Enhancement of consolidated long-term memory by overexpression of protein kinase Mzeta in the neocortex     

Shema R  Haramati S  Ron S  Hazvi S  Chen A  Sacktor TC  Dudai Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6021):1207-1210

Memories are more easily disrupted than improved. Many agents can impair memories during encoding and consolidation. In contrast, the armamentarium of potential memory enhancers is so far rather modest. Moreover, the effect of the latter appears to be limited to enhancing new memories during encoding and the initial period of cellular consolidation, which can last from a few minutes to hours after learning. Here, we report that overexpression in the rat neocortex of the protein kinase C isozyme protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) enhances long-term memory, whereas a dominant negative PKMζ disrupts memory, even long after memory has been formed.  相似文献   

Swedish coffee (Astragalus boeticus L.), a neglected coffee substitute with a past and a potential future     

Jaime Prohens  Isabel Andújar  Santiago Vilanova  Mariola Plazas  Pietro Gramazio  Rafael Prohens  Francisco J. Herraiz  Antonio M. De Ron 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(1):287-297

Swedish coffee (Astragalus boeticus) seeds have been used as a coffee substitute, in particular during the nineteenth century and in times of scarcity. A. boeticus is found in the wild in a wide range of environments in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions and is able to grow in areas with low and irregular rainfall. It is well-adapted to cultivated and disturbed environments, has indehiscent pods and high yield potential, and is therefore pre-adapted to cultivation and domestication. Swedish coffee is an annual that flowers in spring and produces small (3–6 mm × 3–5 mm) kidney-shaped seeds that can be harvested in summer. The genetic diversity of the species has not been studied, but evidence (wide range of environments, insect pollination) suggests that considerable diversity exists in the species. The genetic resources of Swedish coffee conserved in germplasm banks are very limited, with only 49 accessions conserved in six genebanks. Although no cultivated varieties exist at present and no breeding studies are underway, evidence suggests that limited breeding could result in considerable genetic advances. The cultivation of A. boeticus was very important during the nineteenth century in several countries of Europe, in particular in Sweden, where the cultivation was promoted as a coffee substitute by the monarchy. Several reports exist on its cultivation in several countries of Northern, Central and Southern Europe during the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century. However, its cultivation gradually lost importance and was eventually abandoned. Swedish coffee can be grown in different types of soils as a regular winter or spring legume crop, and thanks to symbiosis with rhizobia may be able to perform well with reduced N fertilization. Several historical accounts report an excellent quality of the coffee substitute prepared with roasted Swedish coffee seeds. However, no investigations have been carried out to study the process of roasting and its influence on the final quality. The information presented here indicates that limited efforts in A. boeticus breeding, cultivation, and industrial processing potentially might result in the recovery of this neglected coffee substitute.  相似文献   

萤光假单胞菌根部定殖对水培系统中香石竹生长的影响     

Peer.  RV 徐同 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,5(4):218-223

 用筛选的萤光假单胞细菌(fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.)菌株WCS X.13,WCS417和WCS 358处理栽培于水培系统中不同香石竹栽培品种的根部,试验结果表明,在通气的三角烧瓶培养中,香石竹品种Pallas经WCS X.13菌株处理后根长、根重显著高于对照,植株鲜重相对增长率高于对照40%;经WCS417菌株处理根长高于对照,香石竹品种Lena经WCS 417菌株处理植株鲜重相对增长率高于对照32%,在营养膜培养中,在人工接种病原菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi的条件下,中抗品种Pallas经试验菌株处理根部6周以后,植株(根上部)鲜重均高于对照,表现促进植株生长的趋势。  相似文献   

Superfamilies of evolved and designed networks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Milo R  Itzkovitz S  Kashtan N  Levitt R  Shen-Orr S  Ayzenshtat I  Sheffer M  Alon U 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5663):1538-1542

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Oxytocin selectively gates fear responses through distinct outputs from the central amygdala     

Viviani D  Charlet A  van den Burg E  Robinet C  Hurni N  Abatis M  Magara F  Stoop R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6038):104-107

