Eight urgent,fundamental and simultaneous steps needed to restore ocean health,and the consequences for humanity and the planet of inaction or delay     

Dan Laffoley  John M. Baxter  Diva J. Amon  Duncan E.J. Currie  Craig A. Downs  Jason M. Hall‐Spencer  Harriet Harden‐Davies  Richard Page  Chris P. Reid  Callum M. Roberts  Alex Rogers  Thorsten Thiele  Charles R.C. Sheppard  Rashid U. Sumaila  Lucy C. Woodall 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(1):194-208

1. The ocean crisis is urgent and central to human wellbeing and life on Earth; past and current activities are damaging the planet's main life support system for future generations. We are witnessing an increase in ocean heat, disturbance, acidification, bio‐invasions and nutrients, and reducing oxygen levels. Several of these act like ratchets: once detrimental or negative changes have occurred, they may lock in place and may not be reversible, especially at gross ecological and ocean process scales.
2. Each change may represent a loss to humanity of resources, ecosystem function, oxygen production and species. The longer we pursue unsuitable actions, the more we close the path to recovery and better ocean health and greater benefits for humanity in the future.
3. We stand at a critical juncture and have identified eight priority issues that need to be addressed in unison to help avert a potential ecological disaster in the global ocean. They form a purposely ambitious agenda for global governance and are aimed at informing decision‐makers at a high level. They should also be of interest to the general public.
4. Of all the themes, the highest priority is to rigorously address global warming and limit surface temperature rise to 1.5°C by 2100, as warming is the pre‐eminent factor driving change in the ocean. The other themes are establishing a robust and comprehensive High Seas Treaty, enforcing existing standards for Marine Protected Areas and expanding their coverage, especially in terms of high levels of protection, adopting a precautionary pause on deep‐sea mining, ending overfishing and destructive fishing practices, radically reducing marine pollution, putting in place a financing mechanism for ocean management and protection, and lastly, scaling up science/data gathering and facilitating data sharing.
5. By implementing all eight measures in unison, as a coordinated strategy, we can build resilience to climate change, help sustain fisheries productivity, particularly for low‐income countries dependent on fisheries, protect coasts (e.g. via soft‐engineering/habitat‐based approaches), promote mitigation (e.g. carbon storage) and enable improved adaptation to rapid global change.

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STABILIZATION OF DUNE SAND AT BORGO BONSIGNORE IN SICILY / STABILISASIE VAN DUINSAND BY BORGO BONSIGNORE IN SICILIE     

P. J. LE ROUX 《Southern Forests》2013,75(1):44-46

The methods employed and the results achieved in stabilizing an area of about 225 ha dune sand is described. The techniques employed in allowing tree species to become established are mentioned and are illustrated by various plates  相似文献   

Physiological and biochemical consequences of electroimobilisation in conscious sheep     

TR KUCHEL  LE MATHER†  WB RUNCIMAN†  RJ CARAPETIS† 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(2):33-38

An electroimmobilisation device has been developed to facilitate the automated shearing of sheep, but there is little information on its effects on the body. We have studied its effects on the cardiovascular system and on intermediary metabolism in sheep. Electroimmobilisation caused statistically significant increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, renal and hepatic and hindquarter glucose and lactate flux, organ and whole body oxygen flux, hindquarter blood flow and core temperature and decreases in arterial and posterior vena cava blood pH, renal and hepatic blood flow and PaCO2. Notably, no change occurred in PaO2. The metabolic changes demonstrated the capacity of sheep to respond to the increased muscular and cardiovascular work induced by electroimmobilisation. Pulmonary function was not compromised during electroimmobilisation as judged from blood gas changes, and the acid/base changes were rapidly reversed after electroimmobilisation. The recovery to control conditions for all perturbations generally took no longer than 30 min, consistent with a rapid and physiologically adequate reversal by the animal's homeostatic mechanisms.  相似文献   

猪生长激素(PST)脂质体代谢动力学的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胥传来  乐国伟  姚惠源 《动物营养学报》2002,14(3):41-44

在猪体内注射脂质体 ,研究其在体内的药物动力学 ,分析其血浆中生长激素浓度随时间的变化曲线 ,确定其释药模型为单室模型 ,求出各项动力学参数 ,结果为PST脂质体的缓释效果显著 ,缓释时间长达7天以上  相似文献   

生长激素（PST）脂质体对育肥猪生产性能的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

胥传来  乐国伟等 《家畜生态》2002,23(1):36-37,40

选择18头体重20kg左右的太湖二元杂交小公猪，分成A、B、C3组，每组6头。A组为对照组；B组颈部肌肉注射生长激素（PST）4ml/头；C组颈部肌肉注射PST脂质体28mg/头；结果表明PST与PST脂质体对育猪的生产性能影响较为接近，与对照组相比，均可显著提高育肥猪的日增重，饲料报酬，改善猪的胴体品质，说明PST脂质体可代替PST用于生产实践。  相似文献   

