Early lesions of proliferative enteritis in pigs and hamsters   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

S McOrist  G H Lawson  A C Rowland  N MacIntyre 《Veterinary pathology》1989,26(3):260-264

Gnotobiotic pigs and conventional hamsters were given suspensions of intestinal mucosa from a pig with proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy and killed 10 or 21 days later. Affected animals had evidence of marked proliferation of immature enterocytes in the intestinal crypts. Numerous Campylobacter-like organisms were in the cytoplasm of enterocytes, and in some instances, bacteria were closely associated with enterocytes. Some intracellular bacteria lying below the microvillous border were within membrane-bound structures. Immunofluorescence and electron immunogold staining with specific antibodies indicated that these organisms were antigenically different from curved bacteria in the crypt lumen of early lesions. This study indicates that the life cycle of the intracellular organisms may involve entry into crypt enterocytes from the intestinal lumen with subsequent intracellular multiplication.  相似文献   

Disease-husbandry associations in farmed crocodiles in Queensland and the Northern Territory     

GN BUENVIAJE  PW LADDS  L. MELVILLE†  SC MANOLIS‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(6):165-173

SUMMARY To investigate husbandry-disease associations in farmed crocodiles 7 farms in Queensland and the Northern Territory were visited and details of past and present farm design and husbandry practices were recorded. In addition pathological examination of 300 (mostly young) crocodiles was carried out (85 necropsied, one biopsied and 214 examined retrospectively). Mortality rate and occurrence of disease, especially opportunistic infections with bacteria and fungi, were highest during winter months and in farms located at greater latitudes. A difference in the presence and prevalence of disease between the initial establishment phase of Northern Territory crocodile farms (1984–87) and currently (1988–91) was apparent; parasitic infections are now relatively infrequent and bacterial septicaemias and mycoses less common as a result of some provision of artificial heating for juveniles. Gross and microscopic changes observed in visceral and periarticular gout, bacterial hepatitis/septicaemia, deep and superficial mycosis, pentastomiasis and other parasitic infections are described.  相似文献   

Intestinal adenomatosis in the pig: histochemical and electron microscopic studies of the mucosa   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A C Rowland  G H Lawson  L Roberts 《Research in veterinary science》1978,24(2):191-199

Histochemical studies of normal and adenomatous intestinal mucosa of the pig showed the adenomatous epithelium to be deficient in enzymes normally found in mature absorptive cells. Electron microscopic studies confirmed that the adenomatous cells closely remsembled the crypt cells of normal mucosa.  相似文献   

Drip as Alternative Irrigation Method for Potato in Florida Sandy Soils   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. Reyes-Cabrera  L. Zotarelli  D. L. Rowland  M. D. Dukes  S. A. Sargent 《American Journal of Potato Research》2014,91(5):504-516

Seepage irrigation is the most common irrigation system for potato production in Florida, which relies on control of the water table to irrigate the crop. A 2-year trial was established to evaluate the feasibility of drip irrigation as an alternative to seepage for potato production. The performance of ‘Atlantic’, ‘Fabula’, and ‘Red LaSoda’ varieties were evaluated by comparing two drip tape installation depths, surface (SUR) and subsurface (SUB) with seepage (SEP). The overall potato total yield was 25.3; 19.2 and 29.9 Mg ha^?1 for SUR, SUB and SEP, respectively. The SUR and SEP treatments yielded similarly for ‘Fabula’ in both years and ‘Atlantic’ in 2011. The ‘Red LaSoda’ consistently obtained lower yields under both drip treatments compared to SEP. Conversely, drip irrigation promoted significant reduction of the incidence of tuber physiological disorders such as brown center, hollow heart, and internal heat necrosis.  相似文献   

The surface of Mars: the view from the viking 2 lander     

Mutch TA  Grenander SU  Jones KL  Patterson W  Arvidson RE  Guinness EA  Avrin P  Carlston CE  Binder AB  Sagan C  Dunham EW  Fox PL  Pieri DC  Huck FO  Rowland CW  Taylor GR  Wall SD  Kahn R  Levinthal EC  Liebes S  Tucker RB  Morris EC  Pollack JB  Saunders RS  Wolf MR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1976,194(4271):1277-1283

Viking 2 lander began imaging the surface of Mars at Utopia Planitia on 3 September 1976. The surface is a boulder-strewn reddish desert cut by troughs that probably form a polygonal network. A plateau can be seen to the east of the spacecraft, which for the most probable lander location is approximately the direction of a tongue of ejecta from the crater Mie. Boulders at the lander 2 site are generally more vesicular than those near lander i. Fines at both lander sites appear to be very fine-grained and to be bound in a duricrust. The pinkish color of the sky, similar to that observed at the lander I site, indicates suspension of surface material. However, the atmospheric optical depth is less than that at the lander I site. After dissipation of a cloud of dust stirred during landing, no changes other than those stemming from sampling activities have been detected in the landscape. No signs of large organisms are apparent at either landing site.  相似文献   

In vitro antioxidant activity and antigenotoxicity of 5-n-alkylresorcinols     

Parikka K  Rowland IR  Welch RW  Wähälä K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(5):1646-1650

Incubation with 5-n-alkylresorcinols (chain lengths C15:0, C17:0, C19:0, C21:0, and C23:0) increased the self-protection capacity of HT29 human colon cancer cells against DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and genotoxic fecal water samples using comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis assay). The alkylresorcinols did not exert potent antioxidant activity in the FRAP (ferric reduction ability of plasma) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical assays. However they were able to significantly inhibit copper-mediated oxidation of human LDL (low-density lipoprotein) in vitro, and pentadecylresorcinol at 25 micromol/L increased lag time by 65 min. The results show that alkylresorcinols have antigenotoxic and antioxidant activity under in vitro conditions.  相似文献   

