落花生之黄曲毒素防治与其保健植物化合物之探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邱义源 《花生学报》2009,38(4):1-4

落花生是全球熟悉与普遍消费的作物,其特殊之香气与酥脆质地吸引绝大多数消费者的味口。然而,由于落花生可能被黄曲毒素产生菌污染产毒,导致许多消费者常将落花生与黄曲毒素（系一种天然致癌物质）联想在一起,因而犹豫甚至拒绝进食含落花生之产品。落花生虽然是黄曲毒素产生菌生长之良好基质,但必须遭受其侵入,且得到充分生长才会产毒。田间栽种时有适当灌溉、采收后花生荚果迅速干燥,以及良好仓储条件,是落花生采收前后有效降低黄曲毒素污染的最重要方法。加工时,先将花生仁轻度焙烤,再脱膜并以色差电子自动筛检,则能更进一步将被霉菌污染之花生仁筛除,筛选后之花生仁可加工制作安全无虞之高品质食品。另外,有鉴于黄曲毒素产生菌普遍存在于土壤中,但采收后之健康花生荚或花生仁几乎均无黄曲毒素之污染,经探讨得知,落花生具有生合成二苯乙烯类化合物（包括熟知的白藜芦醇在内之植物防御素）以抵抗微生物入侵之本能。因此,落花生可经由发芽制备花生芽作为机能蔬菜,并促进生合成二苯乙烯类化合物,包括白藜芦醇,Arachidin-1,Arachidin-3及Isopentadienylresveratrol（IPD）等,这些二苯乙烯类化合物目前已知,具有相当值得重视的抗氧化与抗发炎活性,具有进一步开发作为饮食补充或保健产品之潜力。  相似文献   

Psettarium anthicum sp. n. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from the heart of cobia Rachycentron canadum (Rachycentridae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico     

Bullard SA  Overstreet RM 《Folia parasitologica》2006,53(2):117-124

Psettarium anthicum sp. n. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) infects the myocardium and atrial wall of the cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) (Rachycentridae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico off Mississippi, USA. It is the first member of Psettarium Goto et Ozaki, 1930 reported from other than the Indian Ocean or Pacific Ocean and the second species of the genus reported from cobia. It differs from its congeners by the combination of having posterior caeca with lateral projections appearing as thorns in lateral view and the male pore anterior to the o?type. The species of Psettarium, P. japonicum (Goto et Ozaki, 1929) (type species), P. tropicum Manter, 1940, P. sebastodorum Holmes, 1971, P. rachycentri (Lebedev et Parukhin, 1972) comb. n. (syn. Psettarioides rachycentri Lebedev et Parukhin, 1972) and P. anthicum sp. n., differ from other sanguinicolids by the combination of having an elongate body with a sinistral posterolateral protuberance, minute, straight tegumental body spines in ventrolateral transverse rows, posterior caeca greater than seven time the anterior caeca length, the o6type near the posterior end of the body, a uterus primarily between the ovary and o?type and an oviduct and vitelline duct extending posteriad primarily between the uterus and dextral body margin. We emend Psettarium and provide a diagnostic key to the species. Psettarioides is regarded as a junior synonym of Psettarium because herein we return its type species, P. tropicum, to Psettarium. Regarding the three other sanguinicolids formerly of Psettarioides, we suspect that P. pseudupenei Lebedev et Parukhin, 1972 belongs to Psettarium but include it only tentatively pending an examination of type or other material; we tentatively place P. kurochkini Parukhin, 1976 in Cardicola Short, 1952; and we designate P. grandis (Lebedev et Mamaev, 1968) as incertae sedis pending examination of type or other appropriate material.  相似文献   

Resistance to septoria nodorum blotch in the Aegilops tauschii accession RL5271 is controlled by a single gene     

Noel E.A. Murphy  Robert Loughman  Robin Wilson  Evans S. Lagudah  Rudi Appels  Michael G.K. Jones 《Euphytica》2000,113(3):227-231

