Inter-observer reliability testing of pig welfare outcome measures proposed for inclusion within farm assurance schemes     

Mullan S  Edwards SA  Butterworth A  Whay HR  Main DC 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,190(2):e100-e109

Consistency of assessment is essential to the farm assurance process. This study evaluated the inter-observer reliability of 31 farm assurance assessors, six veterinarians and four researchers for five pig welfare outcome measures proposed for inclusion into the UK pig farm assurance schemes. These were (1) tail lesions, (2) body lesions, (3) lameness, (4) pigs requiring hospitalisation and (5) oral behaviour. The following inter-observer reliability testing methods against a gold standard Trainer were used: a comparison of farm prevalence and the numbers of affected pigs in each pen identified by observers, Cohen's kappa (κ), Kendall's W, proportional agreement, sensitivity, and specificity. All measures achieved potentially high levels of inter-observer reliability and it was concluded that none should be excluded from farm assurance at this stage. However, across all the measures, 45% of observers did not record an overall farm prevalence 'close' to that of the gold standard Trainer. With the level of training and testing that took place in this study there would be a danger of significant bias occurring in a national assessment scheme. The data collected enabled some comparison of the methods used to assess inter-observer reliability. It is suggested that when the aim is to achieve agreement between observers on the overall farm prevalence the inter-observer reliability testing should focus on the closeness of the overall farm prevalence recorded by observers, but that other types of analysis may be helpful during training.  相似文献   

Impacts of climate change on wheat anthesis and fusarium ear blight in the UK     

James W. Madgwick  Jon S. West  Rodger P. White  Mikhail A. Semenov  James A. Townsend  Judith A. Turner  Bruce D. L. Fitt 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(1):117-131

Climate change will affect both growth of agricultural crops and diseases that attack them but there has been little work to study how its impacts on crop growth influence impacts on disease epidemics. This paper investigates how impacts of climate change on wheat anthesis date will influence impacts on fusarium ear blight in UK mainland arable areas. A wheat growth model was used for projections of anthesis dates, and a weather-based model was developed for use in projections of incidence of fusarium ear blight in the UK. Daily weather data, generated for 14 sites in arable areas of the UK for a baseline (1960–1990) scenario and for high and low CO₂ emissions in the 2020s and 2050s, were used to project wheat anthesis dates and fusarium ear blight incidence for each site for each climate change scenario. Incidence of fusarium ear blight was related to rainfall during anthesis and temperature during the preceding 6 weeks. It was projected that, with climate change, wheat anthesis dates will be earlier and fusarium ear blight epidemics will be more severe, especially in southern England, by the 2050s. These projections, made by combining crop and disease models for different climate change scenarios, suggest that improved control of fusarium ear blight should be a high priority in industry and government strategies for adaptation to climate change to ensure food security.  相似文献   

The disease cycle in relation to multigenic resistance of potato to late blight     

C. E. Main  M. E. Gallegly 《American Journal of Potato Research》1964,41(12):387-400

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中稻头季稻与再生稻的品质比较研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

刘国华  邓化冰  陈立云  肖应辉  唐文邦 《杂交水稻》2002,17(1):45-47

对20个中稻品种(或组合)头季稻与再生稻的碾米品质、外观品质、蒸煮品质及营养品质进行了分析.结果表明,除精米粒形(长宽比)头季稻与再生稻无多大变化外,糙米率、垩白粒率、垩白度头季稻均高于再生稻,而糊化温度的碱消值则低于再生稻;头季稻与再生稻的精米率、整精米率、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量及蛋白质含量品种(组合)间存在明显差异,但大多数品种(组合)再生稻的精米率、整精米率比头季稻高 ,而直链淀粉和蛋白质含量则比头季稻低;总体评价是再生稻的米质比头季稻好.  相似文献   

Summer survival and activity patterns of estuary feeding anadromous Salmo trutta     

Hannele M. Honkanen  Jessica Rodger  Alastair Stephen  Keith Adams  James Freeman  Colin E. Adams 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(1):31-39

There is generally a very poor understanding of how anadromous brown trout, Salmo trutta, use marine ecosystems. In this study, we use acoustic telemetry techniques to test four alternative hypotheses for estuarine coastal habitat use by this species on a population in the Clyde, west-central Scotland. Anadromous brown trout in their second (or more) summer feeding in the marine environment did not show patterns of estuarine use predicted from studies on other populations of this species. They did not (a) use the inner Clyde Estuary as a staging post for onward migration to open coastal waters, nor did they (b) pass through the estuary rapidly nor did they (c) make multiple incursions into freshwater. In contrast, fish utilised a very geographically constrained area of the inner estuary (<8 km in length), within which fish were highly mobile, exhibiting more activity during a flooding tide and exhibited high survivorship compared with reports from other studies. The reasons why estuarine use by anadromous brown trout in the Clyde may differ from that reported elsewhere is discussed.  相似文献   

Disease associated with immature paramphistome infection in sheep     

Mason C  Stevenson H  Cox A  Dick I  Rodger C 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(13):343-344

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IN-VIVO TESTING OF TECHNETIUM-99m-LABELED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC FOR DIROFILARIA IMMITIS     

Gregory B.  DanielDVM  MS  Rodger V.  Allhands  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1989,30(2):74-79

Monoclonal antibodies specific for Dirofilaria immitis were labeled with technetium-99m (^99mTc) and tested in vivo in five heartworm positive and five heartworm negative dogs. Diethlyenetriaminepentaactic acid (DTPA) was used to label the ^99mTc to the antibody. Radiochemical purity of the ^99mTc-labeled antibodies (^99mTc-MoAb) was determined by gel filtration and by instant thin-layer chromatography. The uptake percentages in the blood, heart, lung, liver, and kidneys were determined from tissues obtained at necropsy and by computer analysis of images obtained at two and 24 hours. The percent uptake in the heart region of interest (ROI) at two hours was significantly higher in the heartworm-positive dogs. There was significant correlation between the uptake in the heart at two hours to the number and activity of the worms at necropsy.  相似文献   

Parainfluenza 3 vaccination of sheep     

J L Rodger 《The Veterinary record》1989,125(18):453-456

Outbreaks of pneumonia associated with Pasteurella haemolytica have occurred in sheep in the area of Perthshire served by this practice, and on some farms the disease has been an important annual cause of loss. Serological evidence was obtained that parainfluenza 3 (PI3) virus might be implicated as a predisposing factor to pasteurellosis. A live attenuated PI3 virus vaccine licensed for use in cattle was given intranasally to ewes on one farm. Many sheep seroconverted and outbreaks of pneumonia were negligible around the subsequent lambing time. The protection of the flock appeared to last for one season only. Subsequently ewes and lambs on other farms were vaccinated and on these farms there were fewer deaths than expected due to pasteurellosis.  相似文献   

CAMBENDAZOLE TOXICITY IN CALVES     

D. C. Main  D. E. Vass† 《Australian veterinary journal》1980,56(5):237-238

The death of 3 of 8 dairy calves was associated with the administration of 98.5 mg/kg cambendazole. Significant lesions consisted of marked pleural effusion, severe pulmonary oedema and necrotic lymphadenopathy.  相似文献   

Surgical trauma and chronically painful conditions--within our comfort level but beyond theirs?     

Lascelles BD  Main DC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(2):215-222

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