Erratum to: Cleanup of atrazine-contaminated soils: ecotoxicological study on the efficacy of a bioremediation tool with Pseudomonas sp. ADP     

Sónia Chelinho  Matilde Moreira-Santos  Débora Lima  Cátia Silva  Paula Viana  Sandra André  Isabel Lopes  Rui Ribeiro  Arsénio M. Fialho  Cristina A. Viegas  José P. Sousa 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(6):1209-1210

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Severe leukopenia and liver biochemistry changes in adult rabbits after calicivirus infection     

Ferreira PG  Costa-e-Silva A  Oliveira MJ  Monteiro E  Cunha EM  Aguas AP 《Research in veterinary science》2006,80(2):218-225

Calicivirus infection is the major cause of the severe decrease in the stocks of wild and farm rabbits that has occurred worldwide during the last two decades. Adult rabbits (10-weeks-old) were experimentally infected with a calicivirus inoculum that killed all animals by causing rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) within 24-62 h of infection. The rabbits were used to evaluate blood cell numbers and serum biochemistry every 6h, starting 12h after the inoculation of the caliciviruses. No significant changes in blood parameters were observed in most of the rabbits up to 18 h of infection. Severe leukopenia was seen 6h before death of the infected rabbits; both heterophils and lymphocytes contributed to the decrease in circulating white blood cells. Platelets were also severely decreased in number. Marked enhancement in liver enzymes was seen 6-12 h before death of the infected rabbits. There was also evidence both for cholestasis, as expressed by the elevated levels of direct (conjugated) bilirubin, and for hypoglycemia, an alteration that it is likely to contribute for the seizures that rabbits show during the late stages of RHD. Liver ultrastructure of rabbits that died from RHD revealed extensive hepatocyte vacuolization, severe changes in mitochondrial structure, and depletion of glycogen granules. We conclude that: (i) severe leukopenia characterizes the final hours of calicivirus-induced RHD; (ii) hypoglycemia and cholestasis precede death of rabbits from RHD; (iii) the kinetics of liver enzymes allows an accurate prediction of the time of death of rabbits from calicivirus-induced RHD.  相似文献   

Mycoflora of poultry feeds and ochratoxin-producing ability of isolated Aspergillus and Penicillium species     

Rosa CA  Ribeiro JM  Fraga MJ  Gatti M  Cavaglieri LR  Magnoli CE  Dalcero AM  Lopes CW 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,113(1-2):89-96

In Brazil, commercial feedstuffs are an important component in modern animal husbandry, but there is no information available about fungal contamination and ochratoxin A (OTA) production. The aims of this study were to determine the mycoflora incidence in poultry feeds and evaluate OTA production. In addition, the ability to produce OTA by several Aspergillus and Penicillium species was investigated. A total of 96 samples of poultry feeds were collected from four factories in Rio de Janeiro. Samples were examined for total moulds, for Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. occurrence and for their relative densities on dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol and dichloran 18% glycerol media. The capacity to produce ochratoxin A by selected Aspergillus and Penicillium species was determined by HPLC. Total mould counts were generally higher than 1 x 10(5 )CFU ml(-1). Aspergillus and Penicillium species were isolated in the highest numbers. Aspergillus flovus and Penicillium citrinum were the most prevalent species. There was a high percentage of potential OTA producers (46%). The amount of OTA produced on this substrate was enough to cause adverse effects in animals. Several strains isolated from poultry feeds were able to produce high levels of OTA on chloramphenicol yeast medium. OTA in raw materials needs to be surveyed and storage practices must be investigated to determine occurrence and establish the livestock toxicological risk in poultry feed.  相似文献   

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: microbiology, biochemical properties, pathogenesis and molecular studies of virulence     

Dorella FA  Pacheco LG  Oliveira SC  Miyoshi A  Azevedo V 《Veterinary research》2006,37(2):201-218

