Mapping QTLs for aluminum tolerance in maize   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Fernando Enrique Ninamango-Cárdenas  Claudia Teixeira Guimarães  Paulo Roberto Martins  Sidney Netto Parentoni  Newton Portilho Carneiro  Maurício Antônio Lopes  José Roberto Moro  Edilson Paiva 《Euphytica》2003,130(2):223-232

Aluminum toxicity is one of the major constraints for plant development in acid soils, limiting food production in many countries. Cultivars genetically adapted to acid soils may offer an environmental compatible solution, providing a sustainable agriculture system. The aim of this work was to identify genomic regions associated with Al tolerance in maize, and to quantify the genetic effects on the phenotypic variation. A population of 168F_3:4 families derived from a cross between two contrasting maize inbred lines for Al tolerance was evaluated using the NSRL and RSRL parameters in nutrient solution containing toxic level of aluminum. Variance analyses indicated that the NSRL was the most reliable phenotypicindex to measure Al tolerance in the population, being used for further QTL mapping analysis. RFLP and SSR markers were selected for bulked segregant analysis, and additional SSR markers, flanking the polymorphisms of interest, were chosen in order to saturate the putative target regions. Seven linkage groups were constructed using 17 RFLP and 34 SSR markers. Five QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 2, 6 and 8, explaining 60% of the phenotypic variation. QTL₄ and marker umc043 were located on chromosomes 8and 5, close to genes encoding for enzymes involved in the organic acids synthesis pathways, a widely proposed mechanism for Al tolerance in plants. QTL₂ was mapped in the same region as Alm2,also associated with Al tolerance in maize. In addition, dominant and additive effects were important in the control of this trait in maize. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Intra and interlocus interactions between alcobaça (alc), crimson (og c ), and high pigment (hp) loci in tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.     

Maria Luiza de Araújo  Wilson R. Maluf  Luiz A.A. Gomes  Ana Cláudia B. Oliveira 《Euphytica》2002,125(2):215-226

The ripening mutant allele alcobaça (alc/alc) may be deployed to extend shelf life in tomatoes, but has reportedly negative effects on fruit colour development. Colour enhancing mutants crimson (og ^c /og ^c) and high pigment (hp/hp) could potentially overcome this limitation, but a detailed account of their interactions with alc is not available. In this paper, we report on intra-allelic (additive and dominant) interactions within these 3 loci, and on their possible interallelic (epistatic) interactions. Eight near-isogenic (NIL) tomato lines in background Flora-Dade were obtained, representing all possible 2ⁿhomozygous combinations in the n = 3 loci. The 8 NIL were crossed in all possible combinations (reciprocals excluded), to obtain 28 hybrids that were heterozygous in at least one locus. The 36 treatments (= 8NIL + 28 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with 4replications, and the following traits were evaluated: total yield, average fruit mass, fruit firmness at harvest (= breakerstage) and 6 days after harvest (d.a.h)., % coloured fruit surface, fruit lycopene and beta-carotene contents, fruit % soluble solids and solids/acidity ratio, internal and external fruit colour. The loci alcobaça, crimson and high pigment or their epistatic interactions had significant influence on the expression of all traits measured. Epistatic effects were responsible for most of the variation among genotypes (with a minimum of 48.1%of the total sum of squares for % coloured fruit surface and a maximum of 82.8% for total yield). External fruit colour was defficient in all alc/alc genotypes, and their commercial use is impaired, in spite of improvements in fruit internal and external colour brought about by deployment of specific genotypic constitutions in lociog ^c and hp. Some but not all alc ⁺ /alc genotypes were firmer and showed improved fruit quality over the normal Flora-Dade (alc ⁺ /alc ⁺ og ^c+ /og ^c+ hp ⁺ /hp ⁺) background. The following genotypic combinations represented good compromises between yield, long shelf life and fruit quality traits: alc ⁺ /alc og ^c+ /og ^c hp ⁺ /hp, alc ⁺ /alc og ^c /og ^c hp ⁺ /hp ⁺ and alc ⁺/alc og ^c+/og ^c+ hp ⁺ /hp  相似文献   

Heterotic groups based on yield-specific combining ability data and phylogenetic relationship determined by RAPD markers for 28 tropical maize open pollinated varieties     

S.N. Parentoni  J.V. Magalhães  C.A.P. Pacheco  M.X. Santos  T. Abadie  E.E.G. Gama  P.E.O. Guimarães  W.F. Meirelles  M.A. Lopes  M.J.V. Vasconcelos  E. Paiva 《Euphytica》2001,121(2):197-208

