Under drought conditions NaCl improves the nutritional status of the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum but not of the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana     

Wen-Ying Wang  Wei-Wei Chai  Chang-Yu Zhao  Owen Rowland  Bao-Shan Wang  Xin Song  Ya-Qi Liu  Qing Ma  Suo-Min Wang 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(4):597-606

Zygophyllum xanthoxylum is a salt‐accumulating xerophytic species with excellent adaptability to adverse environments. Previous studies demonstrated that Z. xanthoxylum absorbs a great quantity of Na⁺ as an osmoregulatory substance under arid conditions. To investigate the nutritional status of Z. xanthoxylum in comparison with a typical glycophyte, Arabidopsis thaliana, seedlings were exposed to NaCl (50 mM for Z. xanthoxylum and 5 mM for A. thaliana), osmotic stress (–0.5 MPa), and osmotic stress combined with the NaCl treatment. Compared to the control, NaCl treatment or osmotic stress significantly increased Na⁺ concentration in leaves and roots of Z. xanthoxylum, but not of A. thaliana. Under osmotic stress, the addition of NaCl significantly increased Na⁺ concentration in leaves and roots of Z. xanthoxylum, resulting in improved biomass and tissue water content. However, such changes were not observed in A. thaliana. Compared to the control, K⁺ concentrations in leaves and roots remained unchanged in Z. xanthoxylum when exposed to osmotic stress, with or without additional 50 mM NaCl. In contrast, significant reductions in shoot K⁺ concentrations of A. thaliana were observed under osmotic stress alone or when combined with 5 mM NaCl. Moreover, NaCl alone or when combined with osmotic stress enhanced the accumulation of N, P, Fe, Si, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ in Z. xanthoxylum, but did not cause such nutritional changes in A. thaliana. Compared to the glycophyte A. thaliana, Z. xanthoxylum could accumulate Na⁺ and maintain the stability of nutritional status at a relatively constant level to cope with drought stress.  相似文献   

Drought responses of above‐ground and below‐ground characteristics in warm‐season turfgrass     

Jing Zhang  Bishow Poudel  Kevin Kenworthy  Joseph Bryan Unruh  Diane Rowland  John E. Erickson  Jason Kruse 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(1):1-12

Water shortages have become more chronic as periodic droughts prolong and water demand for urban and agricultural use increases. Plant drought responses involve coordinated mechanisms in both above‐ and below‐ground systems, yet most studies lack comparisons of root and canopy responses under water scarcity and recovery. This is particularly true of research focused on warm‐season turfgrasses in sandy soils with extremely low water holding capacity. To address the lack of examination of coordinated stress and recovery responses, this study compared the above‐ and below‐ground plant responses during a dry‐down period of 21 days and recovery among four warm‐season turfgrass species in the field. Canopy drought responses and recovery were quantified using digital image analysis. In situ root images were captured using a minirhizotron camera system. Common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] endured the entire drought period without losing 50% green cover while other species lost 50% green cover in 11–34 days predicted from the regression. The interspecific differences in drought resistance were mainly due to root characteristics. Other drought mechanisms appear to be responsible for differences identified in drought resistance between “Zeon” and “Taccoa Green” manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.]. Recovery was delayed for up to 2 weeks in the second year, warranting further evaluation for turfgrass persistence under long‐term drought. Three‐week drought posed no threat to the survival of zoysiagrass. Species and genotypic variations were found in achieving full post‐recovery, which can be used to develop water conservation strategies and to adjust consumer expectations.  相似文献   

PRRSV感染的神秘本质     

Raymond R.  R.Rowland  刘朝明  马洁莹 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2008,28(5)

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是动脉炎病毒属(Arterivirus)的一员,其他成员还包括小鼠乳酸脱氢酶-升高症病毒(Lactate Dehydrogenase-elevating Virus,LDV)、马动脉炎病毒(Equine Arteritis Virus,EAV)和猕猴出血热病毒(Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus,SHFV).  相似文献   

Molecular identification and functional expression of porcine Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR7   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sang Y  Yang J  Ross CR  Rowland RR  Blecha F 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,125(1-2):162-167

