Concurrent infection with Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii species complex and Mycobacterium avium affecting the subcutis and bone of a pelvic limb in a cat     

Graham KJ  Brain PH  Spielman D  Martin PA  Allan GS  Malik R 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(10):776-780

This paper describes a cat with severe localised infections with Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii species complex and Mycobacterium avium affecting the subcutis and underlying fascia and bone of the right pelvic limb. The simultaneous isolation of both pathogens in this patient was unexpected and posed unique issues concerning both diagnosis and clinical management. The aetiopathogenesis of this infection is discussed in relation to aspects of diagnosis and therapy.  相似文献   

Menin controls growth of pancreatic beta-cells in pregnant mice and promotes gestational diabetes mellitus     

Karnik SK  Chen H  McLean GW  Heit JJ  Gu X  Zhang AY  Fontaine M  Yen MH  Kim SK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5851):806-809

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Simulation of soil organic carbon dynamics under different pasture managements using the RothC carbon model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

De Li Liu  K. Yin Chan  Mark K. Conyers  Guangdi Li  Graeme J. Poile 《Geoderma》2011,165(1):69-77

Recently, soil carbon sequestration in agro-ecosystems has been attracting significant interest as soil organic carbon (SOC) can potentially offset some atmospheric carbon dioxide. The objectives of this study were to use the RothC model to simulate soil carbon sequestration and determine the proportion of pasture production as carbon input for SOC sequestration under different pasture types and pasture management in a long term experiment established in 1992. There were two types of pastures, annual and perennial pastures, with or without application of limestone. Simulation results showed that with an initial setting for the stubble retention factor of 0.65 and root/shoot ratio of 0.5 for annual pasture and 1.0 for perennial pasture, RothC can adequately simulate SOC for both pasture types, especially annual pasture. Using an inverse modelling technique, the root/shoot ratio was determined as 0.49 and 0.57 for annual pasture and 0.72 and 0.76 for perennial pasture with and without limestone application, respectively. There was a large improvement in model performance for perennial pasture with and without limestone application. The root mean squared errors (RMSE) reduced from 3.19 and 2.99 t C ha⁻¹ in the initial settings to 2.09 and 2.10 t C ha⁻¹, while performance efficiency (PE) increased from 0.89 and 0.91 to the same value of 0.95 when the root/shoot ratio of 0.72 and 0.76 were used for limed and unlimed perennial pastures. However, there was little improvement for annual pasture as RMSE had little change and PE was the same. As the stubble retention factor and root/shoot ratio can be combined into one factor that measures an equivalent amount of total above-ground pasture production allocated for soil carbon input, the modelled results can be summarised as 1.2 times and 1.4 times the above-ground dry matter for annual and for perennial pasture, respectively, regardless of liming. Our results provide useful information for simulation of soil carbon sequestration under continuous pasture systems.  相似文献   

Genetics. Genomic research and human subject privacy     

Lin Z  Owen AB  Altman RB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5681):183

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Control of pancreas and liver gene expression by HNF transcription factors     

Odom DT  Zizlsperger N  Gordon DB  Bell GW  Rinaldi NJ  Murray HL  Volkert TL  Schreiber J  Rolfe PA  Gifford DK  Fraenkel E  Bell GI  Young RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5662):1378-1381

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Robotic observations of enhanced carbon biomass and export at 55 degrees during SOFeX     

Bishop JK  Wood TJ  Davis RE  Sherman JT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5669):417-420

Autonomous floats profiling in high-nitrate low-silicate waters of the Southern Ocean observed carbon biomass variability and carbon exported to depths of 100 m during the 2002 Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX) to detect the effects of iron fertilization of surface water there. Control and "in-patch" measurements documented a greater than fourfold enhancement of carbon biomass in the iron-amended waters. Carbon export through 100 m increased two- to sixfold as the patch subducted below a front. The molar ratio of iron added to carbon exported ranged between 10(4) and 10(5). The biomass buildup and export were much higher than expected for iron-amended low-silicate waters.  相似文献   

High rectal temperature indicates an increased risk of unexpected recovery in anaesthetized badgers     

McLaren GW  Thornton PD  Newman C  Buesching CD  Baker SE  Mathews F  Macdonald DW 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(1):48-52

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with sudden early recovery (SER) from anaesthesia in badgers (Meles meles). STUDY DESIGN: Experimental trial. ANIMALS: Ninety-three adult wild badgers. METHODS: Animals were randomly assigned to receive one of four anaesthetics based on medetomidine (M) ketamine (K) and butorphanol (B) combined in different ratios: (i) MKB 20:40:80 microg kg(-1); (ii) MKB 20:40:60 microg kg(-1); (iii) MKB 20:60:40 microg kg(-1); and (iv) ketamine alone 0.2 mg kg(-1). For each animal, induction time was measured and physiological variables (heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature) were recorded at 5-minute intervals during anaesthesia. Cases of SER were recorded and binary logistic regression applied to identify predictive factors. RESULTS: Fourteen animals (15%) exhibited SER. Rectal temperature was the only variable that was a significant predictor of SER. Animals showing SER had significantly higher rectal temperatures which, in contrast to other cases, did not fall during the first 10 minutes of anaesthesia, which was when most SERs occurred. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We recommend that (i) rectal temperature is closely monitored during wild badger anaesthesia and (ii) that animals with higher than expected temperatures are treated with additional caution.  相似文献   