Effect of Weight Gain and Subsequent Weight Loss on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Response in Healthy Cats     

Vincent Biourge DVM  Phd    Richard W. Nelson  Edward C. Feldman  Neil H. Willits  James G. Morris  Quinton R. Rogers 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1997,11(2):86-91

The effects of weight gain and subsequent weight loss on glucose tolerance and insulin response were evaluated in 12 healthy cats. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were performed at entry into the study, after a significant gain of body weight induced by feeding palatable commercial cat food ad libitum, after a significant loss of body weight induced by feeding a poorly palatable purified diet to discourage eating and promote fasting, and after recovery from fasting when body weight had returned to pre-study values and cats were eating commercial foods. A complete physical examination with measurement of body weight was performed weekly, a CBC and serum biochemistry panel were evaluated at the time of each IVGTT, and a liver biopsy specimen obtained 2 to 4 days after each IVGTT was evaluated histologically for each cat. Mean serum glucose and insulin concentrations after glucose infusion and total amount of insulin secreted during the second 60 minutes and entire 120 minutes after glucose infusion were significantly (P > .05) increased after weight gain, as compared with baseline. At the end of weight loss, cats had hepatic lipidosis and serum biochemical abnormalities consistent with feline hepatic lipidosis. There was a significant (P > .05) increase in mean serum glucose concentration and t_1/2, and a significant (P > .05) decrease in mean serum insulin concentration and the glucose disappearance coefficient (K) after glucose infusion for measurements obtained after weight loss, compared with those obtained after weight gain and at baseline. Insulin peak response, insulino-genic index, and total amount of insulin secreted during the initial 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 60 minutes after glucose infusion were decreased markedly (P > .05), compared with measurements obtained after weight gain and at baseline. In addition, the total amount of insulin secreted for 120 minutes after glucose infusion was decreased markedly (P > .05) in measurements obtained after weight loss, compared with those obtained after weight gain. At the end of recovery, all cats were voluntarily consuming food, serum biochemical abnormalities identified after weight loss had resolved, the number and size of lipid vacuoles in hepatocytes had decreased, and results of IVGTT were similar to those obtained at baseline. These findings confirmed the reversibility of obesity-induced insulin resistance in cats, and documented initial deterioration in glucose tolerance and insulin response to glucose infusion when weight loss was caused by severe restriction of caloric intake.  相似文献   

Livelihoods,nutrition and health in Dhaka slums     

Pryer JA  Rogers S  Normand C  Rahman A;Urban Livelihoods Study 《Public health nutrition》2002,5(5):613-618

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Chemical composition of Florida orange juices and concentrates     

Floyd KM  Rogers GR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1969,17(5):1119-1122

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Influence of smoke exposure on soil enzyme activities and nitrification     

S. W. Li  J. K. Fredrickson  M. W. Ligotke  P. Van Voris  J. E. Rogers 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1988,6(4):341-346

Summary Soil was exposed to red phosphorous/butyl rubber (RP/BR) aerosols at various relative humidities in a recirculating environmental wind tunnel. Soil microbial and enzymatic activities were measured immediately after exposure and periodically thereafter for 56 days. The nitrification potential was significantly reduced in soil amended with ammonium sulfate and exposed to RP/BR smoke, and could be related to a decline in soil pH. The rate of nitrate formation in unamended soil with time was also reduced, but by 57 days postexposure, concentrations were similat to those of unexposed controls in all but the thinnest soil lense. Soil dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzyme activities were sensitive to RP/BR smoke and in some treatments no activity was detected. The measured activities did not recover within the 56-day postexposure period and in some cases declined. Soil lense thickness was the greatest factor controlling the degree of RP/BR effects, indicating that injury to soil microbial and enzymatic activities may be surficial. Deposition of smoke particles increased with increasing relative humidity, which had a significant impact on the activities measured.  相似文献   

六个香菇菌株液体菌种袋料栽培比较试验     

乐涛陈凤曾  姬松山 《河南农业科学》2005,(10):81-83

通过对6个香菇菌株的液体菌种袋料栽培比较试验,结果表明:不同香菇菌株液体菌种的干生物量和液体发酵过程中产酸的多少没有相关性;菌丝萌发速度和生物学效率差别明显,L9608菌株菌丝生长较快、产量最高,L241-4次之。6个菌株中以L9608、L241-4在菌丝活力、生长势以及抗杂力等方面具有一定优势,适宜于液体菌种袋料栽培。  相似文献