Enzyme immunoassay for detection of Salmonella in foods: collaborative study   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R S Flowers  K Eckner  D A Gabis  B J Robison  J A Mattingly  J H Silliker 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1986,69(5):786-798

A collaborative study was performed in 25 laboratories to validate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedure utilizing 2 specific monoclonal antibodies for rapid detection of Salmonella in foods. The EIA was compared with the standard culture procedure for detection of Salmonella in 6 food types: ground black pepper, soy isolate, dried whole eggs, milk chocolate, nonfat dry milk, and raw deboned turkey. Uninoculated and inoculated samples were included in each food group analyzed, with the exception of poultry which was naturally contaminated. There was no significant difference in the productivity of the EIA and culture procedures at the 5% level for any of the 6 foods. The enzyme immunoassay screening method has been adopted official first action.  相似文献   

Stage of gestation when uterine capacity limits embryo survival in gilts   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F R Fenton  F L Schwartz  F W Bazer  O W Robison  L C Ulberg 《Journal of animal science》1972,35(2):383-388

  相似文献   

Realized heritability estimates in boars divergently selected for testosterone levels(1,) (2)     

Robison OW  Lubritz D  Johnson B 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》1994,111(1-6):35-42

SUMMARY: Data were collected from 1982 through 1992 from 100 sires and 891 Duroc boars. Testosterone production was measured from peripheral blood samples before (PRE) and after (POST) GnRH challenge. Additionally, data were collected on testes volume at 168 d (TVOL), days to 104 kg (DAYS104), number born alive (NBA) and backfat adjusted to 104 kg body weight (FAT). Realized heritabilities were estimated from the regression of response on cumulative selection differentials. Heritabilities for POST were .15 ± .18 and .24 ± .08 in the low and high lines, respectively. This compares with the estimate of .26 ± .21 from son-sire regressions. The regression of other traits on cumulative selection differentials can be viewed as realized correlated responses to selection. After 10 generations, the high line was approximately three times greater than the low line for both PRE and POST levels of testosterone. Although not significant, high line pigs required fewer days to reach 104 kg, had more backfat and larger testes than low line pigs. Litter size was significantly larger for high line than for low line. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Realisierte Heritabilit?tssch?tzungen von Divergenz für Testosteronspiegel selektierten Ebern Die Daten stammen aus dem Zeitraum 1982-1992 von 891 Duroc Ebern aus 100 Vatertieren. Testosteronproduktion wurde von peripheren Blutproben vor (PRE) und nach (POST) GnRH-Gaben gemessen. Zus?tzlich wurden Angaben über Hodenvolumen am Tag 168 (TVOL), Zeitraum bis 104 kg Lebendgewicht (DAYS104), Zahl lebend geborener (NBA) und auf 104 kg K?rpergewicht korrigierte Rückenspeckdicke (FAT) erhoben. Realisierte Heritabilit?tswerte wurden aus der Regression von Selektionserfolg auf kumulative Selektionsdifferenzen gesch?tzt. Heritabilit?t für POST waren 0,15 ± 0,18 und 0,24 ± 0,08 in der Minus- und in der Pluslinie. Aus Sohn-Vater-Regressionen ergab sich 0,26 ± 0,21. Die Regression anderer Eigenschaften auf kumulative Selektionsdifferenzen k?nnen als realisierte korrelierte Selektionserfolge betrachtet werden. Nach 10 Generationen hatte die Pluslinie etwa dreimal h?here PRE- und POST-Spiegel von Testosteron als die Minuslinie. Obwohl nicht signifikant, brauchten Schweine der Pluslinie weniger Tage bis 104 kg, waren fetter und hatten gr??ere Hoden als Schweine der Minuslinie. Die Wurfgr??e der Pluslinie war h?her als in der niedrigen Linie.  相似文献   

Resin flow responses to fertilization, wounding and fungal inoculation in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in North Carolina     