Septoria nodorum blotch is the most important leaf disease of wheat in Western Australia. A potentially useful source of resistance has been identified in an accession of Aegilops tauschii. To study the genetics of resistance of this source a cross was made between the resistant Ae. tauschii accession, RL5271, and a susceptible accession, CPI110889. The resistant parent took significantly longer to develop symptoms, developed significantly fewer lesions and expressed significantly lower levels of disease than the susceptible parent. The F1 mean response for disease severity indicated there was no complete dominance. The F3 families were classified using three approaches. In the first approach the individual F3 plant response was used to classify the F3 families. In the second approach the F3 family means and standard errors were used to classify the F3 families. In the final approach Best Linear Unbiased Predictors of disease score and standard error for each F3 family derived from a REML analysis were used to classify the F3 families. The genotypic ratios generated by each of the approaches suggested that resistance is controlled by a single gene. The effectiveness of the resistance and its simple genetic control in the Ae. tauschii, accession RL5271 may be a useful resistance source for use in a bread wheat breeding program. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Analysis of the off-flavor risk in carp production in ponds in Dombes and Forez (France)     

D. Vallod  J. P. Cravedi  A. Hillenweck  J. Robin 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(3-4):287-298

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Hoof wall surgery in the horse: approaches to and underlying disorders.     

Clifford M Honnas  Robin M Dabareiner  Betsy H McCauley 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2003,19(2):479-499

Because of the hoof capsule, surgery of the equine foot is often perceived to be quite difficult. Knowledge of the specific disease entities that require surgical intervention as well as an in-depth understanding of the anatomy of the tissues beneath the hoof capsule is a definite prerequisite to successful surgical treatment. This article details the surgical approaches used to treat septic navicular bursitis, septic pedal osteitis, infection of the collateral cartilages, and keratomas. The principles used to treat these conditions can be applied to a variety of other conditions for which access through the hoof wall is required.  相似文献   

Do Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses have similar increases in pulmonary vascular pressures during exertion?          下载免费PDF全文

R. P. Hackett  N. G. Ducharme  R. D. Gleed  L. Mitchell  L. V. Soderholm  B. K. Erickson    H. N. Erb 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2003,67(4):291-296

To test the hypothesis that the pulmonary vascular pressures of Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses behave similarly during exertion. Measurements were made on 5 Thoroughbred and 5 Standardbred horses on a treadmill at rest and during 3-minute exercise intervals at speeds predicted to produce 75%, 90%, and 100% maximal heart rate. Left forelimb acceleration, heart rate, esophageal pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure were measured continuously. Pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures were measured during intermittent occlusion of the pulmonary artery. Breathing rate and gait frequency were the fundamental frequencies of the esophageal pressure and limb acceleration signals respectively. The ratio of speed:gait frequency gave stride length. The effects of exertion and breed were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance. Exertion produced significant increases in pulmonary artery (P = 0.001), capillary (P= 0.002), and wedge (P= 0.005) pressures. No significant effect of breed was detected on pulmonary artery pressure, but at exertion pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures were 15% (P= 0.03) and 23% (P= 0.04) greater in Thoroughbreds, respectively. Treadmill speed was ~12% greater (P= 0.04), stride length was ~25% greater (P= 0.0003), gait frequency was ~10% less (P= 0.006), breathing rate was ~10% less (P= 0.001), and heart rate was ~6% less (P= 0.06) for Thoroughbreds. There was no effect of breed on inspiratory or expiratory esophageal pressure although mean esophageal pressure was ~2 mmHg greater (P= 0.03) in exercising Standardbreds. In conclusion, pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures are greater in Thoroughbreds than in Standardbreds at similar fractions of maximal heart rate. This is compatible with the higher incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage observed in Thoroughbreds.  相似文献   

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE DISTAL EXTREMITY OF THE HORSE     

P. Robin  Peterson  DVM  Karl F.  Bowman  DVM  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1988,29(4):147-156

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an imaging tool that is becoming increasingly available for use in veterinary medicine. Advantages, including depiction of detailed cross-sectional anatomy, improved contrast resolution, and computer reformatting, make it a potentially valuable diagnostic technique. Veterinary application of CT has been primarily limited to use in small animals. Current reports describe the technique for use in the horse, but there are no published studies correlating serial CT images with equine cross-sectional anatomy. A study of the distal extremity of the horse was undertaken to facilitate interpretation of images produced using CT. Transverse CT images of the distal forelimb of equine cadavers were evaluated relative to gross anatomic dissection. Resolution of bone architecture in transverse plane images was satisfactory, but soft-tissue' resolution, although satisfactory for visualization of major structures, was relatively poor, probably due to lack of interposed fat and insufficient differences in physical density and atomic number. Thus it appears in the equine distal limb that CT may be most useful for evaluation of complex bone abnormalities.  相似文献   

