Tracking the evolution of a hydrothermal event plume with a RAFOS neutrally buoyant drifter     

JE Lupton  ET Baker  N Garfield  GJ Massoth  RA Feely  JP Cowen  RR Greene  TA Rago 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5366):1052-1055

The migration and evolution of a deep ocean hydrothermal event plume were tracked with a neutrally buoyant RAFOS float. The float remained entrained in the plume for 60 days, and the plume vorticity was calculated directly from the anticyclonic motion of the float. Concentrations of suspended particles, particulate iron, and dissolved manganese in the plume did not decay significantly during the 60 days, which indicates that event plumes would be easily detectable a year after formation.  相似文献   

Investigations into the temporal development of epitheliocystis infections in brown trout: a histological study          下载免费PDF全文

B Vidondo  L Vaughan  J‐F Rubin  H Segner  S Samartin  H Schmidt‐Posthaus 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(6):811-819

Epitheliocystis in Swiss brown trout (Salmo trutta) is a chlamydial infection, mainly caused by Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis and Candidatus Clavichlamydia salmonicola. To gain a better understanding of the temporal development of infections in wild brown trout, we investigated epitheliocystis infections during the course of the summer and autumn months of a single year (2015), and compared this to sampling points over the span of the years 2012–2014. The survey focused on tributaries (Venoge and Boiron) of the Rhone flowing in to Lake Geneva. When evaluated histologically, epitheliocystis infections were found throughout the period of investigation with the exception of the month of June. Fifty to 86 animals per sampling were investigated. Highest prevalence and infection intensities were seen in September. A correlation between epitheliocystis infection and water temperatures was not evident. Interyear comparison revealed consistent levels of prevalence and infection intensities in late summer. The absence of infections in June, combined with the consistent interyear results, indicates seasonal fluctuation of epitheliocystis infections in brown trout with a reservoir persisting during winter months from which infections can re‐initiate each year. This could either be at levels below detection limits within the brown trout population itself or in an alternative host.  相似文献   

Seizures during medetomindine sedation and local anaesthesia in two dogs undergoing skin biopsy   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

JE Rainger  CG Baxter  LJ Vogelnest  CM Dart 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(5):188-192

Each of two dogs presented for multiple skin biopsies were sedated with intravenous medetomidine and lignocaine was injected subcutaneously to provide local anaesthesia for skin biopsy. One dog had a seizure during skin biopsy and again immediately following reversal of medetomidine with atipamezole. The other dog developed seizures 2 h following skin biopsy at which time the medetomidine was reversed with atipamezole. Both dogs were neurologically normal with no history of seizures prior to the procedure and remained neurologically normal for 14 weeks and 9 months, respectively, following the procedure. A drug interaction between the α₂-adrenergic agonist medetomidine and lignocaine is suspected and highlights the potential for seizures following the subcutaneous administration of relatively large doses of lignocaine under medetomidine sedation.  相似文献   

Social vulnerability to climate‐induced natural disasters: Cross‐provincial evidence from Vietnam     

Olivier Rubin 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2014,55(1):67-80

This paper conducts an analysis of the socioeconomic determinants of Vietnam's cross‐provincial variations in natural disaster vulnerability. The purpose is twofold: (i) to capture disaggregated vulnerability variations normally obscured by national statistics, thereby providing more nuanced insights into Vietnam's vulnerability to natural disasters; and (ii) to take advantage of the fact that the overall political system and key institutional structures to a large extent are constant across Vietnam's provinces, which makes the analysis a novel addition to the many disaster studies based on cross‐national variations. The paper's analysis indicates that much of Vietnam's cross‐provincial variations in natural disaster fatalities and economic costs can be explained by differences in key socioeconomic factors. High provincial rates of inequality, poverty and infant mortality, for instance, appear to drive up natural disaster fatalities. Local adaptation efforts should focus as much on these broader socioeconomic dimensions as they focus on the geophysical susceptibility to natural hazards of individual areas.  相似文献   

Development of a Multivariate Predictive Model to Estimate Ionized Calcium Concentration from Serum Biochemical Profile Results in Dogs          下载免费PDF全文

J. Danner  M.D. Ridgway  S.I. Rubin  K. Le Boedec 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(5):1392-1402

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Assessing the productivity of indigenous chickens in an extensive management system in southern Nyanza, Kenya   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Portas Odula Olwande  William O. Ogara  Samwel O. Okuthe  Gerald Muchemi  Edward Okoth  Maurice O. Odindo  Rubin F. Adhiambo 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(2):283-288

