The response of a high-yielding canola hybrid to sulfur fertilization in three contrasting Saskatchewan soils     

Ron Urton  R. D. Hangs  C. A. Grant 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(15):1957-1969

Abstract

Canola (Brassica napus) is the primary oilseed crop in western Canada; however, it is often grown on sulfur (S)-deficient soils. Moreover, canola has a high S demand compared to cereals and, therefore, is particularly sensitive to S deficiency. This study examined the growth and nutrient uptake responses of a high-yielding canola hybrid cultivar to S fertilization when grown on three contrasting soils differing in S fertility, with and without the addition of fertilizer S. The soils were collected from three soil-climatic zones within Saskatchewan (Brown, Black, and Gray) and three different fertilizer S forms were used: ammonium sulfate (AS); ammonium thiosulfate (ATS); and a composite fertilizer containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and S (NPS; 50-50 blend of sulfate (SO₄) salt and elemental S). Sulfur fertilization increased the canola biomass, along with plant uptake of N, P, and S on all three soils. Fertilizer S use efficiency (i.e. recovery) ranged from 11-75%. For all three soils, the general trend among fertilizer S forms for biomass, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer use efficiency was AS?>?ATS?>?NPS. The greatest differences were observed with the Gray soil, which had the poorest S fertility. Residual soil SO₄ after harvest was greater for ATS and NPS; reflecting continued oxidation of thiosulfate and elemental S to SO₄. Principal component analysis demonstrated the importance of tissue N:S ratio as a key diagnostic measurement related to canola growth and nutrient uptake in S-deficient soils.  相似文献   

Acid‐base titration of barley roots     

M. M. Ron 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):403-409

H saturated barley roots were titrated in the presence of 3 different concentrations of KC1. From the observation of the curves obtained, four regions corresponding to ionogenic groups of different pK values are apparent. A CEC of 20 to 30 miliequivalents/100 g dry weight was calculated for barley roots. A pzc value of about 4.5 was found graphically for the root surface.  相似文献   

Emeritus Professor J.E. Utting     

Professor Ron Jones 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1999,26(1):26-26

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The use of ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin solution in the treatment of two cases of presumed red maple toxicosis in a miniature horse and a pony     

Ron Vin  Daniela Bedenice  Virginia T. Rentko  Mary Rose Paradis 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2002,12(3):169-175

Objective: To report the use of ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin (PBHg) in the treatment of red maple toxicosis in horses. Summary: The use of PBHg in a miniature horse and a pony with clinical signs of red maple toxicosis is described. Initial treatment of the horses included blood transfusion in Case 1, and intravenous crystalloid fluids, nasogastrically administered mineral oil, and activated charcoal in both cases. Both cases received PBHg (16 and 11 ml/kg, respectively) when the hematocrit dropped below 10%. Clinical stabilization of the horses (reflected by improved vital signs and mucous membrane color, increase in P_vO₂, and increase in plasma hemoglobin) was temporary, lasting 12 and 42 hours, respectively. A whole blood transfusion was given 16 hours after the infusion of PBHg in Case 1 and 42 hours after the infusion of PBHg in Case 2. The horses were discharged on days 15 and 17, respectively. Both were stable on discharge and were reported to be doing well 1 month after discharge. New information provided: Ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin is shown to be safe in the treatment of red maple toxicosis. Ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin infusion resulted in temporary improvement in oxygen (O₂) delivery as assessed by clinical and laboratory parameters. The use of PBHg may provide an ‘oxygen bridge’ in an acute hemolytic crisis in the horse. It may allow additional time in the treatment of red maple toxicity for the acute hemolysis to subside and for metabolism of the toxin to occur, thus providing a more optimal environment for an effective whole blood transfusion.  相似文献   

The effects of 1% prednisolone acetate on pupil diameter and intraocular pressure in healthy dogs treated with 0.005% latanoprost          下载免费PDF全文

Nili Kahane  Tali Bdolah‐Abram  Hilli Raskansky  Ron Ofri 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2016,19(6):473-479

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Early growth of alley shrubs in the Highland region of Rwanda     

Charles Yamoah  Ron Grosz  Egide Nizeyimana 《Agroforestry Systems》1989,9(2):171-184

Early growth of some woody shrubs used in alley cropping were studied in the Buberuka Highland and Central Plateau region of Rwanda. The altitudinal ranges for the two agroecological zones are 1800–2400 m and 1500–1900 m respectively. First, early growth of Sesbania sesban (Sesbania) as affected by intercropped bean, potato, pea and wheat was studied. Second, effect of lime and manure applications on growth of Sesbania, Leucaena sp (Leucaena), Calliandra Calothyrsus (Calliandra) and Markhamia lutea (Markhamia) was investigated. Third, growth of Sesbania and Leucaena at selected locations were examined. Bean grown in association with Sesbania enhanced the growth of the shrub in the Central Plateau region. At both sites, growth of Sesbania was retarded by intercropped pea. Growth of Sesbania increased significantly during the dry season in June and July. Biomass and height after one years' growth of Sesbania were higher in the Buberuka than in the Central Plateau region. Growth of the shrubs is ranked as: sesbania > Leucaena > Calliandra > Markhamia in the Buberuka Highlands. Farmyard manure generally increased the growth rates of the shrubs. Calliandra and Leucaena were most responsive to liming. The response of Leucaena to liming decreased with manure application but no definite trend was observed for Calliandra, Sesbania and Markhamia. Sesbania and Markhamia were least influenced by application of lime. Their respective LRI's were 0.35 and 0.46. The average growth rates for Sesbania and Leucaena at selected locations ranged between 26.4–62.2 cm/month and 13.1–27.4 cm per month respectively.Contribution from the University of Arkansas' USAID supported Farming Systems Research Program (FSRP) in Rwanda (USAID 696-0110), BP 625, Kigali Rwanda  相似文献   