Veterinary Management of Turtles and Tortoises          下载免费PDF全文

Robin Roscoe 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1996,37(12):766-767

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Plasma and synovial fluid pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous dose of meropenem in adult horses     

Vernon C. Langston  Robin L. Fontenot  Julie A. Byers  Caroline M. Andrews  Cathleen A. Mochal‐King 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(5):525-529

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of meropenem in horses after intravenous (IV) administration. A single IV dose of meropenem was administered to six adult horses at 10 mg/kg. Plasma and synovial fluid samples were collected for 6 hr following administration. Meropenem concentrations were determined by bioassay. Plasma and synovial fluid data were analyzed by compartmental and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic methods. Mean ± SD values for elimination half‐life, volume of distribution at steady‐state, and clearance after IV administration for plasma samples were 0.78 ± 0.176 hr, 136.1 ± 19.69 ml/kg, and 165.2 ± 29.72 ml hr^‐1 kg^?1, respectively. Meropenem in synovial fluid had a slower elimination than plasma with a terminal half‐life of 2.4 ± 1.16 hr. Plasma protein binding was estimated at 11%. Based on a 3‐compartment open pharmacokinetic model of simultaneously fit plasma and synovial fluid, dosage simulations were performed. An intermittent dosage of meropenem at 5 mg/kg IV every 8 hr or a constant rate IV infusion at 0.5 mg/kg per hour should maintain adequate time above the MIC target of 1 μg/ml. Carbapenems are antibiotics of last resort in humans and should only be used in horses when no other antimicrobial would likely be effective.  相似文献   

Comparison between acceleromyography and visual assessment of train-of-four for monitoring neuromuscular blockade in horses undergoing surgery     

Martin-Flores M  Campoy L  Ludders JW  Erb HN  Gleed RD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(3):220-227

ObjectiveTo compare acceleromyography (AMG) with visual assessment of train-of-four (TOF) for monitoring neuromuscular blockade and detecting residual muscle paralysis in horses receiving atracurium.Study designProspective, controlled clinical study.AnimalsNine adult, client-owned horses weighing 577 (436, 727) kg (median, minimum, maximum) and ASA physical status I–II, admitted for surgery.MethodsAn electrical nerve stimulator was used to stimulate the peroneal nerve with TOFs at 1 minute intervals. Before and after atracurium administration (0.15 mg kg⁻¹, IV), the number of twitches observed (TOF count, or TOFc) was assessed visually. When four twitches were seen (i.e., TOFc = 4) presence or absence of fade by visual assessment was recorded. Simultaneously, the response to each TOF was assessed by AMG; this measured TOFc, and twitch fade using TOF ratio (TOFR; ratio of fourth to first twitch). The anesthetist performing the visual evaluation was blinded to the AMG readings. Recovery from neuromuscular blockade was defined as the absence of fade by visual inspection or a TOFR ≥90% by AMG.ResultsDuring onset of action of the drug, fade was first detected 4 (1, 8) minutes earlier by AMG (p = 0.008). Maximal blockade started at 6 (3, 17) minutes by visual assessment and 9 (3, 25) minutes by AMG (not significantly different). Only four horses achieved complete neuromuscular blockade (TOFc of zero by both methods); in those four horses AMG did not detect the start of the return of neuromuscular transmission before visual assessment. Visual assessment indicated the return of four twitches with no fade 12 (8, 42) minutes before AMG gave a TOFR of ≥90% (p = 0.004).Conclusion and clinical relevance There was no substantial advantage for AMG in detecting the onset of atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade. However, AMG detected residual blockade when visual assessment of TOF did not. Application of AMG is likely to reduce the incidence of residual blockade.  相似文献