Soil carbon availability affects nitrogen transformation under irrigated lucerne     

Adriano S. NASCENTE  Jonathan NU?EZ  Scott L. GRAHAM  Gabriel Y. K. MOINET  John E. HUNT  Graeme N. D. ROGERS  David WHITEHEAD 《土壤圈》2021,31(6):977-980

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Quantifying links between instream woody habitat and freshwater fish species in south‐eastern Australia to inform waterway restoration     

Zeb Tonkin  Adrian Kitchingman  Ben Fanson  Jarod Lyon  Renae Ayres  Joanne Sharley  Wayne M. Koster  Justin O'Mahony  Graeme Hackett  Paul Reich  Robin Hale 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(7):1385-1396

1. Removal of instream woody habitat (IWH) is one factor attributed to declines in fish populations worldwide. Restoration of IWH to help fish populations recover is now common; however, quantitative predictions about the outcomes of these interventions is rare. As such, quantitative links between IWH and fish abundance is of interest to managers to inform conservation and restoration activities.
2. Links between instream habitat attributes, especially IWH, and selected fish species of recreational, cultural, and ecological significance were explored at 335 sites spanning eight streams across south‐eastern Australia. Data were collected on fish abundance and length, IWH density and a range of other habitat attributes at a scale that incorporated at least one of each of the major mesohabitat types (functional river elements). The data were analysed using Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear mixed models to examine fish habitat associations and used to make quantitative predictions of responses to future restoration.
3. Strong positive relationships were found between fish abundance and IWH density and the strength of this relationship varied between species and waterways. Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a species commonly targeted by IWH interventions, displayed the strongest association with IWH density. River blackfish (Gadopsis marmoratus) also showed a significant relationship with IWH, but this effect was waterway specific. Fish length was only related to IWH for river blackfish. These results may reflect differences in the life histories of these two species. We suggest that differences in habitat association through ontogeny may be more relevant at smaller spatial scales.
4. The results generated in this study can be used to guide waterway restoration and develop quantitative predictions about how fish might respond to IWH interventions across south‐eastern Australia. This approach provides a powerful quantitative framework within which to explore management options and objectives, and to test our predicted responses to habitat restoration.

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Larger biomass of targeted reef fish in no‐take marine reserves on the Great Barrier Reef,Australia     

R.D. Evans  G.R. Russ 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2004,14(5):505-519

• 1. An expansion of no‐take marine reserve zones of Australia's 348 000 km² Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park from 4.6% to 33.4% of the park area is proposed in 2004. However, limited evidence currently exists that no‐take marine reserves on the GBR have increased abundance of reef fish targeted by fisheries. This study provides such evidence for inshore reefs of the GBR.
• 2. Underwater visual surveys were used to estimate the effect of no‐take reserves on abundance of species targeted by hook‐and‐line fisheries around the Palm, Whitsunday and Keppel Islands, spanning 600 km of the length of the GBR. The reserves had been zoned ‘no fishing’ for 14 yr.
• 3. Densities of Plectropomus spp. and Lutjanus carponotatus, both targeted by fisheries, were much higher in protected zones than fished zones in two of the three island groups. Plectropomus spp. were 3.6 and 2.3 times more abundant in protected than fished zones of the Palm and Whitsunday island groups. L. carponotatus were 2.3 and 2.2 times more abundant in protected zones than fished zones of the Whitsunday and Keppel island groups.
• 4. The biomasses of Plectropomus spp. and L. carponotatus were significantly greater (3.9 and 2.6 times respectively) in the protected zones than fished zones at all three island groups.
• 5. Legal minimum sizes of Plectropomus spp. and L. carponotatus are ?38 cm and 25 cm TL respectively. There were significantly higher densities and biomasses of Plectropomus spp. >35 cm TL (density: 3.8 times; biomass: 5.1 times) and L. carponotatus >25 cm TL (density: 4.2 times; biomass: 5.3 times) in protected zones than fished zones at all three island groups.
• 6. No significant difference in abundance between protected and fished zones was found for two species not captured by fisheries (Siganus doliatus and Chaetodon aureofasciatus), and there were no significant differences in benthic characteristics between protected and fished zones.
• 7. Results suggest that no‐take marine reserves have increased stock biomass of targeted fish species on inshore GBR reefs.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献