Trypanocidal activity of extracts and fractions of Bertholletia excelsa     

Campos FR  Januário AH  Rosas LV  Nascimento SK  Pereira PS  França SC  Cordeiro MS  Toldo MP  Albuquerque S 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(1):26-29

Crude extracts and fractions of Bertholletia excelsa stem barks were tested for trypanocidal activity. Acetone and methanol extracts showed significant in vitro trypanocidal activity against trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi since in the concentration of 500 microg/ml, the parasites were reduced in 100% and 90.3% respectively, whereas the triterpene betulinic acid pure isolated from hexane extract presented 75.4%.  相似文献   

III. Buchbesprechungen     

Huber  Bernhart  M. postner  Rudolf Mayer  H. Mayer  Ernst 《European Journal of Forest Research》1959,78(3-4):122-128

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Veränderungen des Volumenzuwachses der Waldkiefer (Pinus silvestris) im Zusammenhang mit Nadelverlusten     

Rudolf Petráš  Julián Mecko 《European Journal of Forest Research》2003,122(2):115-126

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Modeling spatial variability in the life-cycle costs of low-volume forest roads     

Jürg Andreas Stückelberger  Hans Rudolf Heinimann  Edouard Charles Burlet 《European Journal of Forest Research》2006,125(4):377-390

Cost estimation is probably the most decisive factor in the process of computer-aided, preliminary planning for low-volume road networks. However, the cost of construction is normally assumed to be route-independent for a specific project area, resulting in sub-optimal layouts. This is especially true for mountainous terrain and in areas with unstable subsoil. Here, we present a model for more accurately estimating spatial variability in road life-cycle costs, based on terrain surface properties as well as geological properties of the subsoil. This parametric model incorporates four structural components: embankment, retaining structures, pavement, and drainage and stream-crossing structures. It is linked to a geo-database that allows users to derive location-specific parameter values as input. In applying this model, we have demonstrated that variability in costs ranges widely for mountainous areas, with the most expensive construction being approximately five times greater there than on more favorable sites. This variability strongly affects the optimal layout of a road network. First, when location-specific slope gradients are considered, costs are reduced by about 17% from those calculated via currently available engineering practices; when both slope gradient and geotechnical formations are included, those costs are decreased by about 20%. Second, the length of the road network is increased by about 4% and 10% respectively, compared with current practices.  相似文献   

III. Buchbesprechungen     

Huber  Bernhart  M. postner  Rudolf Mayer  H. Mayer und Ernst 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1959,78(3-4):122-128

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

A preliminary trial of the sedation induced by intranasal administration of midazolam alone or in combination with dexmedetomidine and reversal by atipamezole for a short‐term immobilization in pigeons          下载免费PDF全文

Slavomir Hornak  Tomas Liptak  Valent Ledecky  Rudolf Hromada  Jan Bilek  David Mazensky  Vladimir Petrovic 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(2):192-196

ObjectiveTo assess the sedative and immobilization effect of intranasal administration (INS) of midazolam (MID) without or with INS dexmedetomidine (DXM), and some physiological changes induced by the drugs. The ability of INS atipamezole to reverse the DXM component was also assessed.Study designProspective ‘blinded’ experimental study.AnimalsIn total, 15 pigeons.MethodsPigeons were sedated by INS MID alone at a dose of 5 mg kg⁻¹ (group MID, n = 6) or in combination with INS DXM at a dose 80 μg kg⁻¹ (group MID-DXM, n = 6). Measurements were made of heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f_R) and cloacal temperature (CT). The degree of sedation was assessed at 15 minutes prior to, immediately after, and at intervals until 100 minutes after drug administrations. Following MID-DXM, INS atipamezole (250 μg kg⁻¹) was administered and the same indices measured 5 and 10 minutes later.ResultsMID had no effect on HR and f_R, and although CT decreased, it remained within physiological range. MID-DXM caused significant falls in HR, f_R and CT that persisted until the end of sedation. Atipamezole antagonized sedation and cardiorespiratory side effects of MID-DXM within 10 minutes of application. In addition, for MID compared to MID-DXM, the lowest sedation scores [10 (7–14) and 10.5 (5–14) versus 2 (1–4) and 2 (1–5)] were achieved in the 10th and 20th minute versus the 20th and 30th minute of the sedation, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevanceMID alone, given INS had minimal side effects on vital functions but caused inadequate immobilization of pigeons for restraint in dorsal recumbency. MID-DXM caused an effective degree of immobilization from 20 to 30 minutes after administration, at which time birds tolerated postural changes without resistance. Atipamezole antagonized both side effects and sedation, but complete recovery had not occurred within 10 minutes after its application.  相似文献   