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), a common disease in small ruminant populations throughout the world. Once established, this disease is difficult to eradicate because drug therapy is not effective and because the clinical detection of infected animals is of limited efficiency. We reviewed the microbiological, biochemical and taxonomic features of C. pseudotuberculosis, general aspects of infection, the main virulence determinants and currently available commercial vaccines. We also examined the current molecular strategies for the study of virulence in C. pseudotuberculosis, including the latest research on the identification of novel virulence factors and genes, which will help us to better understand the biology of this microorganism. This knowledge may also contribute to the development of improved CLA vaccines, including subunit and DNA-based types, as well as to improve the diagnosis, treatment and control of this disease.  相似文献   

Idiopathic hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat     

de Melo Ocarino N  Fukushima FB  de Matos Gomes A  Bueno DF  de Oliveira TS  Serakides R 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2006,8(5):345-348

This report describes the first case of idiopathic hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) in a cat. No causes for the bone pathology were found following evaluation of the physical and laboratory examinations (complete blood count, albumin, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase and urinalysis), and after histopathological evaluation of organs at necropsy. Based on the radiographic, clinical and anatomopathological findings, idiopathic HO was diagnosed.  相似文献   

Use of PCR-RFLP to identify Leishmania species in naturally-infected dogs     

de Andrade HM  Reis AB  dos Santos SL  Volpini AC  Marques MJ  Romanha AJ 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,140(3-4):231-238

Tissue imprints on Giemsa stained slides from dogs were used to investigate the presence of Leishmania amastigotes by either optical microscopy (OM) or Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of DNA. Samples from skin, spleen, lymph node, liver and bone marrow from a Leishmaniasis endemic area dogs where Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis are sympatric were studied. Dogs were initially diagnosed by Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF), as which 39 were IIF positive (≥1:40) and 16 negative. The IIF positive dogs were clinically grouped as symptomatic (n = 15), oligosymptomatic (n = 12) and asymptomatic (n = 12). Although PCR positivity was higher in symptomatic dogs, specially their skin samples, there was no significant difference among clinical groups or organs examined. Ten (62.5%) out of 16 IIF and OM negative animals were positive for PCR in at least one organ. Forty-eight positive PCR amplicons were further submitted to RFLP for Leishmania identification. All dogs were infected with L. (L.) chagasi except one, infected with L. (V.) braziliensis. PCR was more efficient than IIF and OM to diagnose canine visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL), regardless of the organ examined and the clinical form present. The use of PCR together with serology helps determining the extension of sub clinical infection in CVL endemic areas and provides a better estimate of the number of dogs to be targeted for control measures. In conclusion, our data reinforce the need for a specific diagnosis of canine infection in areas where diverse Leishmania species are sympatric and demonstrate that PCR–RFLP can be used to identify Leishmania species in dog tissue imprint stained slides.  相似文献   

Biologic and genetic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Nicaragua, Central America     

Dubey JP  Sundar N  Pineda N  Kyvsgaard NC  Luna LA  Rimbaud E  Oliveira JB  Kwok OC  Qi Y  Su C 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,142(1-2):47-53

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 98 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Nicragua was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and found in 84 (85.7%) of 98 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 10, 1:10 in eight, 1:20 in seven, 1:40 in nine, 1:80 in 11, 1:160 in one, 1:200 in 27, 1:400 in six, 1:800 four, and 1:3200 in one bird. Hearts and brains of 32 chickens with titers of 1:10 or less were pooled and fed to three T. gondii-free cats. Hearts and brains of 66 chickens with titers of 1:20 or higher were bioassayed in mice. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts. The cat fed tissues from eight chickens with titers of 1:10 shed T. gondii oocysts. The two cats fed tissues of 24 chickens with titers of 1:5 or less did not shed oocysts. T. gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from 47 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or higher. All infected mice from six isolates died of toxoplasmosis. Overall, 41 of 170 (24.1%) mice that became infected after inoculation with chicken tissues died of toxoplasmosis. Genotyping of these 48 isolates (47 from mice and 1 from pooled tissues) using polymorphisms at the loci SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB and GRA6 revealed eight genotypes. Six isolates had Type I alleles, three isolate had Type II alleles and six isolates had Type III alleles at all loci. Four isolates had mixed infections. Two isolates have a unique allele at SAG1 locus and combination of I and III alleles at other loci. The rest 27 isolates contained the combination of Type I and III alleles and were divided into four genotypes. More than one genotypes were often isolated in chickens from the same household, indicating multiple genotypes were circulating in the same environment. This may explain the high frequency of mixed infections observed. High rate of mixed infection in intermediate hosts such as chickens may facilitate genetic exchange between different parasite lineages in definitive feline hosts. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates from Nicragua, Central America.  相似文献   