The present study was conducted to assess the performance of indigenous chickens under extensive system in southern Nyanza, Kenya. The study was carried out in two phases in Komolorume and Kawere villages in Rongo and Rachuonyo districts, respectively. The first phase was a cross-sectional study in 81 farms selected by cluster sampling to get the overview of the indigenous chicken production. A four-month prospective longitudinal study in 60 farms randomly selected from the previous 81 farms followed. Mean flock sizes per household were 20 and 18 birds in Komolorume and Kawere, respectively. Overall mean flock size was 19 birds ranging from 1to 64. The mean clutch size, egg weight and hatchability were 12 eggs, 48 g and 81% respectively in Komolorume and 10 eggs, 45 g and 70%, respectively, in Kawere. The chick survival rates to the age of eight weeks were 13% and 10% in Komolorume and Kawere, respectively. Mean live weights for cocks and hens were 2096 g and 1599 g in Komolorume and 2071 g and 1482 g in Kawere, respectively. The mean household cock to hen ratio was 2:5 and 2:4 for Komolorume and Kawere, respectively. The mean chick to grower to adult ratio per household was 8: 6:6 in Komolorume and 8:4:6 in Kawere. Clutch sizes and hatchability rates were significantly higher in Komolorume village (P?<?0.5). The productivity of the indigenous chickens was shown to be low compared to that of the improved chickens in other parts of the world.  相似文献   

The Effect of a Chronic Stressor, Lameness, on Detailed Sexual Behaviour and Hormonal Profiles in Milk and Plasma of Dairy Cattle     

SL Walker  RF Smith  DN Jones  JE Routly  MJ Morris  H Dobson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(1):109-117

The objectives of the present study were to quantify the effects of a biological chronic stressor (lameness) on the duration and frequency of different oestrous behaviours in parallel with milk hormone profiles. Dairy cows 51.8 ± 1.4 days postpartum (n = 59), including 18 non‐lame control cows, were scored for lameness and closely observed for signs of oestrus having had their follicular phases synchronized by administration of gonadotrophin‐releasing‐hormone (GnRH) followed by prostaglandin F_2α (PG) 7 days later. Lameness shortened the period when herd‐mates attempted to mount the lame cows (1.83 ± 0.69 h vs 5.20 ± 1.53 h; p = 0.042) but did not affect the overall duration of total behaviours (lame 12.3 ± 1.3 h vs non‐lame 15.2 ± 1.3 h). Lameness also lowered the intensity of oestrus [1417 ± 206 points (n = 18) vs 2260 ± 307 points (n = 15); p = 0.029]. Throughout the synchronized oestrous period, lame cows mounted the rear of herd‐mates less frequently (p = 0.020) and tended to chin rest less (p = 0.075). Around the period of maximum oestrous intensity, lameness also diminished the proportion of cows mounting the rear of another cow and chin resting (p = 0.048, p = 0.037, respectively). Furthermore, lame cows had lower progesterone values during the 6 days before oestrous (p ≤ 0.05). Fewer lame cows were observed in oestrus following PG (non‐lame 83%, lame 53%; p = 0.030); however, if prior progesterone concentrations were elevated, lame cows were just as likely to be observed in oestrus. In conclusion, following endogenous progesterone exposure, lameness shortens the period when herd‐mates attempt to mount lame cows but does not affect the incidence of oestrous. However, lame cows are mounted less frequently and express oestrus of lower intensity. This is associated with lower progesterone prior to oestrus but not with abnormal oestradiol or cortisol profiles in daily milk samples.  相似文献   

Effects of Activin A on the In Vitro Development and mRNA Expression of Bovine Embryos Cultured in Chemically‐Defined Two‐Step Culture Medium     

JE Park  HJ Oh  SG Hong  G Jang  MK Kim  BC Lee 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):585-593

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Intrinsic differences of sensory analysis from instrumental evaluation on fabric softness by lateral compression     

Jiyong Hu  Xin Ding  Rubin Wang  Cencen Cai 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(3):371-378

All kinds of instrumental testing methods have been attempted to substitute for sensory analysis of fabric softness, however, the prediction performance is poor. This alone necessitates a deep investigation and understanding of the difference between sensory analysis and instrumental testing under the comparable constrained conditions. By establishing an equivalent biomechanical model to the handling manner in which human fingers sense lateral compression properties of fabric, the mechanistic principle of sensory evaluation on fabric softness property is explored and compared with instrumental testing principle by two proposed indexes, namely the mechanical sensitivity of touch receptors and the sensory sensitivity of human tactile system. The results show that the mechanical sensitivity of human touch receptors leads to the intrinsic difference of sensory analysis from instrumental test on fabric softness by lateral compression. The mechanical sensitivity monotonously changes with the scaling coefficients and the stiffness coefficients of quasi-static and nonlinear compression deformation characterizing both fabric and human skin. The sensory sensitivity depends on both the mechanical sensitivity and the ability of human central system to interpret the information from the peripheral nervous system. The conclusion is that the two-level sensitivity leads to the intrinsic difference between sensory analysis and instrumental evaluation on fabric softness by lateral compression.  相似文献   

Effects of Superoxide Disrnutase and Allopurinol on the Survival of Acute Island Skin Flaps     

Im MJ  Manson PN  Bulkely GB  Hooper JE 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(3):234-234

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