To investigate porcine Toll-like receptors (TLR) responding to viral pathogen associated molecular patterns, the full-length cDNA of porcine TLR3 and TLR7 were identified and characterized. Porcine TLR3 and TLR7 cDNA encode 904- and 1050-amnio-acid polypeptides, respectively. Both porcine TLR3 and TLR7 contain typical functional TLR domains and share about 80% sequence identity to other mammalian orthologues. Tissue expression profiles showed that TLR3 was highly expressed in kidney, duodenum, spleen and liver, and moderately expressed in bone marrow, lung, and skin. Conversely, TLR7 was moderately and constitutively expressed in all tissues evaluated. Stimulation of mammalian cells transfected with porcine TLR3 and TLR7 constructs with TLR3 and TLR7 agonists [poly (I:C) and imiquimod (R837), respectively], and adenovirus elicited activation of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). These data provide molecular and functional information for porcine TLR3 and TLR7, and implicate their role in mediating immune protection against porcine viral diseases.  相似文献   

Infection control practices employed within small animal veterinary practices—A systematic review     

Angela Willemsen  Rowland Cobbold  Justine Gibson  Kathryn Wilks  Sheleigh Lawler  Simon Reid 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(5):439-457

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Cold hardiness of southern-adapted blueberry (Vaccinium × hybrid) genotypes and the potential for their use in northern-adapted blueberry breeding     

M. K. Ehlenfeldt    L. J. Rowland    E. L. Ogden    B. T. Vinyard 《Plant Breeding》2009,128(4):393-396

Twelve southern-adapted blueberry genotypes, both southern highbush ( Vaccinium corymbosum L. introgressed with 2x V. darrowi Camp) and rabbiteye ( V. ashei Reade), were evaluated for bud development using a morphological scale and for mid-winter cold hardiness using a shoot freezing assay. The winter of 2006–2007 was particularly warm producing higher bud development scores for several of the genotypes and an apparent decrease of cold hardiness. Significant differences in LT₅₀ values (treatments causing 50% bud mortality) were observed among the genotypes in both years, with a significant clone × year interaction. The greatest range in LT₅₀ values occurred in 2007, when values ranged from −11.9°C for 'Millennia' to −25.5°C for 'Reveille', two southern highbush cultivars. Results suggest that germplasm selected in North Carolina might typically have sufficient cold hardiness to be used without concern as parental material in the development of blueberry germplasm with northern adaptation. Other more southern germplasm was generally less hardy and, if utilized as parental material, the resulting progeny would require greater scrutiny with regard to cold hardiness.  相似文献   

THE DIRECT EVALUATION OF PASTURE IN TERMS OF THE MILK PRODUCTION OF INDIVIDUALLY GRAZED COWS     

C. P. Cox    A. S. Foot    Z. D. Hosking    C. Line  S. J. Rowland 《Grass and Forage Science》1956,11(2):107-118

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THE ENSILING OF LUCERNE WITH ADDITION OF FORMIC AND GLYCOLLIC ACIDS, MOLASSES AND BARLEY MEAL, AND WITH WILTING     

J. C. Murdoch    D. A. Balch    A. S. Foot  S. J. Rowland 《Grass and Forage Science》1955,10(2):139-150

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Root architecture of sorghum genotypes differing in root angles under different water regimes     

Xi Liang  John E. Erickson  Wilfred Vermerris  Diane L. Rowland  Lynn E. Sollenberger  Maria L. Silveira 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2017,31(1):39-55

Plant root architecture offers the potential for increasing soil water accessibility, particularly under water-limited conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the root architecture in two genotypes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) differing in root angles and to assess the influence of different deficit irrigation regimes on root architecture. The response of two sorghum genotypes, ‘Early Hegari-Sart’ (EH; steep root angle) and ‘Bk7’ (shallow root angle) to four irrigation treatments was investigated in two replicated outdoor studies using large pots. The results indicated that EH possessed steeper brace and crown root angles, fewer brace roots, greater root biomass, and root length density than Bk7 at deeper soil depths (i.e., 15–30 and 30–45 cm) compared with a shallower depth (i.e., 0–15 cm). Across the soil profile, EH had greater root length density and length of roots of small diameter (<1 mm) than Bk7. Accordingly, EH showed more rapid soil-water capture than Bk7. Different levels of irrigation input greatly affected root architecture. Severe deficit irrigation (25% of full crop transpiration throughout the season) increased the angle and number of crown roots, root biomass, and root length density compared with 75 and 100% of full crop transpiration treatments. Consequently, root system architecture can be effectively manipulated through both genotypic selection and irrigation management to ensure optimal performance under different levels of soil available water.  相似文献   

DEAF-MUTE INSTRUCTION     

Rowland HA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1891,17(420):105-106

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