Helen Kinglsley Niederer     

Robin Giesecke 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(9):603-603

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Application of sperm cryopreservation in selective breeding of the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)     

Serean L Adams  John F Smith  Rodney D Roberts  Achim R Janke  Nick G King  Harry Robin Tervit  Stephen C Webb 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(13):1434-1442

The robustness of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), sperm cryopreservation in the context of selective breeding based on family lines was investigated. Irrespective of egg density, high fertilization success was achieved with cryopreserved sperm when sperm:egg ratios of 1000:1 to 10 000:1 were used. Variation among replicate runs on the same oyster batches was minimal, indicating that cryopreservation and larval rearing procedures were repeatable. Twenty independent single male–female crosses were made to assess the utility of cryopreserved sperm in selective breeding. The fertility of unfrozen sperm was generally a poor predictor of cryopreserved sperm fertility. Based on D‐larval yields, 17 of the 20 crosses were likely to yield adequate spat for selective breeding (>10⁵ D‐larvae from 1 million eggs), two were marginal (5 × 10⁴ D‐larvae) and one was inadequate (4 × 10³ D‐larvae). An alternative fertilization strategy to improve D‐yield from a given number of sperm was then tested. Fertilizing 10 million eggs at a sperm:egg ratio of 200:1 increased the total D‐yield when compared with fertilizing 1 million eggs at a sperm:egg ratio of 2000:1 for the same male–female pair. We conclude that, despite wide variation in fertility, cryopreserved sperm is useful for family production.  相似文献   

Trunk inoculations of Phytophthora cinnamomi in red oaks     

Ccile Robin 《Forest Pathology》1992,22(3):157-165

Trunks of northern red oaks were inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi. To study lesion growth in bark tissues over several years, lesion assessment methods were perfected and tested. Koch's postulates were demonstrated. Development and longevity of lesions were studied. Intra-specific variability of red oak susceptibility was investigated.  相似文献   

Influence of nursery soil amendments on water relations,root architectural development,and field performance of Douglas-fir transplants     

Jacobs  Douglass F.  Rose  Robin  Haase  Diane L.  Morgan  Paul D. 《New Forests》2003,26(3):263-277

This experiment evaluated the influence of manure, peat, and vermiculite incorporated at low and high rates (0.0118 and 0.0236 m³/m²) and under two soil moisture regimes on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling (1+0 for 1+1) xylem water potential (_xylem), whole-plant growth, root architectural development, and subsequent field performance under fertilized and non-fertilized conditions. Trends in soil moisture retention were observed (high manure > high peat > control) but there were no differences in _xylem. Root length in the wetter soil moisture experiment was initially (three months) greatest for seedlings in high vermiculite and least in high manure but there were no differences among treatments at lifting (eight months). Mean height was greatest for seedlings grown in vermiculite and peat (wetter nursery experiment) after two field seasons. Field fertilization (35 g/seedling) with controlled-release fertilizer in the planting hole stimulated height growth initially, but decreased height and diameter growth during the second growing season. Dramatic improvements associated with the use of nursery soil amendments were not realized, but the failure to identify negative effects, a potential reduction in disease incidence, and improvement of nursery soil physical and chemical properties may justify their use.  相似文献   

Seasonal effect on infection and development of lesions caused by Cryphonectria parasitica in Castanea sativa     

L. Guérin  C. Robin 《Forest Pathology》2003,33(4):223-235

Seasonal variation in the development of chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, was investigated by inoculating in situ chestnut trees and in vitro excised chestnut segments, at either monthly or 3‐monthly intervals throughout 30 months. Inoculations were made with conidia and mycelium of a virulent isolate and with mycelium of a hypovirulent isolate. Conidial inoculations of living sprouts or excised segments between May and July resulted in the greatest incidence of infection whereas inoculations in autumn and winter, in vitro as well as in situ, did not reveal any visible disease. However, from these symptomless inoculated stems, C. parasitica was isolated 3 months after inoculation. Inoculations with the mycelium of the virulent isolate always resulted in lesions, except in January 1999, and the greatest rate of lesion development occurred for inoculations made in the spring and summer. There was a significant seasonal effect on lesion development. Lesions caused by the hypovirulent isolate, smaller than those caused by the virulent isolate, followed a similar seasonal pattern. The same seasonal variations were observed for inoculations in vitro of excised segments. Relative water content (RWC) of chestnut bark significantly varied with bark sampling date. The rate of lesion development in sprouts significantly correlated with average minimum (ATn) and maximum (ATx) temperatures and the sum of rainfall during inoculation period, with the rate of lesion development measured in excised segments 10 days after inoculation (R10d) and with RWC measured on the day of inoculation. In multiple regression models, variables ATx and R10d best explained variation in lesion development.  相似文献   