Knebel L  Robison DJ  Wentworth TR  Klepzig KD 《Tree physiology》2008,28(6):847-853

Resin flow is the primary means of natural defense against southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), the most important insect pest of Pinus spp. in the southern United States. As a result, factors affecting resin flow are of interest to researchers and forest managers. We examined the influence of fertilization, artificial wounding and fungal inoculation on resin flow in 6- and 12-year-old stands of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and determined the extent of that influence within and above the wounded stem area and through time. Fertilization increased constitutive resin flow, but only the younger trees sustained increased resin flow after wounding and inoculation treatments. An induced resin flow response occurred between 1 and 30 days after wounding and inoculation treatments. Wounding with inoculation resulted in greater resin flow than wounding alone, but increasing amounts of inoculum did not increase resin flow. Increased resin flow (relative to controls) lasted for at least 90 days after wounding and inoculation. This increase appeared to be limited to the area of treatment, at least in younger trees. The long-lasting effects of fungal inoculation on resin flow, as well as the response to fertilization, suggest that acquired resistance through induced resin flow aids in decreasing susceptibility of loblolly pine to southern pine beetle.  相似文献   

Characterization of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332).   总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35  

D A Benfield  E Nelson  J E Collins  L Harris  S M Goyal  D Robison  W T Christianson  R B Morrison  D Gorcyca  D Chladek 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1992,4(2):127-133

The characterization of an isolate of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus (ATCC VR-2332) is reported. A commercial cell line (CL2621) was used for the propagation of the virus for all assays. Laboratory studies indicate that this isolate is a fastidious, nonhemagglutinating, enveloped RNA virus. Cesium chloride-purified virions visualized by electron microscopy were spherical particles with an average diameter of 62 nm (range: 48-83 nm) and a 25-30 nm core surrounded by an envelope. Virus replication was restricted to the cytoplasm, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence. The virus did not react serologically with antisera to several common porcine viruses or with antisera to known viruses in the alphavirus, rubivirus, pestivirus, and ungrouped lactic dehydrogenase virus genera of the Togaviridae. However, convalescent sow sera and rabbit hyperimmune sera neutralized the SIRS virus at titers of 1:256 and 1:512, respectively. The virus was stable at 4 and -70 C, but was labile at 37 and 56 C. The properties of this isolate of SIRS virus resemble those of the family Togaviridae but do not match the described genera.  相似文献   

Cytoplasmic genetic effects on preweaning growth and milk yield in Hereford cattle     

M W Tess  C Reodecha  O W Robison 《Journal of animal science》1987,65(3):675-684

Performance records on Hereford cattle raised in two herds were used to evaluate cytoplasmic genetic effects on preweaning growth and milk production. Animals were traced through maternal lineage to foundation females to form cytoplasmic lines. Growth records were available on 1,189 calves at Raleigh and 1,599 at Plymouth representing 27 and 15 cytoplasmic lines, respectively. Milk records were available on 418 cows at Raleigh and 522 cows at Plymouth, representing 20 and 13 cytoplasmic lines. After adjustment for sire, cytoplasmic effects were significant for birth weight (BWT), average daily gain (ADG) and 205-d weight (WT205) in both herds. Cytoplasm accounted for 2, 5 and 5% of the variance for BWT, ADG and WT205 at Raleigh; and 1, 2 and 2% of the variance at Plymouth. After addition of maternal grandsire to the model, cytoplasm was still significant; however, variances were reduced at Plymouth. Cytoplasmic effects for milk yield were important at Raleigh (P less than .01) but marginal at Plymouth (P = .10). Variance components for cytoplasm accounted for 4 and 1% of the variance for milk yield at Raleigh and Plymouth, respectively. Ranges for least-squares constants for cytoplasmic lines corresponded to one of two standard deviations. Correlations among least-squares constants for ADG, WT205 and milk yield were high, suggesting that cytoplasmic effects were mediated through milk production. More research is needed to confirm these results before cytoplasmic inheritance is considered in breeding programs for beef cattle.  相似文献   

