty-two horses with histories, clinical signs and necropsies compatible with EMND were the subjects of this study. Ophthalmoscopic lesions that varied in severity were found in 40 of 42 horses and appeared as a distinct pigmented reticulated pattern at the tapetal-nontapetal junction or throughout the fundus, depending upon severity. The pattern colours ranged from yellow brown to black. Areas of hyperreflectivity formed mosaic patterns in the tapetal fundus. ERG B-wave amplitudes were usually at least 50% reduced and many animals showed extinguished amplitudes. None of the horses had apparent visual impairment. Histopathologically, all 42 horses had retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) congestion with ceroid-lipofuscin. Retinal degeneration was variable even within the eyes. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the RPE and neural retina identified both green and orange emitting fluorescent compounds not found in normal horses. All unsupplemented horses had plasma vitamin E levels <1.0 microg/ml. The potential significance of this report is the pathognomonic role the ocular manifestations exhibit in helping to diagnose equine motor neuron disease.  相似文献   

Use of protocatechuic acid as the sole antioxidant in the base medium for in vitro culture of ovine isolated secondary follicles          下载免费PDF全文

VG Menezes  JMS Santos  TJS Macedo  TLBG Lins  RS Barberino  BB Gouveia  MÉS Bezerra  AYP Cavalcante  MAA Queiroz  RC Palheta Jr  MHT Matos 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(5):890-898

This study evaluated the effect of the protocatechuic acid (PCA) as the sole antioxidant in the base medium for in vitro culture of ovine secondary follicles. Secondary follicles (200‐230 μm) were isolated and cultured in α‐minimal essential medium supplemented with BSA, insulin, glutamine and hypoxanthine (α‐MEM: antioxidant‐free medium) or α‐MEM also added by transferrin, selenium and ascorbic acid (α‐MEM+: with antioxidant) or α‐MEM added by PCA (56.25; 112.5; 225; 450; or 900 μg/ml). Moreover, after culture, oocytes were matured and the chromatin configuration and DNA fragmentation were evaluated. After 12 days, the treatment containing 56.25 μg/ml PCA showed higher percentage of normal follicles than control medium or the other treatments (p < .05), except for 900 μg/ml PCA (p > .05). The antrum formation was significantly higher in treatments containing 56.25, 112.5 or 900 μg/ml PCA, compared to the α‐MEM and similar (p > .05) to the other treatments. The rates of fully grown oocytes (≥110 μm) were similar (p > .05) among all treatments containing PCA and α‐MEM+, and those were superior (p < .05) than α‐MEM, except for 450 μg/ml PCA (p > .05). GSH levels and mitochondrial activity were higher (p < .05) in α‐MEM+ than in α‐MEM and similar (p > .05) to all PCA treatments. The rates of meiotic resumption and DNA fragmentation were similar (p > .05) among α‐MEM+ and 56.25 μg/ml PCA. In conclusion, PCA at 56.25 μg/ml as the sole antioxidant added to the medium for ovine isolated secondary follicle culture maintains follicular survival, GSH and active mitochondria levels, meiotic developmental competence and DNA integrity of cultured oocytes.  相似文献   

Overground endoscopy in 311 Thoroughbred racehorses: findings and correlation to resting laryngeal function          下载免费PDF全文

JA Davison  JM Lumsden  RC Boston  BJ Ahern 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(9):338-342

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The impact of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), seedbed, light and seed fall on natural beech (Fagus sylvatica) regeneration     

Carsten Riis Olesen  Palle Madsen   《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,255(12):3962-3972

The aim of the present study was to quantify the effects of roe deer browsing relative to the effects of soil preparation, shelterwood density (light) and seed fall. Ultimately, the goal was better silvicultural guidelines to support the use of natural beech regeneration in the close-to-nature forestry context. In spring 1995, an experiment on natural regeneration with three experimental stands (0.28–0.6 ha) was installed in a beech (Fagus sylvatica) dominated broadleaved forest inhabited by a dense roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) population (24 deer km⁻²). The autumn of 1995 offered a large beech mast (stand average 307–1168 beechnuts m⁻²).Treatments installed included fencing to exclude deer, soil preparation, shelterwood thinning, and the relevant control treatments. Roe deer and soil preparation had dramatic effects on regeneration from the moment the seedlings sprouted in the spring 1996. The regeneration sprouted only sparsely in the unprepared seedbed producing only 5 seedlings m⁻² (average across fence treatments) after 2 months, which was reduced to 1 sapling m⁻² 8 years later. Deer had no significant effect on the regeneration density of the unprepared seedbed. In contrast, the cultivated seedbeds produced initially (after 2 months) up to 191 seedlings m⁻² protected by fence, whereas the densities in the unfenced treatments peaked by 22 seedlings m⁻². By the end of the study, these densities were reduced to 22 saplings m⁻² in the permanently fenced mineral soil seedbed and to 2 saplings m⁻² in the unfenced mineral soil seedbed. Regeneration height outside the permanent fence was generally only half the height of the regeneration inside. Additionally, we found significantly positive effects of increasing light and seed fall on regeneration density and of light on regeneration growth.We conclude that the roe deer only reduced the regeneration density of the dense regenerations established in the cultivated seedbeds. However, the regeneration density of the unprepared seedbed was not sufficient to support a future high quality stand. We found no treatment that within the timeframe of this study could support successful regeneration establishment outside the permanent fences. Whether this will change in the future with more time given for the regeneration to establish is yet to be revealed.  相似文献   

