Strategies for the treatment of dairy cows at high risk for postpartum metritis and for the treatment of clinical endometritis in Argentina     

Julian A. Bartolome  Pablo Khalloub  Rodolfo Luzbel de la Sota  Marc Drillich  Pedro G. Melendez 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(1):79-85

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of (1) administering ceftiofur hydrochloride in dairy cows with calving-related disorders to prevent metritis and (2) a combination of GnRH and PGF_2α for the treatment of clinical endometritis, under Argentinean dairy farming conditions. Cows at high risk (HRC) for metritis (dystocia, RFM >12 h postpartum, hypocalcaemia, twins, or stillbirth) were randomly assigned to receive either 1.1 mg/Kg of ceftiofur hydrochloride on three consecutive days (HRC treated group HRCT, n?=?110) or remained untreated (HRC control group HRCC, n?=?126). Cows with low risk (LRC, no calving-related disorders, n?=?868) did not receive any treatment (LRC group, n?=?868). All cows were examined for metritis between days 4 and 10 and for clinical endometritis between 24 and 30 days postpartum. The body condition score (BCS) was recorded at both examinations. Cows with endometritis at days 24 to 30 postpartum received either 1.5 mg of D-cloprostenol (PGF; n?=?129) or 100 μg of GnRH followed by D-cloprostenol after 7 days (GnRH+PGF, n?=?119). There was no overall effect of treatment on the incidence of metritis or on time to pregnancy. Treatment, however, reduced the incidence of metritis in cows with high BCS (HRCT?=?24.0 %, HRCC?=?38.5 %) but had no effect in cows with low BCS (HRCT?=?38.7 %, HRCC?=?37.5 %). The proportion of pregnant cows by days in milk was greater (P?<?0.01) in LRC group compared with that of the HRCT and HRCC groups. No significant differences were found between groups PG and PG+GNRH. GnRH+PGF treatment, however, tended (P?=?0.06) to increase pregnancy rate in cows with a moderate loss of BCS (76.5 vs 65.2 %) but tended to reduce pregnancy rate (54.5 vs 76.0 %) in cows with a more pronounced loss in BCS (>0.75 points).  相似文献   

Acknowledgements to referees     

Asko Mäki‐Tanila  Rodolfo Cantet  Ignacy Misztal  Miguel Pérez‐Enciso  Henner Simianer  Julius van der Werf 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2014,131(6):536-536

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Evaluation of 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6′-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) and 1,2-diglyceride lipase assays in dogs with naturally occurring hypercortisolism     

Guido Linari  Francesco Dondi  Sofia Segatore  Kateryna Vasylyeva  Nikolina Linta  Marco Pietra  Rodolfo O. Leal  Federico Fracassi 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(5):817

1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6′-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase activity has been proposed as a faster and less expensive test used in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) compared to canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI), which is considered the most sensitive and specific serum test available for dogs. Elevations in lipase activity have been observed in dogs with naturally occurring hypercortisolism (HC) and in those treated with exogenous steroids, which complicates the diagnosis of AP in dogs with HC. We compared lipase activity measured by DGGR and 1,2-diglyceride (1,2-DiG) assays in 22 dogs with HC, 22 with AP, and 22 healthy dogs. The dogs with HC had no clinical signs or ultrasonographic findings consistent with AP. DGGR lipase activity was elevated in 64% and 73% of the dogs with HC and AP, respectively, and in 18% of healthy dogs. 1,2-DiG lipase activity was high in 23% and 36% of the dogs with HC and AP, respectively, and in 5% of the healthy dogs. Both DGGR and 1,2-DiG lipase activities were significantly different between the healthy dogs and the other 2 groups, whereas no differences were detected between the dogs with HC and those with AP. Our results support a lack of specificity for both DGGR and 1,2-DiG lipase activity assays in aiding the diagnosis of AP in dogs with HC.  相似文献   

Characteristics of magnetic resonance images of granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis in 11 dogs     

Cherubini GB  Platt SR  Anderson TJ  Rusbridge C  Lorenzo V  Mantis P  Cappello R 《The Veterinary record》2006,159(4):110-115

The characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the brains and spinal cords of 11 dogs with histologically confirmed granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (gme) were determined. The lesions were in the brain of eight of the dogs, in the brain and spinal cord of two, and in the spinal cord alone in one dog. A single lesion was present in four of the dogs and multiple lesions were found in six. In one dog with intracranial signs, no visible lesions could be detected on mri. No meningeal enhancement was detected in T1-weighted images post-contrast, or in fluid attenuation inversion recovery (flair) images, but there were histological lesions in the meninges in nine of the dogs. The T2-weighted images and flair sequences were characterised in all cases by hyperintensity, whereas the signal intensity of the lesions on T1-weighted images was variable. After the administration of paramagnetic contrast, some of the lesions showed no enhancement, but others showed marked patterns of enhancement. The lesions in 10 of the dogs were easily identifiable by mri and the images had several unifying characteristics, but they could not be considered disease-specific.  相似文献   

Minimal Plant Responsiveness to Summer Water Pulses: Ecophysiological Constraints of Three Species of Semiarid Patagonia     

Rodolfo A. Golluscio  Valeria Sigal Escalada  Juliana Pérez 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2009,62(2):171-178

In arid ecosystems, a few large summer rains frequently differentiate wet years from dry ones. However, use of this additional water by plants has limited experimental evidence. We applied a 16-mm summer water pulse (12% of mean annual precipitation) to two plant communities of the Patagonian steppe, and compared responses of three dominant species, which can be ordered by decreasing xerophytism and increasing rooting depth and summer activity: 1) colapiche, evergreen dwarf shrub (Nassauvia glomerulosa [Lag.] Don); 2) coirón amargo, evergreen grass (Stipa speciosa Trin. et Rupr.); and 3) neneo, drought deciduous shrub (Mulinum spinosum [Cav.] Pers.). Shallow-rooted species (S. speciosa and N. glomerulosa), which use water from dry soil layers, showed a greater leaf water potential response to watering than deep-rooted species (M. spinosum). Leaf water potential response was greater and quicker in xerophytic species than in mesophytic ones (N. glomerulosa > S. speciosa > M. spinosum). However, this response only translated into leaf conductance and transpiration responses for coirón amargo, probably because the species with winter phenological cycle (N. glomerulosa) is less able to utilize summer water inputs than species with a summer phenological cycle (S. speciosa). The lack of response of deep-rooted M. spinosum in leaf conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis may have been due to the high leaf water potential of control plants. Instead, in S. speciosa and N. glomerulosa net photosynthesis decreased below zero following watering, suggesting the start of growth pulses. The complex chain of plant processes triggered by rainfall, and the constraints imposed to different species by rooting depth, phenology, and xerophytism, could explain the frequent low response to both large rainfall events and above-average rainfall years in this arid community. Our results suggest that, paradoxically, water may be suboptimally used at local scales in arid rangeland ecosystems.  相似文献   

Dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in an extreme alkaline saline soil: A review     

Luc Dendooven  Rocio J. Alcántara-Hernández  Cesar Valenzuela-Encinas  Marco Luna-Guido  F. Perez-Guevara  Rodolfo Marsch 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(6):865-877

The soil of the former lake Texcoco is an ‘extreme’ alkaline saline soil with pH > 10 and electrolytic conductivity (EC) > 150 dS m⁻¹. These conditions have created a unique environment. Application of wastewater sludge to Texcoco soil showed that large amounts of NH₄⁺ were immobilized, NO₃⁻ was reduced aerobically, NO₂⁻ was formed and the mineralization of the organic material in the sludge was inhibited. A series of experiments were initiated to study the processes that inhibited the decomposition of organic material and affected the dynamics of mineral N. The large EC and pH inhibited the decomposition of easily decomposable organic material such as glucose and maize, although cellulolytic activity was observed in soil with pH 9.8 and EC 32.7 dS m⁻¹. The high soil pH favoured NH₃ volatilization of approximately 50 mg N kg⁻¹ soil within a day and a similar amount could be fixed on the soil matrix due to the dispersed minerals and their volcanic origin. Soil microorganisms immobilized large amounts of NH₄⁺ within a day when glucose was added to soil in excess of what was required for metabolic activity. Removal of NO₃⁻ from soil amended with glucose was not inhibited by 100% O₂ and NH₄⁺ indicating that the contribution of denitrification and assimilatory reduction to the reduction of NO₃⁻ was minimal while the formation of NO₂⁻ was not inhibited by 0.1% acetylene, known to inhibit nitrification. Additionally, the reduction of NO₃⁻ in the glucose-amended alkaline saline Texcoco soil was followed by an increase in the amount of NH₄⁺, which could not be due to denitrification. It was concluded that the reduction of NO₃⁻ and the formation of NO₂⁻ and NH₄⁺ in the glucose-amended soil was a result of aerobic NO₃⁻ reduction. A phylogenetic analysis of the archaeal community in the soil of the former lake Texcoco showed that some of the clones identified were capable of reducing NO₃⁻ aerobically to NO₂⁻ when glucose was added. A study of the diversity of the bacterial dissimilatory and respiratory nitrate-reducing communities indicated that bacteria could have contributed to the process.  相似文献   

