Effect of intravenous lidocaine and ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in goats     

Doherty T  Redua MA  Queiroz-Castro P  Egger C  Cox SK  Rohrbach BW 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2007,34(2):125-131

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of i.v. lidocaine (L) and ketamine (K), alone and in combination (LK), on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane (ISO) in goats. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized crossover design. ANIMALS: Eight, adult mixed breed castrated male goats, aged 1-2 years weighing 24-51 kg. METHODS: Anesthesia was induced with ISO that was delivered via a mask. The tracheas were intubated and the animals ventilated to maintain an end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure between 25 and 30 mmHg (3.3-4 kPa). Baseline MAC (MAC(B)) that prevented purposeful movement in response to clamping a claw was determined in triplicate. After MAC(B) determination, each goat received one of the following treatments, which were administered as a loading (LD) dose followed by a constant rate infusion, IV: L (2.5 mg kg(-1); 100 microg kg(-1) minute(-1)), K (1.5 mg kg(-1); 50 microg kg(-1) minute(-1)), L and K combination or saline, and the MAC (MAC(T)) was re-determined in triplicate. Plasma concentrations of L and K were measured around each MAC point and the values averaged. RESULTS: The least-squares mean MAC(B) for all treatments was 1.13 +/- 0.03%. L, K, and LK reduced (p < 0.05) MAC(B) by 18.3%, 49.6% and 69.4%, respectively. Plasma concentrations for L, K, and LK were 1617 +/- 385, 1535 +/- 251 and 1865 +/- 317/1467 +/- 185 ng mL(-1), respectively. No change (p > 0.05) occurred with saline. CONCLUSION: Lidocaine and K caused significant decreases in the MAC of ISO. The combination (LK) had an additive effect. However, the plasma L concentrations were less than predicted, as was the MAC reduction with L. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of L, K and the combination, at the doses studied, will allow a clinically important reduction in the concentration of ISO required to maintain general anesthesia in goats.  相似文献   

Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of transdermal fentanyl patches for the relief of post-operative pain in dogs after anterior cruciate ligament and pelvic limb repair     

Egger CM  Glerum L  Michelle Haag K  Rohrbach BW 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2007,34(3):200-208

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether transdermal fentanyl patches provided cost-effective post-operative analgesia in dogs with pelvic limb injuries. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial. ANIMALS: Twenty-four dogs undergoing repair of ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments or pelvic limb fractures. METHODS: Dogs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: those receiving transdermal fentanyl patches (group F) and those receiving injectable morphine for control of post-operative pain (group M). Patients in both treatment groups were monitored for adequacy of analgesia and alterations in physiological variables. Plasma fentanyl concentrations were measured in Group F. Rescue morphine was given if a dog was deemed uncomfortable. The time of first rescue morphine, the total amount, and number of doses of morphine administered over 72 hours was quantified and compared for each group. RESULTS: There was no significant treatment effect on any of the parameters, except for serum cortisol concentration, which was significantly lower overall in group F (p = 0.01). Pain scores peaked at 6 hours post-extubation and were higher than baseline from 2 to 20 hours post-extubation. Cortisol concentrations were the highest at time 0 (extubation) and were significantly higher than baseline until 2 hours post-extubation. Pain scores correlated with fentanyl plasma concentrations (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.01, respectively), but the correlation was low (r = 0.26 and r = 0.16, respectively). No correlation was found between serum cortisol concentrations and pain scores in either group. Fentanyl cost and total cost for pain management were considerably higher for group F. CONCLUSIONS: Fentanyl patches did not provide better analgesia or a reduced requirement for rescue opioid compared with intramuscular morphine. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When considering overall costs to the client for comparable analgesic intervention, fentanyl patches increased rather than decreased cost during the first 24 hours post-operatively.  相似文献   

Assessment of Intramedullary Spinal Pressure in Small Breed Dogs With Thoracolumbar Disk Extrusion Undergoing Hemilaminectomy          下载免费PDF全文

Fiammetta L. Noussitou  Daniela Gorgas  Helene Rohrbach  Diana Henke  Judith Howard  Franck Forterre 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(8):944-948

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Effect of a 24-hour infusion of an isotonic electrolyte replacement fluid on the renal clearance of electrolytes in healthy neonatal foals     

Buchanan BR  Sommardahl CS  Rohrbach BW  Andrews FM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(7):1123-1129

