Nutrient balance in the diet of spring calving, pasture-fed dairy cows     

Stevenson MA  Williamson NB  Russell DJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2003,51(2):81-88

AIMS: To report the nutrient composition of pastures fed to spring-calving dairy cows in the Manawatu region of New Zealand, and describe changes in the nutrient composition of these pastures over a 12-month period. Having done this we sought to: (1) compare the nutrient composition of the pasture offered with the nutrient requirements of spring-calving dairy cows; (2) identify periods when individual nutrient surpluses and deficits are likely; and, (3) identify nutrients that demonstrate a high level of variability between sampling occasions. METHODS: Seven farms took part in the study. Each farm was visited monthly from August 1996 to July 1997. Samples of pasture were taken at each visit and submitted for estimation of dry matter (DM), metabolisable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), non-structural carbohydrate (NSC), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), sulphur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), and dietary cation-anion differences (DCAD). RESULTS: Sampled pastures were characterised by low to marginal ME, NSC, Ca, Mg, and Zn concentrations when compared with recommended dietary nutrient concentrations for lactating and non-lactating dairy cattle in New Zealand. Analyses revealed relatively high CP, NDF and K concentrations, and DCAD. CONCLUSIONS: These analyses identify broad trends in the nutrient balance of a pasture-only feeding regime and provide a useful reference for planning feed strategies for spring-calving, pasture-fed dairy herds in this region. Recommended changes to on-farm practice should be made after considering the whole farm system, rather than being made solely on the basis of perceived deficiencies or excesses of individual nutrients.  相似文献   

Buffy coat smear from a puppy     

Russell KE  Barnhart KF  Fryer JS  Craig TM 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2002,31(1):9-12

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Accounting for the effects of a ruminal nitrogen deficiency within the structure of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System     

Tedeschi LO  Fox DG  Russell JB 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(6):1648-1658

The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) prediction of fiber digestion and microbial mass production from ruminally degraded carbohydrate has been adjusted to accommodate a ruminal N deficiency. The steps for the adjustment are as follows: 1) the ruminal available peptide and ammonia pools are used to determine the N allowable microbial growth; 2) this value is subtracted from the energy allowable microbial growth to obtain the reduction in microbial mass; 3) this mass reduction is allocated between pools of bacteria digesting fiber (FC) and nonfiber (NFC) carbohydrate according to their original proportions in the energy allowable microbial growth; 4) the reduction in fermented FC is computed as the FC bacterial mass reduction divided by its yield (g bacteria/g FC digested); and 5) this reduction is added to the FC fraction escaping the rumen. Five published studies included information that allowed us to evaluate the response of animals to added dietary N. These evaluations compared observed and CNCPS-predicted ADG with and without this adjustment. The adjustment decreased the CNCPS overprediction of ADG from 19.2 to 4.7%, mean bias declined from .16 to .04 kg/d, and the r2 of the regression between observed and metabolizable energy (ME) or metabolizable protein allowable ADG was increased from .83 to .88 with the adjustment. When the observed dry matter intake was regressed against CNCPS-predicted DMI with an adjustment for reduction in cell wall digestibility, the r2 was increased from .77 to .88. These results indicated the adjustment for ruminal nitrogen deficiency increased the accuracy of the CNCPS model in evaluating diets of growing animals when ruminally degraded N is deficient.  相似文献   

Colic in a horse associated with a massive cystic duplication of the ascending colon     

Bassage LH  Habecker PL  Russell EA  Ennulat D 《Equine veterinary journal》2000,32(6):565-568

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Post-Therapy Antibody Titers in Dogs With Ehrlichiosis: Follow-Up Study on 68 Patients Treated Primarily With Tetracycline and/or Doxycycline   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Robert C. Bartsch  Russell T. Greene 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1996,10(4):271-274

The clinical and serological responses to therapy were evaluated for at least 1 year in 68 dogs with antibody titers positive for Ehrlichia cam's. Treatments were of variable periods with primarily tetracycline hydrochloride and/or doxycycline. Sixteen dogs had initial titers of 1:20 and, at the end of the year, were asymptomatic, no longer receiving medication, and had negative serology. The average length of treatment with tetracycline HCI and/or doxycycline was 85 days (range, 14 to 360 days). Of 39 dogs with initial titers of 1:2,560 or greater, 1 died, 25 were asymptomatic, and 13 were lost to follow-up at the end of the study. The average length of treatment was 210 days (range, 21 to 630 days). Twenty-seven dogs were seropositive at ≥ 1:2,560 when the sera was last tested. Thirteen dogs had initial titers of 1:80 to 1:1,280. Of these 13 dogs, 2 died, 2 were lost to follow-up, and 9 were asymptomatic and had titers ranging from negative to ≥ 1:2,560 at the end of the study. The persistence of antibodies, prolonged subclinical phase, and delayed relapses despite long-term medication, suggest inadequate chemotherapeutic agents or may be natural features of latency of ehrlichiosis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1996;10:271–274. Copyright © 1996 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine .  相似文献   

Filamentous bacteria in oral eosinophilic granulomas of a cat     

R G Russell  M M Slattum  J Abkowitz 《Veterinary pathology》1988,25(3):249-250

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Traditional textbook on microbiology: Hagan and Bruner's Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in Animals 8th edn     

P. H. Russell 《The Journal of small animal practice》1989,30(5):314-314

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Antithrombotic actions of aspirin in the horse   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

H Cambridge  P Lees  R E Hooke  C S Russell 《Equine veterinary journal》1991,23(2):123-127

The antithrombotic effects of aspirin at two dose rates (4 mg/kg and 11 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt] were evaluated in normal, healthy ponies by measuring template bleeding time. Inhibition of platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen was evaluated and cyclo-oxygenase activity was monitored by radioimmunoassay of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2 (TXA2). TXB2 was measured in serum and platelet rich plasma. Bleeding time was prolonged significantly until 48 h after treatment at 12 mg/kg bwt and until 4 h at the lower dose rate. Synthesis of TXB2 and collagen induced aggregation were diminished for much greater periods with similar results at each of the dose rates. The prolonged effects of aspirin on platelet function occurred in spite of a very short plasma half-life of aspirin, because of its irreversible action on platelet cyclo-oxygenase. The results show that low dose aspirin has a potential role in antithrombotic therapy in horses although the relationship between skin bleeding time in normal horses and improvement of clinical conditions requires further research and evaluation in clinical trials. TXB2 measurement appears to overestimate the duration of antithrombotic effects of aspirin in vivo.  相似文献   

The pig health scheme     

E W Russell 《The British veterinary journal》1974,130(1):3-8

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Urachal Abscess and Cystitis in a Calf   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Diana M. Hassel  Jeff W. Tyler  Russell L. Tucker  Axel F. Sondhof 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1995,9(4):286-288

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