"Steal phenomenon" proposed as the cause of blindness after arterial occlusion for treatment of guttural pouch mycosis in horses     

D E Freeman  M W Ross  W J Donawick 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,197(7):811-812

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Mechanical comparison of materials used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle joint in dogs     

DD LEWIS  BK MILTHORPE  CR BELLENGER 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(12):890-896

Objective The mechanical properties of three materials (No. 2 polypropylene, No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 18, 27 and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material) commonly used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency were determined. The ability of No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material, when placed as extra-capsular sutures, to mitigate cranial drawer was evaluated in hindlimbs of cadavers. Design An in vitro mechanical study. Animals Seven pairs of hindlimbs harvested from adult greyhound dogs recently euthanased for other reasons. Procedure Samples of each material, including samples of 27 kg test leader material that had been sterilised by one of three methods (ethylene oxide, one or five cycles in an autoclave), were loaded to determine tensile and stress relaxation properties. The effect of cyclic loading on a No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 36 kg test leader material was also determined. Using the harvested hindlimbs, cranial drawer was measured before and after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament and on the first and twelfth cycle following extra-capsular stabilisation with either No. 5 polybu-tilate-coated multifilament suture or 36 kg test leader material. Results Leader material was found to have the most suitable mechanical characteristics for use as extracapsular stabilisation of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. Of the sterilisation methods, ethylene oxide was found to have the least detrimental effects on the handling and material characteristics of the leader material. Stifles stabilised with 36 kg test leader material had significantly less drawer than those stabilised with No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester suture. Clinical implications Monofilament nylon leader material would appear to have suitable mechanical properties for extra-capsular stabilisation of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. If possible the material should be sterilised using ethylene oxide.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the ELISA and comparison to the complement fixation test and radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay for detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine serum   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

M Bereiter  T F Young  H S Joo  R F Ross 《Veterinary microbiology》1990,25(2-3):177-192

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for detection of antibodies (Ab) against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and M. flocculare in sera from swine experimentally infected with these agents. In addition, the ELISA was compared with the complement fixation test (CFT), and radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay (RIDEA) for the demonstration of Ab against M. hyopneumoniae. Twenty two 6-week-old swine from a respiratory disease-free herd were divided into five groups. Two or three pigs from each of the four groups were inoculated, respectively, with M. hyopneumoniae or with M. flocculare while two pigs in each group were contact exposed to the inoculated penmates. A fifth group, consisting of three pigs, served as inoculated controls. Pigs inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae began coughing 13 days post inoculation (PI). Antibodies were first detected 2 weeks PI with the CFT, 3 weeks PI with the ELISA, and 5 weeks PI with the RIDEA. With the ELISA and RIDEA, Ab were still detectable one year PI at a very low level. With the CFT, Ab were not detectable in sera from any swine beyond 5 months PI. At necropsy 1 year PI, no lesions were detected in lungs of any of the animals nor were mycoplasmas detected. M. flocculare inoculated or contact-exposed pigs never evidenced clinical signs. Antibodies against M. flocculare were first detected 5 to 12 weeks PI with CFT, and 6 to 12 weeks PI with the ELISA. Peak optical density (OD) values obtained in the ELISA with M. flocculare Ab were as high as the values obtained with peak M. hyopneumoniae Ab titers. Levels of Ab against M. flocculare were at relatively higher OD at 1 year PI than Ab against M. hyopneumoniae. Sera with high levels of Ab against M. flocculare cross-reacted slightly with M. hyopneumoniae antigen in immunoblotting and ELISA.  相似文献   

Intermittment vomiting and weight loss in an old dog     

CR O'BRIEN  WT WONG 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(4):251-251

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A mathematical programming model of a crop-livestock farm system     

David A. Morrison  Ross S. Kingwell  David J. Pannell  Michael A. Ewing 《Agricultural Systems》1986,20(4):243-268

A whole-farm mathematical programming model has been built for dryland crop-livestock farms in Western Australia. The multidisciplinary approach used for model building is presented and the resulting model structure is described. It is a mixed integer programming model which represents, in some detail, the biological, technological and financial relationships of the farming system and stresses the interdependencies of enterprises. The model is used to investigate the extent to which positive interactions between different enterprises influence the optimal farm plan. The management issue considered is the division of land between crop and pasture production. It is concluded that, for the farming system considered, interactions do have an influence on profit and the optimal farm plan.  相似文献   

Nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R MALIK  P MARTIN  DI WIGNEY  DB CHURCH  W BRADLEY  CR BELLENGER  WA LAMB  VR BARRS  S FOSTER  S HEMSLEY  PJ CANFIELD  DN LOVE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(7):483-488

Naturally occurring cryptococcosis in five cats, a dog and a koala is described. Involvement of the nasopharynx was documented in all patients, and nasopharyngeal mass lesions accounted for the major presenting complaints in four. Signs referable to nasopharyngeal disease included snoring, stertor, inspiratory dyspnoea and aerophagia. Diagnoses were made by caudal rhinoscopy using a retroverted flexible endoscope, vigorous orthograde flushing with saline, or at necropsy. Concurrent cryptococcal rhinitis was present in all cases, although involvement appeared limited to the caudal nasal cavity in most cases. Typical signs of nasal cavity disease, such as sneezing and nasal discharge, were often absent. Treatment of nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis should include physical dislodgement or debulking of lesion(s) to provide immediate alleviation of upper airway obstruction, followed by systemic antifungal therapy to eliminate residual infection from the nasal cavity. Infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii accounted for a disproportionately large number of these cases.  相似文献   