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a 24-hour infusion of an isotonic electrolyte replacement fluid (IERF) on weight, serum and urine electrolyte concentrations, and other clinicopathologic variables in healthy neonatal foals. ANIMALS: 4 healthy 4-day-old foals. DESIGN: Prospective study. PROCEDURE: An IERF was administered to each foal at an estimated rate of 80 mL/kg/d (36.4 mL/lb/d) for 24 hours. Body weight was measured before and after the infusion period. Urine was collected via catheter during 4-hour periods; blood samples were collected at 4-hour intervals. Variables including urine production; urine and serum osmolalities; sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations in urine and serum; urine and serum creatinine concentrations; urine osmolality-to-serum osmolality ratio (OsmR); transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG); and percentage creatinine clearance (Cr(cl)) of electrolytes were recorded at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours during the infusion period. Immediately after the study period, net fluid and whole-body electrolyte changes from baseline values were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with baseline values, urine and serum sodium and chloride serum concentrations, urine and serum osmolalities, OsmR, and percentage Cr(cl) of sodium and chloride were significantly increased at various time points during the infusion; urine production did not change significantly. After 24 hours, weight, TTKG, serum creatinine concentration, and whole-body potassium had significantly decreased from baseline values. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that administration of an IERF containing a physiologic concentration of sodium may not be appropriate for use in neonatal foals that require maintenance fluid therapy.  相似文献   

Effect of vaccination against leptospirosis on the frequency, days to recurrence and progression of disease in horses with equine recurrent uveitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rohrbach BW  Ward DA  Hendrix DV  Cawrse-Foss M  Moyers TD 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2005,8(3):171-179

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of vaccination against leptospirosis on frequency and days to recurrence of uveitis and progression of disease in horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU). ANIMALS: Forty-one horses with ERU. PROCEDURE: Horses were randomly assigned to experimental (vaccinated) or control groups. Vaccine containing six serovars of Leptospira or placebo was administered, an ophthalmic examination performed and blood samples drawn on days 0, 28, 180 and 365. Antibody titers were measured against each serovar. Recurrence of uveitis was verified by ophthalmic examination. Results of the initial and final ophthalmic examinations were compared and progression of disease defined as an increase in extent of synechiae, or development of new or progression of an existing cataract. RESULTS: Vaccination increased the average geometric mean serum antibody titer from 225 on day 0, to 4077 and 593 on days 28 and 180, respectively. After the second vaccination, days to first recurrence was significantly longer (median 126 days; range 24-231 days) when compared with controls (median 86 days; range 14-192 days, P=0.04). Recurrence of ERU was observed among 7/20 (35%) vaccinated horses and 12/21 (57%) controls; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.061, OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.06, 1.07). More horses in the experimental group 13/20 (65%) experienced progression of disease when compared with controls 12/21(57%); however, this difference was statistically nonsignificant (P=0.35). CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine significantly increased days to recurrence, but failed to slow the progression of disease. These data do not support the use of vaccination against leptospirosis as adjunct therapy for the routine treatment of horses with ERU.  相似文献   

Hematologic changes associated with weekly low-dose cisplatin administration in dogs     

Hahn KA  Rohrbach BW  Legendre AM  Frazier DL  Nolan ML 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1997,26(1):29-31

This study prospectively describes the systemic toxicity of cisplatin (20 mg/m(2),IV) when given in weekly doses prior to localized irradiation in dogs with solid malignancies. Eleven dogs received a total of 54 weekly doses of cisplatin. Two dogs did not complete the 5-week protocol due to progressive disease and two dogs received 6 weekly doses of cisplatin. Repeated administration of cisplatin caused a significant decline in the leukocyte count, segmented neutrophil count, and platelet count. These changes were related to the number of cisplatin doses. The dogs did not have any significant alteration of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, or urine specific gravity during the treatment period. Weekly low-dose cisplatin, as used in this study, is safe for use in tumor-bearing dogs. However, the significant decline in the leukocyte, segmented neutrophil, and platelet counts in these 11 dogs suggest that cisplatin prescribed at 20 mg/m(2) IV once per week should not exceed five consecutive treatments.  相似文献   

Effects of acepromazine and butorphanol on tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in llamas     

Prado TM  Doherty TJ  Boggan EB  Airasmaa HM  Martin-Jimenez T  Rohrbach BW 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(2):182-188

