Post-Partum Involution of the Canine Uterus – Gross Anatomical and Histological Features     

DC Orfanou  HN Ververidis  A Pourlis  IA Fragkou  AN Kokoli  CM Boscos  IA Taitzoglou  A Tzora  CM Nerou  L Athanasiou  GC Fthenakis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):152-155

We aimed to study the normal puerperium in the bitch. Ovariohysterectomy was performed in nine bitches, each at a different day after normal whelping; their genital tract was subject to gross anatomical examination, as well as to histological examination and electron microscopy scanning. Corpora albicans were evenly distributed in the left and right ovaries and placental sites were evenly distributed among left and right uterine horns. Placental sites were initially of dark green to grey colour, later becoming dark brown; their length and height progressively decreased. Height of the myometrium and diameter of the uterine glands progressively decreased. Trophoblast-like cells were consistently observed at the placental sites and on the surface of the interplacental areas, at all time points where hysterectomy had been performed. It is suggested that involution of the canine genital tract can last up to 3 months and is slow. Continuous (up to D84 post-partum) presence of prominent placental sites should be considered a normal feature of canine uterine post-partum involution.  相似文献   

Validation-study conclusions from dietary reports by fourth-grade children observed eating school meals are generalisable to dietary reports by comparable children not observed     

Smith AF  Baxter SD  Hardin JW  Guinn CH  Royer JA  Litaker MS 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(10):1057-1066

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of observing school meals on children's dietary reports. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: One hundred and twenty children randomly selected, but with half girls, from usual school-meal eaters among 312 volunteers (from all 443 fourth-grade children in six schools in one district). DESIGN: Children were assigned randomly to one of 12 conditions yielded by crossing observation status (observed; not observed), target period (previous day; prior 24 hours), and interview time (morning; afternoon; evening). RESULTS: Response variables included interview length, number of meals and snacks reported for the target period, and, for two school meals, number of meal components reported, importance-weighted number of items reported and kilocalories reported. These variables were transformed to principal components; two were retained (1, the school meal variables; 2, interview length and number of meals and snacks). Analyses of variance on principal component scores tested effects of observation status, target period, interview time and all interactions. Observation status did not affect scores on either retained principal component. Scores on Component 2 showed that more intake was reported in prior-24-hours interviews than in previous-day interviews. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of target period on reported intake indicates that the response variables were sufficiently reliable to detect manipulations. This, together with the finding that response variables did not depend on observation status, suggests that observation of school meals does not affect fourth-grade children's dietary reports, and that conclusions about dietary reports by fourth-grade children observed eating school meals in validation studies may be generalised to dietary reports by comparable children not observed.  相似文献   

The geological record of ocean acidification   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hönisch B  Ridgwell A  Schmidt DN  Thomas E  Gibbs SJ  Sluijs A  Zeebe R  Kump L  Martindale RC  Greene SE  Kiessling W  Ries J  Zachos JC  Royer DL  Barker S  Marchitto TM  Moyer R  Pelejero C  Ziveri P  Foster GL  Williams B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6072):1058-1063

Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however, assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations are limited by their reduced ecologic complexity and sample period, respectively. In contrast, the geological record contains long-term evidence for a variety of global environmental perturbations, including ocean acidification plus their associated biotic responses. We review events exhibiting evidence for elevated atmospheric CO(2), global warming, and ocean acidification over the past ~300 million years of Earth's history, some with contemporaneous extinction or evolutionary turnover among marine calcifiers. Although similarities exist, no past event perfectly parallels future projections in terms of disrupting the balance of ocean carbonate chemistry-a consequence of the unprecedented rapidity of CO(2) release currently taking place.  相似文献   

Genotypic diversity in field isolates of Babesia bovis from cattle with babesiosis after vaccination     

AE LEW  RE BOCK  JM CROFT  CM MINCHIN  TG KINGSTON  RJ DALGLIESH 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(8):575-578