Twenty eight maize open pollinated varieties (OPVs) were crossed in a diallel scheme and the 378 F₁'s were evaluated in 10 environments in Brazil. Based on yield-specific combining ability data (SCA), these varieties were classified in four heterotic groups. The consistence of the proposed heterotic groups was confirmed comparing intra- and inter-group F₁ values and midparent heterosis. Superior OPVs combinations for use as a source of inbreds in hybrid breeding programs were determined. RAPD markers were used to genotype these varieties. A UPGMA dendogram, based on marker data from 50 primers and 178 polymorphic bands, was obtained. Phylogeny obtained with RAPD markers agreed with known pedigree data. Dent germplasm tended to group separately from flint germplasm. Multidimensional Scaling Analysis on marker data and morphological data showed a higher degree of genetic divergence among the dent germplasm than among the flint germplasm used in this study. Correlation between RAPD marker estimated genetic distance and SCA for yield was low and positive (r = 0.16^**). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Molecular marker-assisted selection for development of common bean lines resistant to angular leaf spot   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

E. J. de  Oliveira  A. L. Alzate-Marin  A. Borém    S. de  Azeredo Fagundes  E. G. de  Barros  M. A. Moreira 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(6):572-575

The objective of this work was to develop homozygous common bean lines carrying angular leaf spot resistance genes derived from the cultivars ‘Mexico 54’, ‘MAR 2’ and ‘BAT 332’ through marker‐assisted selection. Molecular markers SCAR OPN02₈₉₀, RAPD OPE04₅₀₀ and OPAO12₉₅₀ linked to the resistance genes of ‘Mexico 54’, ‘MAR 2’ and ‘BAT 332’, respectively, were used in segregating backcross‐derived populations to selection. DNA fingerprinting was used to select homozygous BC₂F₃ and BC₁F₃ resistant plants genetically closer to the recurrent parent. Two homozygous BC₂F_2:3 and two and five BC₁F_2:3 families derived from ‘Ruda’ vs. ‘Mexico 54’ (RM), ‘MAR 2’ (RMA) and ‘BAT 332’ (RB) crosses were selected, respectively. After only one (RMA, RB) or two backcrosses (RM), five and eight BC₁F₃ lines derived from RMA and RB, respectively, and seven BC₂F₃ lines derived from RM, with 14.9–16.6, 16.9–18.6 and 9.3–11.1% of relative genetic distances to the recurrent parent were selected. This is the first report of lines resistant to angular leaf spot carrying genes of the cultivars ‘Mexico 54’, ‘MAR 2’ and ‘BAT 332’ developed with the aid of molecular markers.  相似文献   

Mapping QTLs for Witches' Broom (Crinipellis Perniciosa) Resistance in Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.)     

Fábio Gelape Faleiro  Vagner Tibaldi Queiroz  Uilson Vanderlei Lopes  Cláudia Teixeira Guimarães  José Luis Pires  Milton Macoto Yamada  Ioná Santos Araújo  Messias Gonzaga Pereira  Raymond Schnell  Gonçalo Apolinário de Souza Filho  Cláudia Fortes Ferreira  Everaldo Gonçalves Barros  Maurílio Alves Moreira 《Euphytica》2006,149(1-2):227-235

Molecular markers (RAPD, AFLP and microsatellites) were used to generate a linkage map and to identify QTLs associated to witches' broom (Crinipellis perniciosa) resistance in cacao (Theobroma cacao), using 82 individuals of an F₂ population derived from the clones ICS-1 (susceptible) and Scavina-6 (resistant). Fifteen evaluations of the number of brooms have been carried out in six years (1997–2002). In order to increase the precision and accuracy in the measures of resistance, each F₂ plant was cloned in three replications in a randomized block design with single-tree plots and evaluated over 2 years. Three hundred and forty-two markers were obtained, being 33 microsatellites, 77 AFLPs and 232 RAPDs. The distribution of the number of brooms in the F₂ population was skewed to resistance, suggesting the involvement of major genes controlling resistance and the repeatability estimated for resistance was 44%. A strong putative QTL was detected as being related to witches' broom resistance. Associated to this QTL, the microsatellite mTcCIR35 explained 35.5% of the phenotypic variation in resistance. This marker is being used for marker-assisted selection in Scavina-6 progenies, including those selected in private plantations, as an auxiliary tool to the phenotypic selection.  相似文献   

Genetic variability and predicted genetic gains for yield and laticifer system traits of rubber tree families     

André Luís Bombonato de Oliveira  Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa  Cecília Khusala Verardi  Guilherme Augusto Peres Silva  Paulo Souza de Gonçalves 《Euphytica》2015,203(2):285-293