Humoral and cellular immune responses of pigs inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S Messier  R F Ross  P S Paul 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(1):52-58

Cellular and humoral immune responses of pigs inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were investigated at postinoculation weeks (PIW) 2, 4, and 6. The response of blood lymphocytes (BL) and bronchial lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) to stimulation by M hyopneumoniae antigens was evaluated by a lymphocyte-stimulation test. Specific antibodies in serum and lung washing samples were assayed by ELISA. Immunoglobulin-positive cells in lungs and bronchial lymph nodes were identified by indirect fluorescent antibody test, using isotype-specific monoclonal antibodies. At PIW 0 to 6, BL from control and M hyopneumoniae-inoculated pigs were stimulated by M hyopneumoniae cells; however, BL from inoculated pigs generally had higher stimulation indices, especially at PIW 6. The response of LNL was influenced by previous exposure to M hyopneumoniae, as indicated by higher stimulation indices (P less than 0.01) of LNL from inoculated pigs killed at PIW 2 and 6. Specific ELISA antibodies to M hyopneumoniae in lung washings from inoculated pigs consisted mainly of IgG and IgA isotypes. Examination of lung sections by indirect immunofluorescence revealed that cells producing IgM and IgA were in controls as well as M hyopneumoniae-inoculated pigs, but IgG-positive cells were only in lungs of inoculated pigs. Resolution of pneumonia appeared to correlate with development of increased sensitization of BL, as well as development of marked increases in immunoglobulins, particularly IgG in lung washings at PIW 6.  相似文献   

Ileocecal intussusception in horses: 26 cases (1981-1988)     

T S Ford  D E Freeman  M W Ross  D W Richardson  B B Martin  J B Madison 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,196(1):121-126

The case records of 26 horses with ileocecal intussusception over a 7-year period were reviewed to determine clinical features of the disease and response to treatment. The median age of horses with ileocecal intussusception was 1 year and ranged from 2 weeks to 19 years. There was no apparent gender or breed predisposition to this disease. An acute form of ileocecal intussusception was diagnosed in 19 horses with signs of moderate to severe abdominal pain of less than or equal to 24 hours' duration, and a chronic form was diagnosed in 7 horses with signs of intermittent, mild to moderate abdominal pain of more than 3 days' duration. Horses with chronic ileocecal intussusception had a history of weight loss or failure to gain weight, slow growth, poor appetite, low-grade pyrexia, and postprandial signs of abdominal pain. At surgery, the involved segments of intestine (intussusceptum and intussuscipiens) in chronic cases were 2 to 10 cm long, and the ileum and much of the distal portion of the jejunum were flaccid, dilated, and thick walled. In the acute cases, the length of involved intestine ranged from 6 to 457 cm. Whereas only 1 of 7 chronic intussusceptions (14%) could be reduced, 9 of 19 (47%) acute intussusceptions were reducible. Surgical treatment included resection and jejunocecostomy (6 horses), partial resection through a cecotomy and a side-to-side jejunocecostomy (2 horses), and a side-to-side ileocecostomy or jejunocecostomy without resection (12 horses, 7 of which had chronic intussusception). Six horses with acute intussusception were euthanatized before or during surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci for phytate in rice grain and their relationship with grain micronutrient content   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

James C. R. Stangoulis  Bao-Lam Huynh  Ross M. Welch  Eun-Young Choi  Robin D. Graham 《Euphytica》2007,154(3):289-294

Phytate (inositol-hexa-phosphate) has an important role in plants but it also may have anti-nutritional properties in animals and humans. While there is debate within the plant breeding and nutrition communities regarding an optimum level in grain, there appears to be little information at the molecular level for the genetics of this trait, and its association with important trace elements, in particular, Fe and Zn. In this preliminary study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain phytates, Zn and Fe in glasshouse-grown rice lines from an IR64 × Azucena doubled haploid population were identified. Correlations between phytate and essential nutrients were also studied. Transgressive segregation was found for most traits. Phytate and total P concentrations had one QTL in common located on chromosome five with the (high concentration) allele contributed from Azucena. There were significant positive correlations between phytate and inorganic phosphorus (P), total P, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations for both grain concentration and content. However, the QTLs of phytate were not located on the same chromosomal regions as those found for Fe, Zn and Mn, suggesting that they were genetically different and thus using molecular markers in breeding and selection would modify the phytate level without affecting grain micronutrient density.  相似文献   

A comparison of constructed and natural habitat for frog conservation in an Australian agricultural landscape     

Donna Hazell  Jean-Marc Hero  Ross Cunningham 《Biological conservation》2004,119(1):61-71

Constructed ponds are an important consideration in the conservation of wetland biota in agricultural landscapes. Twenty-two natural ponds and 22 adjacent constructed ponds (farm dams) were surveyed on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales to compare patterns of use by frogs and develop frog conservation recommendations. Farm dams supported similar numbers of frog species to natural ponds, although differences in frog assemblage were observed between the pond types. Limnodynastes tasmaniensis and Uperolia laevigata were significantly more likely to occur at farm dams while L. peronii was more likely to occur at natural ponds. Results suggest waterbodies with high levels of emergent vegetation cover that lack fish are likely to support a high number of frog species, regardless of origin (i.e. natural or constructed). However, it is important for landholders to conserve natural waterbodies as these environments appear likely to support frog species that do not use farm dams.  相似文献