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sedative, antinociceptive, and physiologic effects of acepromazine and butorphanol during tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) anesthesia in llamas. ANIMALS: 5 young adult llamas. PROCEDURES: Llamas received each of 5 treatments IM (1-week intervals): A (acepromazine, 0.05 mg/kg), B1 (butorphanol, 0.1 mg/kg), AB (acepromazine, 0.05 mg/kg, and butorphanol, 0.1 mg/kg), B2 (butorphanol, 0.2 mg/kg), or C (saline [0.9% NaCl] solution). Sedation was evaluated during a 30-minute period prior to anesthesia with TZ (2 mg/kg, IM). Anesthesia and recovery characteristics and selected cardiorespiratory variables were recorded at intervals. Antinociception was assessed via a toe-clamp technique. RESULTS: Sedation was not evident following any treatment. Times to sternal and lateral recumbency did not differ among treatments. Duration of lateral recumbency was significantly longer for treatment AB than for treatment C. Duration of antinociception was significantly longer for treatments A and AB, compared with treatment C, and longer for treatment AB, compared with treatment B2. Treatment B1 resulted in a significant decrease in respiratory rate, compared with treatment C. Compared with treatment C, diastolic and mean blood pressures were lower after treatment A. Heart rate was increased with treatment A, compared with treatment B1 or treatment C. Although severe hypoxemia developed in llamas anesthetized with TZ alone and with each treatment-TZ combination, hemoglobin saturation remained high and the hypoxemia was not considered clinically important. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sedation or changes in heart and respiratory rates were not detected with any treatment before administration of TZ. Acepromazine alone and acepromazine with butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg) prolonged the duration of antinociception in TZ-treated llamas.  相似文献   

Effect of desmopressin on plasma factor VIII and von Willebrand factor concentrations in Greyhounds     

I. Sato  BW Parry 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(12):820-820

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Spontaneous emission spectrum in double quantum dot devices     

T Fujisawa  TH Oosterkamp  van der Wiel WG  BW Broer  R Aguado  S Tarucha  LP Kouwenhoven 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5390):932-935

A double quantum dot device is a tunable two-level system for electronic energy states. A dc electron current was used to directly measure the rates for elastic and inelastic transitions between the two levels. For inelastic transitions, energy is exchanged with bosonic degrees of freedom in the environment. The inelastic transition rates are well described by the Einstein coefficients, relating absorption with stimulated and spontaneous emission. The most effectively coupled bosons in the specific environment of the semiconductor device used here were acoustic phonons. The experiments demonstrate the importance of vacuum fluctuations in the environment for quantum dot devices and potential design constraints for their use for preparing long-lived quantum states.  相似文献   

The effect of ketamine on the MACBAR of sevoflurane in dogs     

Love L  Egger C  Rohrbach B  Cox S  Hobbs M  Doherty T 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(4):292-300

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of intravenous ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane needed to block autonomic response (MAC_BAR) to a noxious stimulus in dogs.Study designRandomized, crossover, prospective design.AnimalsEight, healthy, adult male, mixed-breed dogs, weighing 11.2–16.1 kg.MethodsDogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane on two occasions, 1 week apart, and baseline MAC_BAR (B-MAC_BAR) was determined on each occasion. MAC_BAR was defined as the mean of the end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations that prevented and allowed an increase (≥15%) in heart rate or invasive mean arterial pressure in response to a noxious electrical stimulus (50 V, 50 Hz, 10 ms). Dogs then randomly received either a low-dose (LDS) or high-dose series (HDS) of ketamine, and treatment MAC_BAR (T-MAC_BAR) was determined. The LDS had an initial loading dose (LD) of 0.5 mg kg^?1 and constant rate infusion (CRI) at 6.25 μg kg^?1 minute^?1, followed, after T-MAC_BAR determination, by a second LD (1 mg kg^?1) and CRI (12.5 μg kg^?1 minute^?1). The HDS had an initial LD (2 mg kg^?1) and CRI (25 μg kg^?1 minute^?1) followed by a second LD (3 mg kg^?1) and CRI (50 μg kg^?1 minute^?1). Data were analyzed with a mixed-model anova and are presented as LSM ± SEM.ResultsThe B-MAC_BAR was not significantly different between treatments. Ketamine at 12.5, 25, and 50 μg kg^?1 minute^?1 decreased sevoflurane MAC_BAR, and the maximal decrease (22%) occurred at 12.5 μg kg^?1 minute^?1. The percentage change in MAC_BAR was not correlated with either the log plasma ketamine or norketamine concentration.Conclusions and clinical relevanceKetamine at clinically relevant doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 μg kg^?1 minute^?1 decreased sevoflurane MAC_BAR, although the reduction was neither dose-dependent nor linear.  相似文献