Androgen and oestrogen receptors in the growing antlers velvet of adult and yearling pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) males     

Alejandro Bielli  Aline Freitas-de-Melo  Patricia Genovese  Matías Villagrán  Celia Tasende  Rodolfo Ungerfeld 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(6):947-955

To determine the presence, quantity and distribution of androgen (AR) and oestrogen receptors (ER) in the antler velvet (AV), samples were collected from adult and yearling pampas deer males, as well as skin from the ventrolateral abdominal area (ASK). Samples were analysed with ligand-binding assays for AR and ER activity and processed for AR and ERβ immunohistochemistry. There was more content of AR in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.02), as well as a category and type of tissue interaction (p = 0.03). There was more ER content in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.005) and in the AV than in the skin (p = 0.0001). The AR-positive score (PS) was greater in AV than in ASK in the surface stroma (p = 0.0007). In the intermediate epidermis, the AR PS was greater in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.04) and in the ASK than in the AV (p < 0.0001). There was a male category and type of tissue interaction for AR PS in the sebaceous glands (p = 0.014). The ERβ PS in the surface stroma was greater in ASK than in AV (p = 0.004) and tended to be greater in yearling than in adult males (p = 0.093). The ERβ PS in the intermediate epithelium and the sebaceous glands was greater in adults than in yearlings (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, we reported for the first time the presence of AR and ER in the velvet skin of growing antlers in pampas deer males. Therefore, the velvet skin is sensitive to both androgens and oestrogens. Furthermore, the greater content of oestrogen receptors in the velvet of adult males suggests that adults are more sensitive to this hormone than yearlings, and thus, oestrogens have greater importance in velvet activity regulation in adult males.  相似文献   

Long-term assessment of soil physicochemical properties and seedlings establishment after skidding operations in mountainous mixed hardwoods     

Tavankar  Farzam  Nikooy  Mehrdad  Ezzati  Sättar  Jourgholami  Meghdad  Latterini  Francesco  Venanzi  Rachele  Picchio  Rodolfo 《European Journal of Forest Research》2022,141(4):571-585

One of the basic requirements for sustainable forest management in mixed broadleaved stands is to provide suitable conditions for natural regeneration of trees. These conditions include, but are not limited to, the frequency, quality and the composition of seedling species. Compacted soil layers caused by forest machinery traffic are the most common problem affecting seedling establishment and growth after skidding operations. In this study, we evaluated the frequency, quality, diversity of seedling species and physicochemical properties of soil on 10-, 20- and 30-year-old abandoned skid trails. Further comparison to the values of the mentioned above parameters in control areas allowed for the evaluation in terms of natural recovery processes, under varying traffic intensity and the longitudinal slope of the skid trails in a mixed broadleaved forest. Results showed that there is a significant positive trend of recovery for soil physicochemical properties and ecological characteristics (density and quality) of seedling growing on the skid trails. The time required to recover soil properties and ecological attributes of seedlings increased with increasing traffic intensity and slope of the skid trail. Our results showed that it takes 20 and 30 years to fully recover the chemical and physical properties of the soil, respectively. On the 30-year-old skid trails, density and species diversity indices were fully recovered, but the quality of the seedlings was not restored to the control conditions. The results suggest the importance of a proper planning of the skid trail network, avoiding in particular skid trails with a slope gradient higher than 20%.

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About the inconvenience of handling mixed-breed herds; aspects of social behavior as a potential source of stress and economic losses     

Landaeta-Hernández  Antonio J.  Ungerfeld  Rodolfo  Randles  Ronald  Littell  Ramon  Rae  D. Owen  Chenoweth  Peter J. 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(2):743-751

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this study was to assess aspects of the social behavior of a mixed-breed herd of beef cows as a potential source for stress and economic...  相似文献   

Occurrence of β-lactam-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in milk from primiparous dairy cows in the northeastern region of Brazil     

Silva  Amanda T. F.  da Silva  José G.  Aragão  Breno B.  Peixoto  Rodolfo M.  Mota  Rinaldo A. 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(5):2303-2307

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of the current study was to isolate and identify Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics from primiparous...  相似文献