Salpingitis in Pekin ducks associated with concurrent infection with Tetratrichomonas sp. and Escherichia coli.     

R Crespo  R L Walker  R Nordhausen  S J Sawyer  R B Manalac 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2001,13(3):240-245

Increased mortality (1.5% per week) and low egg production (5-10% lower than normal) were observed in a flock of domestic breeding Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). At necropsy, salpingitis and peritonitis were the most significant findings. Histologically, there was accumulation of necrotic debris in the lumen of the oviduct. Numerous bacteria and trichomonads were observed histologically in the lumen of the vagina and occasionally in the shell gland. Escherichia coli and a trichomonad were isolated from the oviduct. The trichomonads were oval (6-8 microm long, 4.5-6 microm wide) and had 4 anterior flagella and an undulating membrane extending over the entire length of the body, finishing in a long posterior flagellum. Morphology was consistent with trichomonads of the genus Tetratrichomonas. Comparative sequence analysis of the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and the flanking internal transcribed space regions of the trichomonad isolate did not closely match with available sequences of the same region of other trichomonadid protozoa.  相似文献   

The occurrence of Salmonella,extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase producing Escherichia coli and carbapenem resistant non‐fermenting Gram‐negative bacteria in a backyard poultry flock environment     

Devendra H. Shah  Melissa M. Board  Rocio Crespo  Jean Guard  Narayan C. Paul  Cynthia Faux 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(6):742-753

Increase in the number of small‐scale backyard poultry flocks in the USA has substantially increased human‐to‐live poultry contact, leading to increased public health risks of the transmission of multi‐drug resistant (MDR) zoonotic and food‐borne bacteria. The objective of this study was to detect the occurrence of Salmonella and MDR Gram‐negative bacteria (GNB) in the backyard poultry flock environment. A total of 34 backyard poultry flocks in Washington State (WA) were sampled. From each flock, one composite coop sample and three drag swabs from nest floor, waterer‐feeder, and a random site with visible faecal smearing, respectively, were collected. The samples were processed for isolation of Salmonella and other fermenting and non‐fermenting GNB under ceftiofur selection. Each isolate was identified to species level using MALDI‐TOFF and tested for resistance against 16 antibiotics belonging to eight antibiotic classes. Salmonella serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:‐ was isolated from one (3%) out of 34 flocks. Additionally, a total of 133 ceftiofur resistant (Cef^R) GNB including Escherichia coli (53), Acinetobacter spp. (45), Pseudomonas spp. (22), Achromobacter spp. (8), Bordetella trematum (1), Hafnia alvei (1), Ochrobactrum intermedium (1), Raoultella ornithinolytica (1), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1) were isolated. Of these, 110 (82%) isolates displayed MDR. Each flock was found positive for the presence of one or more Cef^R GNB. Several MDR E. coli (n = 15) were identified as extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL) positive. Carbapenem resistance was detected in non‐fermenting GNB including Acinetobacter spp. (n = 20), Pseudomonas spp. (n = 11) and Stenotrophomonas maltophila (n = 1). ESBL positive E. coli and carbapenem resistant non‐fermenting GNB are widespread in the backyard poultry flock environment in WA State. These GNB are known to cause opportunistic infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Better understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of these GNB in the backyard poultry flock settings is needed to identify potential risks of transmission to people in proximity.  相似文献   

On the importance of non-linear relationships between landscape patterns and the sustainable provision of ecosystem services     

Adrienne Grêt-Regamey  Sven-Erik Rabe  Ricardo Crespo  Sven Lautenbach  Andrea Ryffel  Barbara Schlup 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(2):201-212

Marginal land use changes can abruptly result in non-marginal and irreversible changes in ecosystem functioning and the economic values that the ecosystem generates. This challenges the traditional ecosystem services (ESS) mapping approach, which has often made the assumption that ESS can be mapped uniquely to land use and land cover data. Using a functional fragmentation measure, we show how landscape pattern changes might lead to changes in the delivery of ESS. We map changes in ESS of dry calcareous grasslands under different land use change scenarios in a case study region in Switzerland. We selected three ESS known to be related to species diversity including carbon sequestration and pollination as regulating values and recreational experience as cultural value, and compared them to the value of two production services including food and timber production. Results show that the current unceasing fragmentation is particularly critical for the value of ESS provided by species-rich habitats. The article concludes that assessing landscape patterns is key for maintaining valuable ESS in the face of human use and fluctuating environment.  相似文献   

