The non-specific stimulation of avian peripheral blood lymphocytes from uninfected chickens by paramyxoviruses and influenza viruses     

P H Russell 《Veterinary microbiology》1988,16(2):181-188

Avian paramyxovirus-3 was mitogenic to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from about half the normal birds sampled from 3 inbred flocks. Eight other myxoviruses including Newcastle disease virus, Sendai virus and influenza virus were also irregularly mitogenic. This could complicate in vitro assays for specific immunity.  相似文献   

Marker‐assisted breeding for improvement of anaerobic germination in japonica rice (Oryza sativa)     

Suk‐Man Kim  Choon‐Song Kim  Ji‐Ung Jeong  Russell F. Reinke  Jong‐Min Jeong 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(6):810-819

Direct seeding is increasingly being practiced in rice cultivation areas because it saves labour and reduces cost of production and management. In this study, four japonica‐type breeding lines were developed from a cross of a japonica cultivar and an AG‐tolerant donor, KHO, using marker‐assisted selection. Validation of the target genes AG1 and AG2 in the selected lines was examined by PCR analysis and the background recovery rate by the recurrent parent was confirmed by genotyping using a 6K SNP chip. Compared to the recurrent, the survival rates of the selected lines were improved in a range from 33% to 115% in three conditions; in particular, the survival rate was increased in more than twice that of the recurrent parent under the hypoxic condition. The main agronomic trait, yield and quality‐related traits were similar to those of the recurrent parent. The use of these lines will contribute to the expansion of the cultivation area due to the proven economic benefits of direct seeding in Korea.  相似文献   

Climate‐induced vulnerability of fisheries in the Coral Triangle: Skipjack Tuna thermal spawning habitats     

Roberto Venegas  Thomas Oliver  Russell E. Brainard  Mudjekeewis Santos  Rollan Geronimo  Matthew Widlansky 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(2):117-130

We investigated projected changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and the associated impacts on spawning habitat for skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Coral Triangle region (CT). A multimodel aggregate of SST CMIP5 models for the CT region, based on a comprehensive skill validation assessment, was used to identify the five best performing of 36 models tested for inclusion in a regional multimodel ensemble. Monthly 1° SST multimodel aggregate projections for the CT region under RCP8.5 show that increases in SST, as high as 2.8°C (mean value), will likely occur by the end of this century. Using these estimates of SST change, we applied three parameterizations of skipjack tuna spawning temperatures to assess the potential for change in spawning habitat within the CT region. The three spawning temperature parameterizations were as follows: (a) a square‐wave function derived from catch data with boundaries at 26 and 30°C; (b) a symmetric Gaussian function derived from the SEAPODYM models; and (c) an asymmetric Gaussian function that modifies the SEAPODYM curve in (b) to include the results of relevant physiological experiments. All three parameterizations show similar geographic patterns, with the amount of favourable spawning habitat decreasing throughout the central, equatorial CT region and increasing at higher latitudes. However, the three parameterizations show marked differences in the modelled magnitude of change, with an asymmetric Gaussian function (ASGF) showing a regionwide average of 66.1% decline in favourable spawning habitat between 2015 and 2099. These projected changes in tuna spawning habitats are likely to have important consequences on local and regional fisheries management in the CT region.  相似文献   

Performance of Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,Reared in Zero‐Exchange Tank Systems Exposed to Different Light Sources and Intensities     

Shawn D. Coyle  Leigh Anne Bright  David R. Wood  Russell S. Neal  James H. Tidwell 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(5):687-695

The development of biofloc production technology has generated significant commercial and research interest directed toward the inland culture of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Most work to date has been conducted in greenhouses, where photoautotrophic organisms are significant contributors to system functionality. In more temperate locations, operations in insulated buildings would reduce heating costs. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of light on shrimp cultured in intensive biofloc systems. A 92‐d experiment was conducted in 3.8‐m³ tanks. There were five light treatments: (1) natural sunlight (SUN) as a control (midday: 718 lx); (2) one metal halide light (MHL) (1074 lx); (3) one fluorescent light (1FL) (214 lx); (4) two fluorescent lights (2FL) (428 lx); and (5) three fluorescent lights (3FL) (642 lx). Artificial light treatments operated on a 12:12 daily cycle. There were three replicate tanks per treatment and each was separated by black plastic to prevent light transmission between replicates. Each tank was stocked at 465 shrimp/m² of tank bottom (initial mean weight = 0.4 g). Light treatment had a significant (P≤ 0.05) impact on average individual weight, survival, harvest yield (kg/m²), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Harvest yield and survival among shrimp in the SUN, MHL, and 1FL treatments were not significantly different. However, there was an inverse linear relationship (P≤ 0.05; R² = 0.76) between the number of fluorescent fixtures and survival, which was related to greater concentrations of filamentous bacteria as the intensity of fluorescent light increased, causing gill fouling. Natural light and MHL did not result in high concentrations of filamentous bacteria. These results indicate that natural light, metal halide lighting, and/or relatively low levels of fluorescent lighting are suitable for indoor production of Pacific white shrimp in biofloc systems. Light spectrum and intensity can affect bacterial community structure, which has a profound effect on shrimp survival and production.  相似文献   

Effects of earthworms on bulk density: A meta‐analysis     

Birgit Lang  David J. Russell 《European Journal of Soil Science》2020,71(1):80-83

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The first 10 years     

E.W. Russell 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1979,11(1):1

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Thermal decomposition of protein in soil organic matter     

J.D. Russell  A.R. Fraser  J.R. Watson  J.W. Parsons 《Geoderma》1974,11(1):63-66

Infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen analyses suggest that secondary amide groups in protein-like components of soil clay-organic complexes and extracted organic matter decompose above 100°C to yield ammonia which is retained as NH₄⁺ by acid-washed clay-organic complexes. Above about 400°C, other volatile nitrogenous decomposition products are released. Clay surfaces in the clay-organic complexes may catalyse the decomposition.  相似文献   

Environment and development     

Clifford S Russell 《Biological conservation》1975,7(3):227-234

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Arid Zone Irrigation: B. Yaron,E. Danfors and Y. Vaadia. (Editors). Springer Verlag,Berlin, 1974, 434 pp., DM. 94.00     

E.W. Russell 《Geoderma》1975,13(4):378-379

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The Effects of Antagonists on the Multiplication of Vaccinia Virus in Vitro     

Thompson RL  Wilkin ML  Hitchings GH  Elion GB  Falco EA  Russell PB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1949,110(2861):454

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