Ultrasonic shear wave velocities of MgSiO3 perovskite at 8 GPa and 800 K and lower mantle composition   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YD Sinelnikov  G Chen  DR Neuville  MT Vaughan  RC Liebermann 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5377):677-679

Ultrasonic interferometric measurements of the shear elastic properties of MgSiO3 perovskite were conducted on three polycrystalline specimens at conditions up to pressures of 8 gigapascals and temperatures of 800 kelvin. The acoustic measurements produced the pressure (P) and temperature (T) derivatives of the shear modulus (G), namely ( partial differentialG/ partial differentialP)T = 1.8 +/- 0.4 and ( partial differentialG/ partial differentialT)P = -2.9 +/- 0.3 x 10(-2) gigapascals per kelvin. Combining these derivatives with the derivatives that were measured for the bulk modulus and thermal expansion of MgSiO3 perovskite provided data that suggest lower mantle compositions between pyrolite and C1 carbonaceous chondrite and a lower mantle potential temperature of 1500 +/- 200 kelvin.  相似文献   

Influence of temperature on growth and survival of juvenile winter flounder,Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum) reared under continuous light     

Paul Casey  Vahid Zadmajid  Ian A. E. Butts  Sune Riis Srensen  Matthew K. Litvak 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2021,52(1):204-215

Winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, has emerged as a promising candidate flatfish for cold‐water aquaculture and restocking. Here, juveniles were reared for 8 weeks at three temperatures: 10, 15, and 20°C under 24‐hr light. All fish were imaged at stocking and at 2‐week intervals, where growth was measured as changes in standard length (S_L) and body area (B_A). By week 2, fish reared at 15 and 20°C were larger than those grown at 10°C. At weeks 4 to 6, fish at 15°C were larger than fish at 20°C. Linear regressions were used to model growth dynamics over time at each temperature. Highly significant linear growth trajectories were detected over time for S_L and B_A. S_L and B_A regressions also showed a significant difference among the slopes across temperatures, where comparing slopes showed the best temperature to rear the flounder was 15°C. Weights of fish held at 15°C and 20°C were greater than at 10°C at the termination of the experiment. Within each temperature, the growth rate of malpigmented fish was not different from that of the normally pigmented fish. Overall, growth of winter flounder was comparable to that of other commercially produced flatfish species, providing strong evidence for this flatfish species as a potential species for aquaculture.  相似文献   

Shining a light on the loss of rheophilic fish habitat in lowland rivers as a forgotten consequence of barriers,and its implications for management          下载免费PDF全文

Kim Birnie‐Gauvin  Kim Aarestrup  Thorsten M.O. Riis  Niels Jepsen  Anders Koed 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(6):1345-1349

Comparison of analgesic and systemic effects of bupivacaine,methadone, or bupivacaine/methadone administered epidurally in conscious sheep          下载免费PDF全文

R DeRossi  PHA Jardim  LC Hermeto  RC Pagliosa 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(5):164-169

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Endogenous Amino Acid Flow in the Duodenum of Dairy Cows     

Mogens Larsen  Torben Gosvig Madsen  Martin Riis Weisbjerg  Torben Hvelplund  Jørgen Madsen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):161-173

In an inbred pig family founded by commercial breeds, nine microsatellite markers from porcine chromosome 4 were screened to find associations with weight gain and fat deposition traits. In this family showing a linear decrease in weight gain with inbreeding, an association (P <0.05) was found between average daily slaughter gain and markers S0214 and S0373 located at approximately 88 and 98 cM in the linkage map constructed in this study. No association (P >0.05) between backfat thickness and marker genotypes could be detected. Furthermore, the genotypes of the markers showed a surprisingly high degree of heterozygosity in all of the inbred generations, even though the theoretical inbreeding coefficients reaching 0.59.  相似文献