Recombinant small ruminant lentivirus subtype B1 in goats and sheep of imported breeds in Mexico     

Ramírez H  Glaria I  de Andrés X  Martínez HA  Hernández MM  Reina R  Iráizoz E  Crespo H  Berriatua E  Vázquez J  Amorena B  de Andrés D 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,190(1):169-172

Nucleotide sequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) were determined in sheep and goats, including progeny of imported animals, on a farm in Mexico. On the basis of gag-pol, pol, env and LTR sequences, SRLVs were assigned to the B1 subgroup, which comprises caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV)-like prototype sequences mainly from goats. In comparison with CAEV-like env sequences of American and French origin, two putative recombination events were identified within the V3-V4 and V4-V5 regions of the env gene of a full length SRLV sequence (FESC-752) derived from a goat on the farm.  相似文献   

Kinetics of Mercury Accumulation and Its Effects on Ulva lactuca Growth Rate at Two Salinities and Exposure Conditions     

S??nia Costa  Daniel Crespo  Bruno M. G. Henriques  Eduarda Pereira  Armando C. Duarte  Miguel A. Pardal 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,217(1-4):689-699

The research on metals effect on macroalgae has been focused on Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, and no study dealt with the effects of mercury on macroalgae growth rate. Also, the kinetic of accumulation is not well known. The main aim of this work was to assess the mercury accumulation kinetics of Ulva lactuca and its effects on growth rate. Three concentrations were tested: 5, 50 and 500???g?L^?1, under static and renewal conditions and at two salinities (15 and 35), during 72?h. The mercury accumulation kinetic patterns were different according to the exposure conditions and metal concentration, but were always a very fast process (hours). Three patterns were established based on the models substrate inhibition, linear regression and Michaelis?CMenten equation. Statistical differences in the mercury accumulated were recorded depending on the salinity values and exposure conditions, being higher at salinity 15 and at renewal tests, corresponding to the lower relative growth rates. The lowest mercury concentration did not have an effect on relative growth rate, while the others caused an accentuated inhibition at 24?h. The highest concentration was toxic to algae causing its death before 48?h. Under controlled conditions, the U. lactuca??s high and fast ability for mercury accumulation could be useful for phytoremediation and for industrial wastewaters treatment.  相似文献   

STUDY OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IODINE AND MINERAL NUTRIENTS IN LETTUCE PLANTS     

Begoa Blasco  Juan J. Ríos  Eva Sánchez-Rodríguez  Maria M. Rubio-Wilhelmi  Rocio Leyva  Luis Romero 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(13):1958-1969

Iodine is vital to human health, and iodine bio-fortification programs help improve the human intake through plant consumption. Essential processes in plants that can be altered by iodine bio-fortification include the nutritional state of plants. The main objective of this work was to determine whether mineral nutrient concentrations were affected by the application of different forms (iodide [I^?] vs. iodate [IO₃ ^?]) and dosages (0, 20, 40, and 80 μM) of iodine, to ascertain the influence of this trace element in Lactuca sativa var. longifolia plants. The application of 80 μM of I^? significantly reduced the nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) to below the optimal ranges established for this crop. The IO₃ ^? treatments represented optimal maintenance of the nutritional state for most of the nutrients and even an improvement of nutrients as important as magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe).  相似文献   

NUTRITIONAL BALANCE CHANGES IN LETTUCE PLANT GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT DOSES AND FORMS OF SELENIUM     

Juan Jose Rios  Begoña Blasco  Rocio Leyva  Eva Sanchez-Rodriguez  M. M. Rubio-Wilhelmi  Luis Romero 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1344-1354

The mineral composition and maintenance of mineral balance are important to growth and development of plants. The selenium (Se) has not been described as an essential element for plants, although there are studies that have demonstrated to interaction between Se with other mineral nutrients. The aim was to evaluate the influence that Se application at different rates and forms exerts on the nutritional state in lettuce plants. The plants were grown under different treatments: 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120 μmol L^?1 as sodium selenate [Na₂SeO₄ or Na₂SeO₃]. All the plants growth under controlled conditions. The results showed changes in some of the essential nutrients inside of plants such as nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca). The effect of Se depended largely on the Se from was applied to the culture medium. Thus, the selenite application had a stronger effect on the nutritional state of the plant.  相似文献   

Colloidal Centrifugation of Stallion Semen Results in a Reduced Rate of Sperm DNA Fragmentation     

