Delineating foraging grounds of a loggerhead turtle population through satellite tracking of juveniles     

Robin T.E. Snape  Gail Schofield  Michael White 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(7):1476-1482

1. Tracking of juvenile sea turtles is a research priority to inform the protection of relevant habitats and ensure sustainable rates of recruitment into adult populations. Based on satellite tracking, mixed stock analysis, and mark–recapture studies, Drini Bay in the South Adriatic Sea, Central Mediterranean, has been confirmed as an important foraging site used by loggerhead turtles from all major rookeries in the Mediterranean subpopulation.
2. Three juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from Drini Bay were tracked for 763, 364, and 211 days respectively. All turtles exhibited different movement patterns.
3. The two smaller turtles ranged widely beyond the bay. One of these (69.5 cm curved‐carapace length; CCL) used the coldest region of the Mediterranean during the first winter of tracking where mean weekly temperatures dipped below 12°C but moved southwards to warmer waters during the second winter. In comparison, the other (66 cm CCL) individual moved south to winter in warmer waters from the outset. Both individuals returned to Drini Bay during summer, demonstrating fidelity to the study site. The third turtle, which was larger (76 cm CCL), remained in Drini Bay for the duration of tracking. These results support the findings of other mark–recapture studies at Drini Bay, which have suggested that the foraging site is being used in a transient way by immature turtles.
4. All three turtles preferentially used the shallow waters (<30 m) in the south of Drini Bay. The study demonstrates a high degree of overlap between the habitat use of the three tracked turtles and that of adult turtles tracked from nesting sites, and although based on a small sample size, contributes to a growing knowledge base regarding the wider habitat use of the Mediterranean loggerhead population.

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Biodiversity conservation in human-modified landscapes of Mesoamerica: Past, present and future   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fabrice A.J. DeClerck  Robin Chazdon  Jeffrey C. Milder  Alejandra Martinez-Salinas 《Biological conservation》2010,143(10):2301-2313

Mesoamerica provides a unique context for biodiversity conservation in managed landscapes because of its geography, history of human intervention, and present conservation and development initiatives. The long and narrow form of the Mesoamerican landmass, and its division by a central mountain range, has served as both a bridge and a barrier. Conservation efforts in Mesoamerica are unique for the emphasis they place on regional connectivity through the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and on biodiversity conservation in managed landscapes. The emphasis on conservation in agricultural systems has fostered innovations in payment for ecosystem services, and provides novel insights on the functional role that biodiversity plays in the provisioning of ecosystem services. The increasing rate of economic development in the region and the advent of new payment for ecosystem service schemes have provided new opportunities for forest regeneration and restoration. However, the small scale of private landholdings and the diversity of land uses featured in the region, while contributing to biodiversity conservation due to their structural and floristic complexity, present challenges for biodiversity monitoring and management.  相似文献   

Comparison of core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes for antemortem diagnosis of enzootic bovine lymphosarcoma in cattle     

Washburn KE  Streeter RN  Lehenbauer TW  Snider TA  Rezabek GB  Ritchey JW  Meinkoth JH  Allison RW  Rizzi TE  Boileau MJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(2):228-232

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether antemortem core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes could be used to distinguish between inflammation and lymphosarcoma in cattle. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 25 cattle with enlarged peripheral lymph nodes. PROCEDURES: Antemortem biopsies of the selected lymph nodes were performed with an 18-gauge, 12-cm core needle biopsy instrument. Fine-needle aspirates were performed with a 20-gauge, 4-cm needle. Specimens were analyzed by pathologists who were unaware of clinical findings and final necropsy findings, and specimens were categorized as reactive, neoplastic, or nondiagnostic for comparison with necropsy results. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of core needle biopsy ranged from 38% to 67% and from 80% to 25%, respectively. Sensitivity of fine-needle aspiration ranged from 41% to 53%, and specificity was 100%. Predictive values for positive test results ranged from 77% to 89% for core needle biopsy and were 100% for fine-needle aspiration. Predictive values for negative test results were low for both core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration can aid in the antemortem diagnosis of bovine enzootic lymphosarcoma. Results of fine-needle aspiration of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes were more specific and more predictive for a positive test result than were results of core needle biopsy.  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci for phytate in rice grain and their relationship with grain micronutrient content   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

James C. R. Stangoulis  Bao-Lam Huynh  Ross M. Welch  Eun-Young Choi  Robin D. Graham 《Euphytica》2007,154(3):289-294

Phytate (inositol-hexa-phosphate) has an important role in plants but it also may have anti-nutritional properties in animals and humans. While there is debate within the plant breeding and nutrition communities regarding an optimum level in grain, there appears to be little information at the molecular level for the genetics of this trait, and its association with important trace elements, in particular, Fe and Zn. In this preliminary study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain phytates, Zn and Fe in glasshouse-grown rice lines from an IR64 × Azucena doubled haploid population were identified. Correlations between phytate and essential nutrients were also studied. Transgressive segregation was found for most traits. Phytate and total P concentrations had one QTL in common located on chromosome five with the (high concentration) allele contributed from Azucena. There were significant positive correlations between phytate and inorganic phosphorus (P), total P, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations for both grain concentration and content. However, the QTLs of phytate were not located on the same chromosomal regions as those found for Fe, Zn and Mn, suggesting that they were genetically different and thus using molecular markers in breeding and selection would modify the phytate level without affecting grain micronutrient density.  相似文献   