Objective To determine whether particular genotypes of Babesia bovis were common to field isolates obtained from cattle properties in Queensland where the B bovis vaccine had apparently failed.
Design A comparative study of polymerase chain reaction genotypes in different populations of B bovis .
Procedure Two polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to analyse DNA extracts of B bovis vaccine (K, T and Dixie strains) and 27 field isolates from 24 properties where disease outbreaks had occurred despite the use of the vaccine. To evaluate the stability of the genotypes identified, 11 of the field isolates were inoculated into experimental cattle that had either been previously vaccinated with T strain or not vaccinated.
Results No particular genotype of B bovis was responsible for the problems observed in previously vaccinated herds. None of the isolates had genotypes identical to the vaccine strains used. No geographic trends among the genotypes were observed. Isolates that originated from the same property also had different genotypes. Blood passage of the 11 field isolates in either previously vaccinated or nonvaccinated cattle did not alter the original genotype.
Conclusion No particular genotypes identified by the Bv80 and BvVA1 polymerase chain reaction assays could be associated with vaccine failures.  相似文献   

Vascular hamartomas of the dorsal carpal region in three young thoroughbred horses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CM COLBOURNE  JV YOVICH  RB RICHARDS  KJ ROSE  CR HUXTABLE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(1):20-23

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Cervical diskospondylitis in two horses     

CM COLBOURNE  SL RAIDAL  JV YOVICH  JMcC HOWELL  JL RICHARDSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(7):477-479

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Congenital lymphoedema in an Ayrshire-Friesian crossbred female calf     

CM MULEI  RB ATWELL 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(7):227-228

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Vitrification with Glutamine Improves Maturation Rate of Vitrified / Warmed Immature Bovine Oocytes     

C Yamada  WB Feitosa  R Simões  AC Nicacio  CM Mendes  MEOA Assumpção  JA Visintin 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):173-176

The current study examined the protective effects of l ‐glutamine and cytochalasin B during vitrification of immature bovine oocytes. Oocyte vitrification solution (PBS supplemented with 10% FCS, 25% EG, 25% DMSO and 0.5 m trehalose) was the vitrification control. Treatments were the addition of 7 μg/ml cytochalasin B, 80 mm glutamine or both cytochalasin and glutaminine for 30 s. After warming, oocytes were matured in vitro for 24 h, fixed and stained with Hoechst (33342) for nuclear maturation evaluation. l ‐glutamine improved the vitrified/warmed immature bovine oocytes viability (32.8%), increasing the nuclear maturation rates compared to other treatments and the no treatment vitrified control (17.4%). There was, however, no effect of cytochalasin B on in vitro maturation (14.4%).  相似文献   

Molecular Basis of Gene-for-Gene Specificity in Bacterial Speck Disease of Tomato   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

SR Scofield  CM Tobias  JP Rathjen  JH Chang  DT Lavelle  RW Michelmore  BJ Staskawicz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5295):2063-2065

Transient expression of the Pseudomonas syringae avirulence gene avrPto in plant cells resulted in a Pto-dependent necrosis. The AvrPto avirulence protein was observed to interact directly with the Pto resistance protein in the yeast two-hybrid system. Mutations in the Pto and avrPto genes which reduce in vivo activity had parallel effects on association in the two-hybrid assay. These data suggest that during infection the pathogen delivers AvrPto into the plant host cell and that resistance is specified by direct interaction of Pto with AvrPto.  相似文献   

Connectivity and management of caribbean coral reefs     

CM Roberts 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5342):1454-1457

Surface current patterns were used to map dispersal routes of pelagic larvae from 18 coral reef sites in the Caribbean. The sites varied, both as sources and recipients of larvae, by an order of magnitude. It is likely that sites supplied copiously from "upstream" reef areas will be more resilient to recruitment overfishing, less susceptible to species loss, and less reliant on local management than places with little upstream reef. The mapping of connectivity patterns will enable the identification of beneficial management partnerships among nations and the design of networks of interdependent reserves.  相似文献