  相似文献   

Characterization and selection of passion fruit (yellow and purple) accessions based on molecular markers and disease reactions for use in breeding programs     

C. B. M. Cerqueira-Silva  O. N. Jesus  E. J. Oliveira  E. S. L. Santos  A. P. Souza 《Euphytica》2015,202(3):345-359

  相似文献   

Responses to selection and changes in combining ability after three cycles of a modified reciprocal recurrent selection in maize     

Mateus Figueiredo Santos  Tassiano Maxwell Marinho Câmara  Gustavo Vitti Moro  Emiliano Fernandes Nassau Costa  Cláudio Lopes De Souza Jr 《Euphytica》2007,157(1-2):185-194

This research reports responses to selection and changes in general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities after three cycles of a modified reciprocal recurrent selection procedure (MRRS) in EPB-4 and EPB-5 maize populations. In the MRRS procedure a cycle can be completed in 1 or 2 years depending on the availability of winter breeding nurseries. The original and the three selection cycles of the two populations per se (eight entries) and the partial diallel developed from the crosses between them (16 entries) were evaluated in six environments. Realized response to selection on the population cross was 7.25% cycle⁻¹ for grain yield, −13.63% cycle⁻¹ for plant lodging, and 11.93% cyle⁻¹ for prolificacy, whereas plant and ear heights remained unchanged. GCA estimates increased with selection cycles for both populations for grain yield and prolificacy, and decreased for plant lodging, indicating that the frequency of favorable alleles with additive effects for these traits increased with the MRRS cycles in both populations. SCA estimates increased for grain yield and prolificacy indicating that the frequency of favorable complementary alleles at loci with non-additive effects in the reciprocal populations increased with the MRRS cycles. For grain yield, SCA effects increased more than GCA effects with selection cycles, indicating that MRRS exploited more the non-additive effects than the additive effects for the improvement of this trait. The overall results showed that the MRRS procedure was highly effective in improving the population cross, exploiting both GCA and SCA effects.  相似文献   

Cytological behaviour of the somatic hybrids Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa + P. cincinnata     

L. V. Barbosa    M. Mondin    C. A. Oliveira    A. P. Souza    M. L. C. Vieira 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(3):323-328

Meiosis and pollen viability of interspecific somatic hybrids, i.e. Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa , the yellow passion fruit +  P. cincinnata , a wild species, were examined and compared with their corresponding diploid fusion parents. Firstly, the cybrid nature of these hybrids was confirmed by leaf-stomatal measurements and RFLP analyses using four mitochondrial genes as probes. The meiotic behaviour revealed relatively high stability, with most of the hybrid cells showing 18 bivalents. Some instability, such as a quadrivalent configuration was also recorded which has been interpreted as an interchange that occurred in the progenitors more than as a result of in vitro culture or chromosome reorganization in the new genome. Even in low frequencies, the occurrence of univalents resulted in mis-division, laggard and micronucleus formation. High values of pollen viability (>70%) were found in the diploid parents as well as in the hybrid plants. The results are discussed in relation to the possibilities of applying somatic hybridization for improving passion fruit varieties.  相似文献   

Study of the genetic variability and similarity among and within Arachis villosulicarpa, A. pietrarellii and A. hypogaea through isoenzyme analysis     

Leticia Galgaro  Jose´ Francisco Montenegro Valls  Catalina Romero Lopes 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1997,44(1):9-15

Arachis villosulicarpa is a perennial species cultivated for its soft and tasty seeds by indigenous inhabitants of the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Besides A. hypogaea, this species is considered as the only species of Arachis which represents a valuable food source for human consumption. Due to the lack of knowledge concerning the genetic diversity of A. villosulicarpa, this study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability of the accessions from the Germplasm Collection of CENARGEN/EMBRAPA (Brasília, DF, Brazil) and Instituto Agrono^mico (IAC, Campinas, SP, Brazil). In addition, the genetic similarity between A. villosulicarpa, the related wild species A. pietrarellii, and the cultivated peanut A. hypogaea cv. Tatu was evaluated. From the entire sample analyzed of A. villosulicarpa, the accession from Instituto Agrono^mico showed the highest indices of diversity for both enzymatic systems analyzed, pointing this accession as a promising source of genetic variabil ity that must be preserved in the Germplasm Bank. A high level of genetic similarity was observed between A. pietrarellii and A. villosulicarpa, supporting previous suggestions that A. pietrarellii could be the ancestral progenitor species of A. villosulicarpa or that both species originated from a common ancestor.  相似文献