F Crespo  L Gutiérrez‐Cepeda  J Gosalvez  C Serres  SD Johnston 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(2):e23-e25

Stallion spermatozoa recovered and examined immediately after colloidal centrifugation resulted in a higher straight‐line velocity (VSL) than sperm processed using direct conventional centrifugation (p = 0.000), but there was no differences in the progressive motility or sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) as determined by the sperm chromatin dispersion assay. However, when centrifuged spermatozoa were incubated at 37°C for 24 h to determine the rate of SDF (r‐SDF), a lower r‐SDF (p = 0.0011) was observed in those sperm recovered after colloidal separation (0.5 ± 0.1%/h) compared to direct (1.2 ± 0.4%/h) or no centrifugation (r‐SDF = 1.2 ± 0.3%/h). These results confirm that colloidal separation of stallion spermatozoa results in prolonged sperm DNA longevity, but these differences were only apparent following a period of incubation and dynamic assessment. Consequently, we strongly recommend the use of the dynamic form of the SDF assay for evaluating centrifugation and/or other ex vivo procedures, as a single basal assessment of SDF may inadvertently result in a false‐positive evaluation of DNA quality.  相似文献   

THORACIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY,ANGIOGRAPHIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY,AND PATHOLOGY FINDINGS IN SIX CATS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH AELUROSTRONGYLUS ABSTRUSUS     

Matthias Dennler  Danielle A. Bass  Beatriz Gutierrez‐Crespo  Manuela Schnyder  Franco Guscetti  Angela Di Cesare  Peter Deplazes  Patrick R. Kircher  Tony M. Glaus 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2013,54(5):459-469

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infection is common in endemic areas and may cause severe respiratory clinical signs. Computed tomography (CT) is an important tool to diagnose pulmonary disease, because it allows detection of small lesions and discrimination of superimposed structures. The purpose of this study was to characterize by CT and angiographic CT the pulmonary lesions in six cats before, and 48 and 81 days after inoculation with 100 or 800 A. abstrusus infective larvae. Histological examination of the accessory lung lobe was performed to determine the microscopic, pathomorphologic correlate of the CT findings. The predominant CT lesion consisted of multiple nodules of varying size distributed throughout the lungs, severity depending on infectious dose. The histological correlate of the nodular lesions was multifocal dense granulomatous to mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates, including eosinophils distributed in the parenchyma and obliterating the alveoli. Marked, multifocal, dose‐dependent thickening of the bronchi and adjacent interstitial changes blurred the margins of the outer serosal surface of the bronchi and vessels. Histologically, this was due to peribronchial mixed cell inflammation. During the course of infection some of the nodular and peribronchial changes were replaced by areas of ground‐glass opacity. In addition to providing detailed depiction of pulmonary lesions resulting from an infectious cause and clearly defining lesions with respect to time and severity of infection, CT allowed quantitative assessment of bronchial thickness and lymph node size during the course of disease. Findings indicated that CT characteristics of this disease are consistent with pathologic findings.  相似文献   

Multiobjective optimization subject to uncertainty: Application to irrigation strategy management     

O. Crespo  J.E. Bergez 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2010,74(1):145-154

In agricultural systems, multiple objectives and uncertainty are often part of the game when optimization is at stake. Multiobjective dominance rules cannot be simply applied due to this uncertain behavior. We propose some extensions of the well-known Pareto rules to enable the discrimination of multicriteria dominating groups of outcomes. These groups are either the various uncertain outcomes of a decision, or more generally a set of outcomes associated to different decisions and/or different random occurrences. Based on the Pareto dominance rules, we propose definitive, acceptable and undecidable dominance comparisons with regard to two candidate groups. The comparisons of all candidate groups allow to rank them from a multicriteria evaluation perspective. This ranking process is used as the evaluation step of a hierarchical decomposition procedure where the best ranked region is selected as the one to be investigated further. We apply these multicriteria extensions to look for optimal irrigation strategies. The yield, the total amount of water and the number of irrigation rounds are simulated to get economical, environmental and social perspectives simultaneously. Although the computation requires a high amount of simulation runs, the algorithm succeeds in reproducing the front of the non-dominated evaluations. The major interest resides in the width of the front achieved. This new information gives direct indication to the decision maker about the reliability of the outcomes with regard to the weather uncertainty, as well as the sensitivity of the outcomes with regards to the strategies application.  相似文献