Seasonal availability of inoculum for constriction canker of peach in new jersey     

Lalancette N  Robison DM 《Phytopathology》2001,91(11):1109-1115

ABSTRACT The seasonal sporulation ability of Phomopsis amygdali was evaluated over a 2-year period by sampling twig cankers from commercial 'Encore' and 'Jerseyglo' peach orchards. Canker size, pycnidia per canker, percent pycnidia forming cirri, and spore production were evaluated once each month from January 1997 through December 1998. Average canker size and number of pycnidia per canker, which followed a sinusoidal pattern of change, were at lowest values in spring and at maximum values in fall. In 1997, the ability of pycnidia to sporulate (produce cirri) increased significantly from a minimum during winter to a maximum during summer. In contrast, pycnidia sporulation in 1998 increased slowly throughout the year with a maximum in the fall. Inoculum potential, measured as number of spores per canker, peaked between June and August and was lowest in winter. Although pycnidia numbers in 1997 were about 50% of that observed in 1998, approximately twice as many conidia per canker were produced in 1997; consequently, the number of conidia produced per canker was equivalent in both years. These results indicated that P. amygdali acts as an r strategist by maintaining abundant pycnidia and sporulation capability throughout much of the year. Therefore, infection is most likely not limited by the availability of inoculum.  相似文献   

Identification of sources of Salmonella organisms in a veterinary teaching hospital and evaluation of the effects of disinfectants on detection of Salmonella organisms on surface materials     

Ewart SL  Schott HC  Robison RL  Dwyer RM  Eberhart SW  Walker RD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,218(7):1145-1151

OBJECTIVE: To determine sources of Salmonella organisms in a veterinary teaching hospital, compare bacterial culture with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for detection of Salmonella organisms in environmental samples, and evaluate the effects of various disinfectants on detection of Salmonella organisms on surface materials. DESIGN: Prospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Fecal samples from 638 hospitalized horses and 783 environmental samples. PROCEDURE: Standard bacterial culture techniques were used; the PCR test amplified a segment of the Salmonella DNA. Five disinfectants were mixed with Salmonella suspensions, and bacterial culture was performed. Swab samples were collected from 7 surface materials after inoculation of the surfaces with Salmonella Typhimurium, with or without addition of a disinfectant, and submitted for bacterial culture and PCR testing. RESULTS: Salmonella organisms were detected in fecal samples from 35 (5.5%) horses. For environmental samples, the proportion of positive bacterial culture results (1/783) was significantly less than the proportion of positive PCR test results (110/783), probably because of detection of nonviable DNA by the PCR test. Detection of Salmonella organisms varied with the surface material tested, the method of detection (bacterial culture vs PCR testing), and the presence and type of disinfectant. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the present study suggested that Salmonella organisms can be isolated from feces of hospitalized horses and a variety of environmental surfaces in a large animal hospital. Although recovery of Salmonella organisms was affected by surface material and disinfectant, bleach was the most effective disinfectant on the largest number of surfaces tested.  相似文献   

Rapid monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Listeria in food products   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

J A Mattingly  B T Butman  M C Plank  R J Durham  B J Robison 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1988,71(3):679-681

A rapid diagnostic test for the detection of Listeria in food products has been created. This test, known as Listeria-Tek, uses 2 monoclonal antibodies specific for Listeria in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format. The test requires only 40 h of broth enrichment with no culturing on solid media. It is extremely simple to perform and easy to interpret, and is at least as sensitive and accurate as the best of the culture methods. The test can be used with dairy products, meat products, and environmental samples. The ELISA test is safely performed on the open bench of the laboratory because no live cultures, no radioactivity, no phage, etc., are necessary. There is no need for special licenses or reserved laboratory space, and no waste disposal problems are encountered. If necessary, one technician could easily perform hundreds of assays per day. A printed data sheet is available for permanent records.  相似文献