Role of phospholipase A2 in the induction of drip loss in porcine muscle     

Poulsen KA  Young JF  Theil P  Kolko M  Oksbjerg N  Lambert IH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(5):1970-1976

The role of phospholipase A2 in the induction of drip loss from pig muscle has been investigated. In samples from porcine M. longissimus dorsi, total PLA2 activity as well as mRNA and protein levels of the group VIA iPLA2 (iPLA2-VIA) increased during the initial 4 h post-mortem period. Morphological studies of porcine muscle showed that at 4 h post-mortem, gaps had formed between muscle fibers and that the sarcolemma membrane borders appeared blurred. At the same time iPLA2-VIA protein levels were increased inside muscle fibers and at the sarcolemma. iPLA2-VIA mRNA abundance in samples from different breeds of pigs with variations in drip loss revealed no clear correlation between drip loss level and iPLA2-VIA expression. Together, these data indicate that during the post-mortem period, iPLA2-VIA expression and activity is increased at the muscle fiber membranes. PLA2 activity may affect membrane permeability and consequently the progression of drip formation in porcine muscle.  相似文献   

Glycoprofiling of bifidobacterial consumption of human milk oligosaccharides demonstrates strain specific, preferential consumption of small chain glycans secreted in early human lactation   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LoCascio RG  Ninonuevo MR  Freeman SL  Sela DA  Grimm R  Lebrilla CB  Mills DA  German JB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(22):8914-8919

The molecular basis by which human breast milk supports the development of a protective intestinal microbiome in infants is unknown. After lactose and lipids, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are quantitatively the third largest and most diverse component of breast milk. In this work, glycomic profiling of HMO consumption by bifidobacteria using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry reveals that one species, Bifidobacterium longum biovar infantis ATCC 15697, an isolate from the infant gut, preferentially consumes small mass oligosaccharides, representing 63.9% of the total HMOs available. These HMOs were detected in human breast milk at the onset and constantly through the first month of lactation by use of high performance liquid chromatography-chip time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Further characterization revealed that strain ATCC 15697 possesses both fucosidase and sialidase activities not present in the other tested strains. This work provides evidence that these small mass HMOs are selectively metabolized by select bifidobacterial strains and represent a potential new class of bioactive molecules functioning as prebiotics to facilitate a protective gut colonization in breast-fed newborns.  相似文献   

The relative influence of catchment and site variables on fish and macroinvertebrate richness in cerrado biome streams     

Diego R. Macedo  Robert M. Hughes  Raphael Ligeiro  Wander R. Ferreira  Miriam A. Castro  Nara T. Junqueira  Deborah R. Oliveira  Kele R. Firmiano  Philip R. Kaufmann  Paulo S. Pompeu  Marcos Callisto 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(6):1001-1016

Landscape and site-scale data analyses aid the interpretation of biological data and thereby help us develop more cost-effective natural resource management strategies. Our study focused on environmental influences on stream assemblages and we evaluated how three classes of environmental variables (geophysical landscape, land use and cover, and site habitat), influence fish and macroinvertebrate assemblage richness in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. We analyzed our data through use of multiple linear regression (MLR) models using the three classes of predictor variables alone and in combination. The four MLR models explained dissimilar amounts of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness (geophysical landscape R ² ≈ 35 %, land use and cover R ² ≈ 28 %, site habitat R ² ≈ 36 %, and combined R ² ≈ 51 %). For fish assemblages, geophysical landscape, land use and cover, site habitat, and combined models explained R ² ≈ 28 %, R ² ≈ 10 %, R ² ≈ 31 %, and R ² ≈ 47 % of the variability in fish species richness, respectively. We conclude that (1) environmental variables differed in the degree to which they explain assemblage richness, (2) the amounts of variance in assemblage richness explained by geophysical landscape and site habitat were similar, (3) the variables explained more variability in macroinvertebrate taxa richness than in fish species richness, and (4) all three classes of environmental variables studied were useful for explaining assemblage richness in Cerrado headwater streams. These results help us to understand the drivers of assemblage patterns at regional scales in tropical areas.  相似文献   

Phaseolus vulgaris L. Leaves Increase Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Production,Ameliorating Early Metabolic Alterations     

Becerril-Campos  Adriana Araceli  Ocampo-Anguiano  Perla Viridiana  Mondragón-Jacobo  Candelario  Escobar-García  Konisgmar  Camacho-Barrón  Mariela  Anaya-Loyola  Miriam Aracely  Feregrino-Perez  Ana Angélica  García-Gasca  Teresa  Ahumada-Solórzano  Santiaga Marisela 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2022,77(3):421-426

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - High-fat/high-fructose diets promote early metabolic disorders in weight and lipid and glucose metabolism. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and fiber...  相似文献