Use of pyrethroid analogues to identify key structural features for enhanced esterase resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)     

Gunning RV  Moores GD  Jewess P  Boyes AL  Devonshire AL  Khambay BP 《Pest management science》2007,63(6):569-575

It has been reported previously that the major resistance mechanism to pyrethroid insecticides by the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in Australia is a consequence of overproduction of esterase isoenzymes. This paper reports structure-activity relationships that support such a view, based on in vivo bioassays conducted with a range of pyrethroid structures containing a variety of acid and alcohol moieties and the correlation with in vitro esterase inhibition assays against the same structures, and identifies the critical regions of the molecule with regard to esterase inhibition, and hence resistance. The implications of this work in terms of possible resistance management are evaluated and discussed.  相似文献   

Fertility and motility of sperm from Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in relation to dose and timing of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist implant     

Etiënne L. M. Vermeirssen  Carlos Mazorra de Quero  Robin J. Shields  Birgitta Norberg  David E. Kime  Alexander P. Scott 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):547-567

In broodstocks of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, male and female gamete production often becomes unsynchronised towards the end of the spawning season—milt becomes very viscous and difficult to express while the females are still producing batches of good quality eggs. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) has been shown to stimulate spermiation in a number of fish species. Therefore, we conducted two experiments where male halibut were implanted intramuscularly with pellets containing GnRHa. The effect of the pellets was tested at three periods: before, at the height of and at the end of spermiation. In the middle period, GnRHa was tested at two doses (5 and 25 μg/kg bodyweight). Measurements were made of milt hydration, sperm motility and fertilisation rate. Implanted males began spermiation at least 4 weeks before control males. Both doses of GnRHa increased the fluidity of the milt. This effect lasted for at least 20 days in the low dose group and for 40 days in the high dose group. When applied at the end of the season, GnRHa reversed the normal trend for the milt to become more viscous. GnRHa treatments did not affect fertilisation rates obtained with the sperm. However, towards the end of the spawning season, sperm motility was enhanced in males treated with the high dose of GnRHa (25 μg/kg) compared to controls. As described previously, plasma concentrations of the gonadal steroids, 5β-pregnane-3β,17,20β-triol 20-sulphate and 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, were significantly enhanced by GnRHa treatment. Concentrations of testosterone on the other hand decreased when spermiating males were treated with GnRHa. Our data suggest that 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one or its metabolites are involved in milt hydration, possibly through affecting ion transport.  相似文献   

Mechanical ventilation and management of an adult horse with presumptive botulism     

Sandra D. Taylor DVM  PhD  DACVIM  Balazs Toth DVM  MS  DACVIM  Wendy M. Townsend DVM  MS  DACVO  Robin Timothy Bentley BVSc  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(5):594-601

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The dietary value for sea-bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax) of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis fed with or without a laboratory-cultured alga     

Francois-Joël Gatesoupe  Jean H. Robin 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1982,27(2):121-127

Rotifers were fed on a laboratory-cultured alga, Platymonas (= Tetraselmis) suecica, and/or a diet composed of commercial single-cell proteins. They were given to sea-bass larvae up to day 15–20 after hatching, while Artemia nauplii were supplied from day 9–13. At day 21, the survival rate of fish obtained with rotifers fed on compound diet ranged between 32 and 82%, and their mean weight between 5.0 and 7.8 mg. When rotifers were fed either only on algae or on a mixture of 33% algae and 67% compound diet, the growth and survival rates of sea-bass were not clearly different to those obtained with rotifers fed on compound diet. No significant difference was observed when these rotifers were enriched with nutrients just before distributing them to fish. However, these rates appeared to be quite high in comparison to those obtained by several other authors. We can therefore recommend rotifers fed on compound diet as being, even without enrichment, convenient and low-cost food for sea-bass larvae.  相似文献   

Analysis of the off-flavor risk in carp production in ponds in Dombes and Forez (France)     

D. Vallod  J. P. Cravedi  A. Hillenweck  J. Robin 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(3-4):287-298

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