Central amygdala (CeA) projections to hypothalamic and brain stem nuclei regulate the behavioral and physiological expression of fear, but it is unknown whether these different aspects of the fear response can be separately regulated by the CeA. We combined fluorescent retrograde tracing of CeA projections to nuclei that modulate fear-related freezing or cardiovascular responses with in vitro electrophysiological recordings and with in vivo monitoring of related behavioral and physiological parameters. CeA projections emerged from separate neuronal populations with different electrophysiological characteristics and different response properties to oxytocin. In vivo, oxytocin decreased freezing responses in fear-conditioned rats without affecting the cardiovascular response. Thus, neuropeptidergic signaling can modulate the CeA outputs through separate neuronal circuits and thereby individually steer the various aspects of the fear response.  相似文献   

Human KGF is FGF-related with properties of a paracrine effector of epithelial cell growth   总被引：114，自引：0，他引：114  

P W Finch  J S Rubin  T Miki  D Ron  S A Aaronson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,245(4919):752-755

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Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ketoprofen when compounded with iron dextran for use in nursing piglets     

Kristen J. Reynolds  Ron Johnson  Robert M. Friendship  Jennifer Brown  Saad Enouri  Ronette Gehring  Terri L. O&#x;Sullivan 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(11):1211

In Canada, piglets receive analgesia to control pain after surgical castration. There is interest in examining the potential to mix non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with iron dextran prior to injection to minimize piglet handling and labor. The objective of this study was to compare pharmacokinetics and the relative bioavailability of ketoprofen given alone (3.0 mg/kg IM) versus the same dose of ketoprofen mixed with iron dextran (52.8 mg/kg IM) (ketoprofen + iron dextran) before injection in piglets. Piglets 8 to 11 d old were allocated into 2 treatment groups (n = 8/group). Plasma drug concentrations were measured using mass spectrometry at 13 time points after injection. No significant differences were detected between the 2 groups when examining pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., C_max, T_max, AUC) or relative bioavailability for either S- or R-ketoprofen enantiomers (P > 0.05). However, pain control efficacy and food safety studies of these formulations are required to further examine this practice.  相似文献   

Determination of ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, and Re in different dosage forms of ginseng by negative ion electrospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry     

Luchtefeld R  Kostoryz E  Smith RE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(16):4953-4956

A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been used to determine ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, and Re in six different samples of ginseng. These included a liquid extract, capsules, tea bags, and an instant tea. It was found that four of the six samples had detectable levels of at least one of the ginsenosides. The liquid extract, capsules, instant tea, and tea bags labeled ginseng had ginsenosides. The labels on the two samples that did not have ginsenosides indicated that they were a mixture of green tea, licorice, and ginseng. Also, 13C NMR was used to identify the types of complex carbohydrates present in the samples. One of the samples of tea bags had none of the ginsenosides, but did have complex carbohydrates found in most of the other samples. The instant tea had all three ginsenosides, but had no complex carbohydrates, only sucrose. The amounts of ginsenosides found in standard doses from six different sources of ginseng varied considerably. It was found that steeping a tea bag for a longer time than that recommended on the label produced a larger recovery of ginsenosides and that reusing a tea bag produced even higher recoveries.  相似文献   

The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Holt RA  Subramanian GM  Halpern A  Sutton GG  Charlab R  Nusskern DR  Wincker P  Clark AG  Ribeiro JM  Wides R  Salzberg SL  Loftus B  Yandell M  Majoros WH  Rusch DB  Lai Z  Kraft CL  Abril JF  Anthouard V  Arensburger P  Atkinson PW  Baden H  de Berardinis V  Baldwin D  Benes V  Biedler J  Blass C  Bolanos R  Boscus D  Barnstead M  Cai S  Center A  Chaturverdi K  Christophides GK  Chrystal MA  Clamp M  Cravchik A  Curwen V  Dana A  Delcher A  Dew I  Evans CA  Flanigan M  Grundschober-Freimoser A  Friedli L  Gu Z  Guan P  Guigo R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5591):129-149

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