Supplementation of selenium,vitamin E,chromium and betaine above recommended levels improves lactating performance of sows over summer     

Fan Liu  Jeremy James Cottrell  Cherie Louise Collins  David James Henman  Kirrily Sharon Beatrice O’Halloran  Frank Rowland Dunshea 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(7):1461-1469

Heat stress (HS) exacerbates the body weight loss of lactating sows and reduces litter weight gain. Selenium (Se), vitamin E (VE), chromium (Cr) and betaine have been shown to ameliorate symptoms of HS, and yeast nucleotides and mannan oligosaccharides have been reported to improve lactational performance and immune response in pigs. Therefore, a combination of these nutrients may improve lactational performance of sows in summer. The effects of two nutritionally enhanced diets on lactational performance of sows in summer were investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1, we compared the effects of a nutritionally fortified diet (0.4 ppm Se, 95 IU/kg VE, 0.4 ppm Cr and 0.2% betaine; named as SVCB diet) with the NRC 2012 standard diet (0.15 ppm Se, 44 IU/kg VE) on lactational performance of sows in summer. Results showed that the SVCB diet reduced body weight loss (P = 0.039) and tended to reduce backfat loss (P = 0.075) of sows without affecting feed intake, while litter weight gain was not influenced. In experiment 2, we further enhanced the nutrients in the SVCB diet (0.8 ppm Se, 1% yeast nucleotides, and 0.1% mannan oligosaccharides; named as SNM diet). Results showed that the SNM diet did not improve feed intake of sows, farrowing performance, or litter weight gain compared with the SVCB diet, but increased body weight loss of the third parity sows (P = 0.037). Overall, a combined supplementation of Se, VE, Cr, and betaine above the NRC recommended levels can reduce mobilisation of body reserve of lactating sows in summer.  相似文献   

Atmospheric residence time of CH3Br estimated from the junge spatial variability relation     

JJ Colman  DR Blake  FS Rowland 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5375):392-396

The atmospheric residence time for methyl bromide (CH3Br) has been estimated as 0.8 +/- 0.1 years from its empirical spatial variability relative to C2H6, C2Cl4, CHCl3, and CH3Cl. This evaluation of the atmospheric residence time, based on Junge's 1963 general proposal, provides an estimate for CH3Br that is independent of source and sink estimates. Methyl bromide from combined natural and anthropogenic sources furnishes about half of the bromine that enters the stratosphere, where it plays an important role in ozone destruction. This residence time is consistent with the 0.7-year value recently calculated for CH3Br from the combined strength estimates for its known significant sinks.  相似文献   

Use of formalin and copper to control ichthyophthiriosis in the Australian freshwater fish silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus Mitchell)     

Stuart J Rowland  Charlie Mifsud  Mark Nixon  Philip Read  Matthew Landos 《Aquaculture Research》2008,40(1):44-54

Infestations of the protozoan parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, cause the serious disease ichthyophthiriosis in freshwater fish throughout the world. Formalin is a recommended treatment for ichthyophthiriosis in the Australian fish silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus Mitchell), but the disease is difficult to control in ponds, particularly at low water temperatures. Experiments were carried out to develop an improved treatment regime for formalin and to evaluate copper as a therapeutant. Silver perch fingerlings infested with I. multifiliis were stocked into 55 L aquaria at temperatures of 14.8–17.6 °C and alkalinities of 70–110 mg L^?1. Formalin (34–38% formaldehyde) or copper (24.5% copper sulphate) were added to the aquaria and then monitored and readjusted to nominal concentrations daily. A concentration of 30 mg L^?1 formalin controlled ichthyophthiriosis, but fish treated with 20 mg L^?1 remained infested with theronts and trophonts on day 17; survival at both concentrations was 100%. A concentration of 10 mg L^?1 formalin did not control ichthyophthiriosis and all fish were dead from the infestation by day 17. Fish treated with 0.1 or 0.2 mg L^?1 copper were free of theronts and trophonts by days 17 and 14, respectively, and survival was 100%. Survival at 0.05 mg L^?1 copper was 100%, but fish remained infested. At 0.25 mg L^?1 copper, survival was 82.5% and there were no theronts or trophonts on gill and skin tissues of fingerlings by day 14. There was total mortality of fish treated with 0.5 or 1.0 mg L^?1 copper suggesting these concentrations are toxic to silver perch. All fish in infested‐control treatments died. In earthen ponds containing silver perch, 0.2 mg L^?1 copper was depleted to below 0.1 mg L^?1 within 24 h, and concentrations of 25–38 mg L^?1 formalin were depleted to below 15 mg L^?1 within 48 h. Treatment regimes involving daily applications of formalin or copper controlled ichthyophthiriosis in silver perch in earthen ponds at costs of $US466.37 and $US65.58 hectare^?1 day^?1 respectively. This study has developed a new formalin‐treatment regime for the control of ichthyophthiriosis, and demonstrated that copper sulphate is a potential therapeutant for this serious disease of silver perch.  相似文献   

Spontaneous storage-like disease in a rabbit     

J E Hill  P H Long  G N Rowland  J E Proctor 《Veterinary pathology》1988,25(1):91-92

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