Effect of age of donor on embryo production in Morada Nova (white variety) ewes participating in a conservation programme in Brazil     

Lopes JE  Maia EL  Paula NR  Teixeira DI  Villarroel AB  Rondina D  Freitas VJ 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(7-8):555-561

In order to evaluate embryo production in Morada Nova (white variety) ewes superovulated with porcine follicle-stimulating hormone, 20 cycling ewes were used as embryo donors and allocated into two groups according to age: group 1 (ewes aged 1–2 years; n = 9) or group 2 (ewes aged 3–4 years; n = 11). Embryo recovery was performed by laparotomy 5–6 days after oestrus. The evaluation of embryos was made under stereomicroscope according to International Embryo Transfer Society rules. The overall recovery rate was 64.6% (5.0 ±  0.7 structures per ewe) and 86.3% of the recovered structures were fertilized. Group 1 was superior (p < 0.05) to group 2 according to recovered (6.6 ±  0.9 vs 3.6 ±  0.8) and fertilized structures (5.6 ±  1.1 vs. 3.5 ±  0.7) per ewe. In conclusion, the ovarian response and the embryo production in Morada Nova (white variety) sheep subjected to a standard superovulation treatment were considered satisfactory. In addition, the use of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer in younger ewes (≤ 2 years old) of this sheep breed appears to be an efficient tool to accelerate the preservation of the Morada Nova (white variety) breed, since younger ewes are as responsive as older ones.  相似文献   

Immune responses to Staphylococcus aureus and Psoroptes ovis in sheep infected with P. ovis--the sheep scab mite     

Oliveira AM  MacKellar A  Hume L  Huntley JF  Thoday KL  van den Broek AH 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,113(1-2):64-72

In sheep, lesions caused by Psoroptes ovis, the sheep scab mite, may become colonized by Staphylococcus aureus. The present study compares clinical signs, lesional area and the immune response to P. ovis and S. aureus in P. ovis-infested sheep with and without secondary S. aureus infection. No differences were detected in the clinical signs or lesional areas in the S. aureus-positive and -negative sheep. However, 6 weeks after infestation an IgG but not IgE isotype antibody response to S. aureus was detected in the S. aureus-positive but not the S. aureus-negative group of sheep. This response targeted S. aureus antigens with molecular weights of approximately 36, 38, 50 and 65 kDa. In addition, 6 weeks after infestation an IgE response to P. ovis was detected in the S. aureus-positive but not the S. aureus-negative group of sheep.  相似文献   

Anatomoradiographic description of the teeth of pacas bred in captivity (Agouti paca, Linnaeus, 1766)     

Oliveira FS  Canola JC  Oliveira PT  Pécora JD  Capelli A 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2006,35(5):316-318

Two newborn males, two adult males 9 and 72 months old, one newborn female and two adult females of 30 and 54 months old pacas were used. Animals were radiographed on lateral recumbency, teeth were extracted and the vestibulolingual and mesiodistal lengths were achieved at the occlusal surface, besides the longitudinal length. The lower incisors presented greater length in relation to the other ones and sinuous shape; the upper incisors, relatively smaller, are practically straight. There is no canine tooth, and after a great diastema there is one premolar and three molars in each hemiarcade. In adult pacas, the enamel of incisors presents yellowish colour, mainly in the labial surface; in the premolars and molars, the enamel is present as internal sheets disposed nearly in a parallel way and in vestibulolingual direction, through practically all the dental length, which provides several joined teeth aspect.  相似文献