Inheritance of resistance to angular leaf spot in common bean and validation of the utility of resistance linked markers for marker assisted selection out side the mapping population     

Annet Namayanja  Robin Buruchara  George Mahuku  Patrick Rubaihayo  Paul Kimani  Stephen Mayanja  Hellen Eyedu 《Euphytica》2006,151(3):361-369

Inheritance of resistance to angular leaf spot (ALS) disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr was investigated in two common bean cultivars, Mexico 54 and BAT 332. Both Andean and Mesoamerican backgrounds were used to determine the stability of the resistance gene in each of the two cultivars. Resistance to P. griseola was phenotypically evaluated by artificial inoculation with one of the most widely distributed pathotypes, 63–39. Evaluation of the parental genotypes, F₁, F₂ and backcross populations revealed that the resistance to angular leaf spot in the cultivars Mexico 54 and BAT 332 to pathotype 63–39 is controlled by a single dominant gene, when both the Andean and Mesoamerican backgrounds were used. Allelism test showed that ALS resistance in Mexico 54 and BAT 332 to pathotype 63–39 was conditioned by the same resistance locus. Resistant and susceptible segregating populations generated using Mexico 54 resistant parent were selected for DNA extraction and amplification to check for the presence /absence of the SCAR OPN02 and RAPD OPE04 markers linked to the Phg-2 resistance gene. The results indicated that the SCAR OPN02 was not polymorphic in the study populations and therefore of limited application in selecting resistant genotypes in such populations. On the other hand, the RAPD OPE04 marker was observed in all resistant individuals and was absent in those scored susceptible based on virulence data. Use of the RAPD OPE04 marker in marker-assisted selection is underway.  相似文献   

Effects of substrate sterilization,fungicide treatment,and mycorrhization helper bacteria on ectomycorrhizal formation of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) inoculated with Laccaria laccata in two peat bare-root nurseries     

Jean Garbaye  Jean-Louis Churin  Robin Duponnois 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,13(1):55-57

Summary Pedunculate oak seedlings (Quercus robur) inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria lacata were grown for 1 year on fertilized sphagnum peat in two nurseries. Three factors affecting microbial populations in the substrate were studied, fungicide treatment of the seeds, peat disinfection before sowing (methyl bromide or steam pasteurization), and inoculation with mycorrhization helper bacteria. Treatment of acorns with Iprodione had no depressive effect on mycorrhiza formation. Both disinfection techniques were equivalent, stimulating or depressing mycorrhiza formation depending on the initial microflora in the peat. The introduction of two previously selected mycorrhization helper bacteria (one Pseudomonas fluorescens and one unidentified fluorescent pseudomonad), isolated from L. laccata sporocarps associated with Douglas fir—L. laccata ectomycorrhizas in other nurseries, significantly increased the mycorrhizal rate from 30 to 53% of the short roots. The implications of these results for the controlled mycorrhization of planting stocks and the specificity of mycorrhization helper bacteria are discussed.  相似文献   

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to climate change in a wild bird population     

Charmantier A  McCleery RH  Cole LR  Perrins C  Kruuk LE  Sheldon BC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5877):800-803

Rapid climate change has been implicated as a cause of evolution in poorly adapted populations. However, phenotypic plasticity provides the potential for organisms to respond rapidly and effectively to environmental change. Using a 47-year population study of the great tit (Parus major) in the United Kingdom, we show that individual adjustment of behavior in response to the environment has enabled the population to track a rapidly changing environment very closely. Individuals were markedly invariant in their response to environmental variation, suggesting that the current response may be fixed in this population. Phenotypic plasticity can thus play a central role in tracking environmental change; understanding the limits of plasticity is an important goal for future research.  相似文献   

Implantation of exogenous enzymatic activity in isolated alveolar macrophages     

J Theodore  J C Acevedo  E D Robin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,178(67):1302-1304

Alveolar macrophages acquired the capacity to oxidize uric acid after exposure to uricase. Presumably this resulted from intracellular incorporation of the enzyme by endocytosis. This approach may provide a general method for (i) testing regulatory biochemical mechanisms, (ii) therapeutic replacement of deficient regulatory macromolecules, and (iii) studying environmental factors that produce genetic alterations.  相似文献   

Prevention of vaginal SHIV transmission in rhesus macaques through inhibition of CCR5   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lederman MM  Veazey RS  Offord R  Mosier DE  Dufour J  Mefford M  Piatak M  Lifson JD  Salkowitz JR  Rodriguez B  Blauvelt A  Hartley O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5695):485-487

Topical agents, such as microbicides, that can protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are urgently needed. Using a chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV SF162), which is tropic for the chemokine receptor CCR5, we report that topical application of high doses of PSC-RANTES, an amino terminus-modified analog of the chemokine RANTES, provided potent protection against vaginal challenge in rhesus macaques. These experimental findings have potentially important implications for understanding vaginal transmission of HIV and the design of strategies for its prevention.  相似文献   

Arterial constrictor response in a diving mammal     

K M Bron  H V Murdaugh  J E Millen  R Lenthall  P Raskin  E D Robin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,152(721):540-543

Angiograms were obtained in the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, in air and during diving. During diving there is arterial constriction of the vascular beds of muscle, skin, kidney, liver, spleen, and presumably of all vascular beds except those perfusing the brain and heart. There is sudden constriction and narrowing of muscular arteries close to their origin from the aorta. Constriction of small arterial branches is so intense that blood flow is essentially lost in all involved organs.  相似文献