Linking on-station research with on-farm testing: The case of agroforestry and organic matter-based cropping systems for the Rwanda farming systems improvement project     

Charles F. Yamoah  Ron Grosz 《Agroforestry Systems》1988,6(1-3):271-281

Hillside farming with its attendant erosion and decline in soil fertility is common-place in the area served by the Farming Systems Improvement Project. The project is designing land-use systems that would check erosion, increase soil organic matter and restore soil fertility. These systems will allow small farmers to increase or maintain product long-term basis without resorting to the use of high doses of inorganic fertilizers which are not readily available in the country. The use of leguminous shrubs and cover crops as nutrient sources — concepts embodied in agroforestry and organic farming systems — are options that landuse experts think might solve the problem. However, there is a dearth of knowledge about the biological feasibility of these interventions in the project area. This paper reports how FSIP combined problem diagnosis and analysis, researcher-managed adaptive trials and a field day to attack this lack of information. The rationale for using this approach is to address farmers' real needs, save time and minimize risk to poor farmers. This article is a contribution from the University of Arkansas' USAID-supported Farming System Improvement Project (FSIP) in Rawanda (USAID 696-0110), B.P. 625, Kigali, Rawanda. Authors are the project's soil scientist/agronomist and its extension and training specialist respectively.  相似文献   

Eastern equine encephalitis in 9 South American camelids     

Nolen-Walston R  Bedenice D  Rodriguez C  Rushton S  Bright A  Fecteau ME  Short D  Majdalany R  Tewari D  Pedersen D  Kiupel M  Maes R  Del Piero F 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(4):846-852

BACKGROUND: Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus is a mosquito-borne togavirus (alphavirus) that causes severe (often fatal) encephalitis in many mammalian species, but it has not been reported previously in South American camelids. Hypothesis: South American camelids can become naturally infected with EEE virus and show encephalitic signs similar to those observed in other affected species. ANIMALS: Nine cases (8 alpacas and 1 llama, aged 3.5 weeks to 12 years) were identified; 4 of 9 were 510 weeks old. All cases were from the East Coast of the United States and presented in late summer and fall. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to include confirmed cases of EEE in camelids in North America before 2006. RESULTS: Eight of nine (89%) camelids died or were euthanized in extremis, with the mean time to death of 2 days. Clinical signs were consistent with encephalitis and included fever, lethargy, ataxia, seizures, recumbency, torticollis, opisthotonus, and vestibular signs. No consistent hematologic abnormalities were identified, and cerebrospinal fluid contained an increased protein concentration in the single camelid analyzed. No successful therapy was identified. EEE was confirmed by alphavirus detection by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the central nervous system (CNS) and by serology. Findings included polioencephalitis with lymphocytic perivascular cuffing; neutrophil infiltration; gliosis; neuron satellitosis; necrosis; and edema, with intracytoplasmic alphavirus within neurons and glial cells. No virus was detected in extraneural tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In endemic areas, EEE should be considered a differential diagnosis for young and adult camelids with CNS disease. Brain histopathology with indirect IHC or PCR is diagnostic.  相似文献   

Genetic Diversity among Wild Common Beans from Northwestern Argentina Based on Morpho-agronomic and RAPD Data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Z. Galván  M. C. Menéndez-Sevillano  A. M. De Ron  M. Santalla  P. A. Balatti 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(5):891-900

The genetic diversity among 10 wild populations of common bean Phaseolus vulgaris var. aborigineus was analyzed by means of RAPD markers and morpho-agronomic data. The study was performed on populations collected from different sites located in the provinces of Jujuy, Salta and Tucumán in northwestern Argentina. Ten quantitative traits and 33 random primers were scored. Clustering based on morpho-agronomic traits and RAPD markers generated similar phenograms that grouped bean populations based on their site of collection. The levels of diversity observed among populations were low suggesting they have a common ancestor. The levels of diversity shown by morpho-agronomic traits were higher compared to those of molecular markers, most probably due to the effect of the environment. Furthermore, a 480-bp DNA band identified a group of wild populations collected from similar sites. Breeding strategies need to exploit this diversity to broaden the genetic base of commercial beans to develop high yield cultivars.  相似文献   

Effects of sod-cutting on the nematode community of a secondary forest of Pinus sylvestris L.     

Ron G. M. de Goede 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,22(3):227-236

Atmospheric S and N compounds accumulate in the surface layers of the forest soil environment, where they affect soil biota and nutrient availability for tree growth. In addition to measures to reduce the input of atmospheric deposition, removal of the ectorganic layers by sod-cutting may contribute to the recovery of the soil ecosystem. In this study, we examined the effects of sod-cutting on the nematode fauna of a Scots pine forest, 1 and 3 years after treatment. Sod-cutting reduced the total numbers of nematodes, nematode taxa, and Maturity Index. The first taxa that colonized the newly developing organic layers after sod-cutting had low colonizer-persister (c-p) values, and appeared to have originated from the tree canopy and mineral soil. Colonization, presumably from nearby untreated plots, was observed 3 years after the sod-cutting. The initial (after 1 year) nematode community of the new organic layer comprised hyphal-, bacterial-, and algal-feeding nematodes, whereas plant-feeders, predators, and omnivores were not detected. The composition of the nematode fauna in the ectorganic layers 15 and 39 months after sod-cutting was highly similar to that of the nematode fauna of the early stages of a primary succession of Scots pine forest in a reference area in the Netherlands. In the mineral soil only insect parasites were negatively affected by sod-cutting.  相似文献